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Joe Biden
Transcripts White House Calendar White House Press Releases

S. Hrg. 107-658 - Hearings to Examine Threats, Responses, and Regional Considerations Surrounding Iraq

Topics
Entities
Moderation
12 Speakers
Topics
No topics found
Entities
No entities found
Moderation
No moderation found
Speakers
Anthony Cordesman
Anthony Cordesman said 638 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
30%
Anthony Cordesman said 12372 words of a total of 38491 words.
33%
Dr Hamza
Dr Hamza said 414 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
19%
Dr Hamza said 7779 words of a total of 38491 words.
21%
Michael Butler
Michael Butler said 424 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
20%
Michael Butler said 6732 words of a total of 38491 words.
18%
Joe Biden
Joe Biden said 266 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
13%
Joe Biden said 4478 words of a total of 38491 words.
12%
Russ Feingold
Russ Feingold said 95 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
5%
Russ Feingold said 1793 words of a total of 38491 words.
5%
Richard Lugar
Richard Lugar said 75 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
4%
Richard Lugar said 1380 words of a total of 38491 words.
4%
Chuck Hagel
Chuck Hagel said 70 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
4%
Chuck Hagel said 1041 words of a total of 38491 words.
3%
Paul Wellstone
Paul Wellstone said 61 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
3%
Paul Wellstone said 871 words of a total of 38491 words.
3%
Lincoln Chafee
Lincoln Chafee said 42 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
2%
Lincoln Chafee said 659 words of a total of 38491 words.
2%
Thomas Dodd
Thomas Dodd said 23 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
2%
Thomas Dodd said 412 words of a total of 38491 words.
2%
Bill Nelson
Bill Nelson said 36 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
2%
Bill Nelson said 378 words of a total of 38491 words.
1%
Sam Brownback
Sam Brownback said 14 sentences of a total of 2182 sentences.
1%
Sam Brownback said 178 words of a total of 38491 words.
1%
Full Transcript

Joe Biden

The hearing will come to order.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.367142912
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0661464175
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.048575463
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0272074452
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0020507219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0013585221
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011306899
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006382608
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.50451E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.688E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.4675E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
2.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
87.9
Gunning-Fog Score
2.4
Coleman-Liau Index
8.7
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
1.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.3
Sprache Readability Score
1.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1

Joe Biden

Welcome, everyone, here this morning to what is the beginning of, I hope, for lack of a better phrase, a national dialog on a very important question. There are some very difficult decisions for the President and for the Congress, and we think it's important, the members of this committee, that we begin to discuss what is being discussed all over, but not here in the Congress so far.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
0.511
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.8055500463
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1230558148
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0806369877
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0504605938
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0210247817
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0166665006
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0160634314
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007444651
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002251862
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.69028E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.35376E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
10.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18

Joe Biden

The attacks of 9/11 have forever transformed how Americans see the world. Through tragedy and pain, we have learned that we cannot be complacent about events abroad. We cannot be complacent about those who espouse hatred for us. We must confront clear danger with a new sense of urgency and resolve.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.939
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.739485817
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0996221788
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0605574809
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0465761463
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0238728506
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.021171027
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.002412204
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001695242
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001647249
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.77404E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.66137E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
68.4
Gunning-Fog Score
9
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
6.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18

Joe Biden

Saddam Hussein's pursuit of weapons of mass destruction, in my view, is one of those clear dangers. Even if the right response to his pursuit is not so crystal clear, one thing is clear. These weapons must be dislodged from Saddam Hussein, or Saddam Hussein must be dislodged from power. President Bush has stated his determination to remove Saddam from power, a view many in Congress share. If that course is pursued, in my view, it matters profoundly how we do it and what we do after we succeed.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.55556
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.55556
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
-0.077
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.0305644557
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.007570914
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0068795736
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0054885502
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0051213872
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0046423458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0030204201
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0020847365
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0014398108
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0003735546
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.5494E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
69
Gunning-Fog Score
8.9
Coleman-Liau Index
10.5
SMOG Index
8.4
Automated Readability Index
8.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Joe Biden

The decision to go to war can never be taken lightly. I believe that a foreign policy, especially one that involves the use of force, cannot be sustained in America without the informed consent of the American people. And so just as we have done in other important junctures in our history, the Foreign Relations Committee today begins what I hope will be a national dialog on Iraq that sheds more light than heat and helps inform the American people so that we can have a more informed basis upon which they can draw their own conclusions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.43532
VADER
0.282
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.3478364553
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0556476181
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0554990431
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0295858365
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0060463084
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0028724093
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005757735
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.3875E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.37576E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.30663E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.1283E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.2
Gunning-Fog Score
16.2
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Joe Biden

I'm very pleased and grateful for the close cooperation of my Republican colleagues, Senator Helms, in absentia, and his staff, in particular Senator Lugar and Senator Hagel, in putting these hearings together. This is a bipartisan effort. It reminds me of the way that things used to work in this committee when I joined it in 1973.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.56495
VADER
0.755
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.2878208412
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2037853701
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1102162758
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0301391468
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0197041809
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0078052959
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.001970389
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002391074
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001886162
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.87102E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.0978E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51
Gunning-Fog Score
12.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21

Joe Biden

I want to say a word now about what the hearings are not about, from my perspective. They are not designed to prejudice any particular course of action. They are not intended to short-circuit the debate taking place within the administration. I know I speak for all members of the committee in saying at the outset that we recognize our responsibility as we conduct these hearings to do so in a way that reflects the magnitude of the decisions the administration is wrestling with and the Congress will have to deal with.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
0.244
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.4357273225
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.241848873
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1558360877
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1258126344
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.013521887
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0030751631
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0017245085
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.12622E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.7671E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.5494E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.528E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
55
Gunning-Fog Score
14
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25

Joe Biden

We've coordinated these hearings closely with the White House. We're honoring the administration's desire not to testify at this time. We expect, at some later date, to convene hearings at which the administration would send representatives to explain their thinking once it has been clarified and determined. We do not expect this week's hearings to exhaust all aspects of this issue. They are a beginning. But over the next 2 days, we hope to address several fundamental questions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
0.844
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0131121909
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0057392186
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0022959124
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.000536094
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004218679
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0002204629
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.86129E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.3069E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.4431E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.4262E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.8029E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
58.1
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Joe Biden

First, what is the threat from Iraq? Obviously, to fully answer this question will require us to have additional and closed hearings on top of hearings in S-407 and discussions we've already had with the intelligence community. Second, depending on our assessment of the threat -- or depending on one's assessment of the threat, what is the appropriate response? And, third, how do Iraq's neighbors, other countries in the region, and our allies see the, "Iraqi problem"? And, fourth, and maybe most important, if we participate in Saddam's departure, what are our responsibilities the day after?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.54654
VADER
-0.836
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0479569426
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0123353166
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0036603149
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0024579173
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0013538945
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0013014884
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004039464
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.50901E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.72765E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.16826E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.04686E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.1
Gunning-Fog Score
14.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26

Joe Biden

In my judgment, President Bush is right to be concerned about Saddam Hussein's relentless pursuit of weapons of mass destruction and the possibility that he may use them or share them with terrorists. Other regimes hostile to the United States and our allies already have or seek to acquire weapons of mass destruction. What distinguishes Saddam is that he has used them against his own people and against Iran. And for nearly 4 years now Iraq has blocked the return of U.N. weapons inspectors.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
-0.962
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0058328747
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0022830087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0016282087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0012408905
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006594934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005389359
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.00026337
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.26318E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.7605E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.1973E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.5994E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
63.1
Gunning-Fog Score
9.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
7.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Joe Biden

We want to explore Saddam's track record in acquiring, making, and using weapons of mass destruction and the likelihood, in the opinion of the experts that will come before us in the next 2 days -- the likelihood that he would share them with terrorists.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
-0.848
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0064943757
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0026858115
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0026259069
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0016294203
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0010703764
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005421919
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001245701
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
7.94765E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.6132E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.5842E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.4271E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Joe Biden

We want to know what capabilities Saddam has been able to rebuild since the inspectors were forced out of Iraq and what he now has or might soon acquire. We want to understand his conventional military strength and what dangers he poses to his neighbors as well as to our forces, should they intervene.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.077
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.0023584511
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0011333532
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008017505
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.000781062
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0003718003
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.85999E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
6.11035E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.79226E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.3944E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.8909E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.1075E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
54.1
Gunning-Fog Score
15.2
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Joe Biden

Once we have established a better understanding of the threat, we want to look at the possible responses. The containment strategy pursued since the end of the gulf war and apparently supported by some in our military has kept Saddam boxed in. Some advocates for continuing this strategy believe it's exceeded their expectations. And some others advocate the continuation coupled with tough, unfettered weapons inspection. How practical is that? Others believe that containment raises the risks Saddam will continue to play cat and mouse with the inspectors, build more weapons of mass destruction and share them with those who wouldn't hesitate to use them against us. In this view, if we wait for the danger to become clear and present, it could become too late. It could be too late. Acting to change the regime, in this view, may be a better course.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.03609
VADER
-0.846
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0142777644
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0037742007
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0016561831
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0015879728
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.000844831
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002791584
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
7.98134E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.31912E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.17521E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.5148E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.0138E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.6
Gunning-Fog Score
13.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
36

Joe Biden

But a military response also raises questions. Some fear that attacking Saddam Hussein would precipitate the very thing we're trying to prevent, his last resort to weapons of mass destruction. We also have to ask whether resources can be shifted to a major military enterprise in Iraq without compromising the war on terror in other parts of the world.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.63599
VADER
-0.936
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.030616601
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0159618678
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0142922712
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0047028792
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0041915457
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007248338
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001587447
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001076526
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001009191
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
7.62828E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.03653E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.9
Gunning-Fog Score
14.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Joe Biden

My father has an expression, God love him. He says, "If everything's equally important to you, Joe, nothing is important." How do we prioritize? What is the relative value? What are the costs?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.869
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.793822296
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0424988306
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0154784619
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0120117009
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0102949351
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0048877919
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0035254539
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0021624644
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0016314601
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003324024
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.50105E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.3
Gunning-Fog Score
11.1
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
10
Automated Readability Index
3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.2
Sprache Readability Score
2.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9

Joe Biden

We have to inquire about the cost of a major military campaign and the impact on our economy. As pointed out yesterday in one of the major newspapers in America, in today's dollars, the cost of the gulf war was about $75 billion. Our allies paid 80 percent of that, including the Japanese. If we go it alone, does it matter? Will we encompass and take on the whole responsibility? What impact will that have on American security and the economy? We have to consider what support we're likely to get from our key allies in the Middle East and Europe, and we must examine whether there are any consequences if we move for regional stability.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.31015
VADER
-0.305
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.5976221059
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0609217561
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0579011277
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.035797921
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0157902628
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0136459741
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.010144819
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009383158
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.97564E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.70497E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.9025E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
55.8
Gunning-Fog Score
11.8
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
33

Joe Biden

Finally, the least explored, in my view, but in many ways the most critical question relates to our responsibilities, if any, for the day after Saddam is taken down, if taken down by the use of the U.S. military. This is not a theoretical exercise. In Afghanistan, the war was prosecuted exceptionally well, in my view, but the follow-through commitment to Afghanistan security and reconstruction has, in my judgment, fallen short.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
-0.778
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.4807687365
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0469697959
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0235395346
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0208649202
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0085392574
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0054488737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0035181423
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.001584746
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.07259E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.42911E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.1394E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.2
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20

Joe Biden

It would be a tragedy if we removed a tyrant in Iraq, only to leave chaos in its wake. The long suffering Iraqi people need to know a regime change would benefit them. So do Iraq's neighbors. We need a better understanding of what it would take to secure Iraq and rebuild it economically and politically. Answering these questions could improve the prospects for military success by demonstrating to Iraqis that we are committed to staying for the long haul.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.25131
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.64663
VADER
0.7
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.7742806803
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3114660736
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1123978756
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0696899777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0157290109
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0118051626
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0022928358
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001187996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.80432E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.6511E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.9249E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.1
Gunning-Fog Score
11.9
Coleman-Liau Index
11.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25

Joe Biden

These are just some of the questions we hope to address today and tomorrow and in future hearings and, no doubt, in the fall. In short, we need to weigh the risks of action versus the risks of inaction.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.94591
VADER
-0.718
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.3234107513
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0657940458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0163626246
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0083503524
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0051019859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008556817
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004677165
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.75639E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.796E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.645E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.097E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
76.4
Gunning-Fog Score
10.9
Coleman-Liau Index
8.2
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
7.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11

Joe Biden

To reiterate my key point, if we expect the American people to support their government over the long haul when it makes a difficult decision, if the possibility exists that we may ask hundreds of thousands of our young men and women in uniform to put themselves in harm's way, if it is the consensus or a decision reached by the administration that thousands or tens of thousands of troops would be required to remain behind for an extended period of time, if those measures are required, then we must gain, in my view, the informed consent of the American people.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.71
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.8939336054
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1118173939
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0807882636
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0389898138
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0177969152
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0095191899
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0085395921
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002325173
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.79E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.892E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.849E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Joe Biden

I welcome our witnesses today. We have a group of extremely competent people, one of whom got on a plane in Sydney and traveled 24 hours straight to be here for this hearing, and others who have come from long distances, as well. These are men and women of stature, background knowledge, academic and practical understanding of the region and the country, and we're anxious to hear from them.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.762
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
3.4141104668
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.7150523365
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.3142322181
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.2168984618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.131205644
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0164594094
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0069744819
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0033634009
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0031942429
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002068375
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.70047E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
63.3
Gunning-Fog Score
13.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18

Joe Biden

I would now ask Senator Lugar if he would like to make an opening statement. And although we usually reserve opening statements just to the ranking member and the chairman, I would, since we only have a few members here at the moment, invite my other three colleagues if they would like to make a, "short" -- not as long as the chairman's -- short statement.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.94444
VADER
0.681
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1056946581
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1053463435
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0052905994
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0030322355
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0022360187
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0011963934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0009063413
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001164838
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001066442
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000100459
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.19978E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
55.4
Gunning-Fog Score
15.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Joe Biden

When you get to be chairman, you can make long statements.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.3192710457
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0097262491
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0039048235
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.001422437
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0007539263
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006947154
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002734564
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.68964E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.519E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.591E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.31E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
2.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
95.7
Gunning-Fog Score
4.4
Coleman-Liau Index
8.8
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
3.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.4
Sprache Readability Score
2.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Joe Biden

Senator Lugar.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Sexual
0.013479995
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0039815401
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0023082217
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0019181729
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0007011697
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003766162
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001865087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001494214
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.29587E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
2.26353E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.0093E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
7.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Richard Lugar

Well, thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, for your leadership in organizing these hearings and for a comprehensive statement that really does set forward the major issues we must discuss.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.3979
VADER
0.681
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.049509661
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0020263633
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0020053571
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0017350147
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0011883416
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005975101
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003009979
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002472293
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001767833
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001408618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.7963E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
56.3
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
9.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Richard Lugar

I was an outspoken advocate for United States military action against Iraq that culminated in Desert Shield and Desert Storm. I urged President Bush at a very early date to seek congressional authorization for deployment of troops and the use of force in the Persian Gulf. At the time, many in and out of the administration feared the possibility of losing that vote. I believed all along the votes would be there, but had the votes for authorization not been there, it would have been far better to have known this at the beginning rather than to be surprised down the road that the Nation was not behind the President. A few weeks later, the House and Senate did vote to authorize President Bush to use military force against Iraq, and the administration benefited immensely from this overt decision of the American people.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.43532
VADER
0.637
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0169340827
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0126918691
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0065024695
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.005288405
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0044436529
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0029420253
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001830158
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.79575E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.18009E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.44367E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.1336E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.5
Gunning-Fog Score
16.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
38
Sprache Difficult Word Count
42

Richard Lugar

If President Bush determines that large-scale offensive military action is necessary against Iraq, I hope that he will follow the lead established by the previous Bush administration and seek congressional authorization. The administration must be assured of the commitment of the American people in pursuing policies and actions in Iraq after focused and vigorous discussion and debate. It is unfortunate that today, some 10 years after the gulf war, we still face threats posed by Saddam Hussein. This did not necessarily have to be the case.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.31015
VADER
-0.477
Negative
Moderation
Self-Harm
0.0083293642
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0072341834
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0053857915
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0028205897
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0026064467
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0023976954
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0014645708
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.000978059
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0008237046
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002603751
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.9938E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
32.1
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Richard Lugar

On April 18, 1991, I wrote to President Bush urging him to send our forces to Baghdad and to complete the job. He was gracious enough to receive me in the White House to discuss that letter. I believe that while we had the forces present, we should end the regime of Saddam Hussein and build a democratic Iraq. And, for a number of reasons, our President chose instead to pursue a policy of containment. Those important reasons for that decision, then and now, include our plans for the future of a post-Saddam-Hussein Iraq and future stability of Iraq's neighbors.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.22378
VADER
0.691
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual > Minors
0.0285651622
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0245901116
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0138436924
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0041462321
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0037819147
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.001638661
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0008225162
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.37738E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.5681E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.24689E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.5869E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65
Gunning-Fog Score
10.5
Coleman-Liau Index
9.9
SMOG Index
9.5
Automated Readability Index
9.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
27
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Richard Lugar

We must estimate soberly the human and economic costs of war plans and postwar plans. I am under no illusion that this will be an easy task. The President and the administration will have to make the case to the American people regarding the threat posed to the United States security by Saddam Hussein and the weapons of mass destruction he appears intent on producing and potentially utilizing against Americans and other targets.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.84
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1859575277
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0911640353
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0194908251
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.002327501
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0020676474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.001295548
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0012413284
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006033018
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.94153E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.7254E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.846E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
38.4
Gunning-Fog Score
15.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Richard Lugar

But the President will also have to make a persuasive case to our friends and allies, particularly those in the region. Simply put, Saddam Hussein remains a threat to the United States, allied, and regional security. However, the situation on the ground in the region has changed since 1991, and it is not at all clear that the tactics of that campaign should be re-employed today.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
0.532
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0793281128
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.003186518
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0029755885
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0029482972
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0025893987
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0007121483
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004862451
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.46189E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.2205E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.6038E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.7139E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.2
Gunning-Fog Score
12.5
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Richard Lugar

Ten years ago, the United States had done the military and diplomatic spade work in the region. We had developed a war plan. Allies in the region permitted the United States forces to launch attacks from their territory. We had collected a coalition of willing and able allies. Our allies were willing to pay for $48 billion of the $61 billion cost. We were prepared to utilize the force necessary to defeat Iraqi forces. And, most importantly, we had the support of the American people. We have not yet determined if these same conditions are present today. They might be, but we have not yet engaged all the parties necessary to ensure a successful outcome.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.91
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.6438679062
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0462737633
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0432850939
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0349788723
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0152009103
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0127865816
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0021302145
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001913055
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001787572
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000137568
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000100676
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.2
Gunning-Fog Score
10.7
Coleman-Liau Index
11.1
SMOG Index
11.8
Automated Readability Index
6.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Richard Lugar

At the end of the Persian Gulf war, the agreements surrounding the cease-fire included an Iraqi commitment to destroy a stockpile of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and the ability to produce them in the future. I fully supported this endeavor. Iraq's possession of weapons of mass destruction represents a potential threat the world cannot ignore. On several occasions since the end of the war, the United States and our allies have resorted to the use of military force to counter the threat Iraq poses to its neighbors and to the United States' vital national-security interests. Saddam Hussein has demonstrated his ability and willingness to use weapons of mass destruction and spread instability through military force against his own people and neighbors.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-3.21888
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.04348
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.04348
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.08338
VADER
-0.933
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.128515251
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0150888343
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.012623168
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0060728667
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0027416208
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0020898842
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0014507947
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001937282
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.4271E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.1031E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.3632E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.6
Gunning-Fog Score
18.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
49
Sprache Difficult Word Count
49

Richard Lugar

Unfortunately, the overriding priority of his regime has been the maintenance of his own power. These hearings seek to shed light on our policy alternatives. The administration understands that ultimately it will have to make a case for its policy decisions. This is not an action that can be sprung on the American people. Leaks of military plans are dangerous to our security. But public debate over policy is important to the construction of strong public support for actions that will require great sacrifices from the American people.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.76214
VADER
0.832
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.6544808857
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1791353454
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1067681471
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0280713924
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0207839679
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0074271251
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0053176911
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0049168135
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0006176969
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001759585
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000112779
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.9
Gunning-Fog Score
14
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
25
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Richard Lugar

I look forward to working closely with the chairman to lead this debate and to lay some of the foundation of the coalescing of administration and congressional thinking and support that will be essential for a campaign against Saddam Hussein.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.402
Positive
Moderation
Violence
2.0351557061
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3562412458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1416362938
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1416055951
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1215004246
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0600057479
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003693106
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002705119
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.04038E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.46991E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.93167E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Richard Lugar

I thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.2475204878
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1730373478
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1312013366
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0458020513
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.01552264
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0042488053
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0021101492
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.76697E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.0962E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.3096E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.944E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
1
Coleman-Liau Index
6.5
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Joe Biden

Thank you.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.4568867385
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3008811036
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0943866966
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0546985888
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0050805218
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0024795108
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018835051
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007179583
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.76975E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.3402E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.4317E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
7.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.1
Sprache Readability Score
0.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Joe Biden

Gentlemen, I've just been informed that there are going to be four rollcall votes in a row starting at 11 o'clock, so I am going to rescind my offer. And if you want to put your statements in the record or make a 1-minute statement, literally, do that, but we'll never get to our witnesses.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.039
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.0220578149
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0058146474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0024642826
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0014497933
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0005956338
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0005795544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002782595
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.8158E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.5486E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.1969E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.88E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
71.2
Gunning-Fog Score
11.9
Coleman-Liau Index
7.5
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
11.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Joe Biden

Would anybody like to make a very brief opening comment?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0047455829
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0022123559
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0017212669
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0012398956
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0005972514
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.00022795
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002128908
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001843862
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.50114E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.34923E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.6624E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.9
Gunning-Fog Score
12
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
5.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
2.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
4

Paul Wellstone

Mr. Chairman, I'd just ask unanimous consent that my statement be included in the record. I was a teacher, and I'm used to 70-minute classes. I don't know how to do it in 1 minute.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0504160766
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0389655674
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0068577487
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0063596679
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0027403141
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0023304863
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.001175574
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000705885
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006511696
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002018306
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.11201E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
87.3
Gunning-Fog Score
5.8
Coleman-Liau Index
5.9
SMOG Index
7.3
Automated Readability Index
0.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4
Sprache Readability Score
2.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11

Note

[The prepared statement of Senator Wellstone follows:] Prepared Statement of Senator Paul Wellstone For months now, high-ranking administration officials have openly discussed launching a military attack on Iraq to overthrow Saddam Hussein. Until very recently, however, serious public discussion on the nature and urgency of Iraq's threat, the range of possible U.S. policy responses, and the consequences of a possible U.S. or allied military attack has been in short supply. I believe a free-ranging and open discussion of the policy options facing us on Iraq is long overdue, and wish to thank Senator Biden for scheduling this hearing today, and those which are to follow. By initiating these hearings, the committee is taking an important and historic first step in meeting its constitutional obligations to ensure that the representatives of the people have a chance to thoroughly assess these profoundly important questions before any action is taken.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.47368
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.47368
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.9694
VADER
0.275
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Self-Harm > Intent
2.9715962708
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.7084237188
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.4051150531
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.9449509904
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.9106568992
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.6560509559
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2244787524
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.1440920285
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.129386934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0909486145
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0488112506
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.6
Gunning-Fog Score
16.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
51
Sprache Difficult Word Count
56

Paul Wellstone

From all that I have seen, I do not believe the administration has yet made a case for taking military action against Iraq. Before any decisions about major changes in U.S. policy in the region are made -- including possible military or other action -- our country and our people need to learn as much as we can about the available choices on Iraq and their likely consequences.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.0095575728
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0094952557
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0024439965
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0020125299
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0003075751
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001428727
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001204369
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.80155E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.4575E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.6054E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.61E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.7
Gunning-Fog Score
12.1
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
11.8
Automated Readability Index
8.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Paul Wellstone

Among other things, we must know the impact of a U.S. pre-emptive attack on the international coalition effort to combat terrorism, our nation's number one national security priority. With few exceptions, our coalition partners and regional friends oppose military action. We need to take a hard look at whether taking military action against Iraq would be worth jeopardizing the steady progress we are now making with scores of other nations in actually preventing terrorists from acquiring the resources to attack us again as they did on September 11.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.06667
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.06667
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.12516
VADER
-0.852
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0083711129
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.001754611
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011570893
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0011153004
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0003384693
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.09467E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
1.43141E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.0678E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.3054E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.8537E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.204E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
36.3
Gunning-Fog Score
14.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34

Paul Wellstone

We also must know the nature and urgency of the threat from Iraq, the range of possible American policy responses beyond the use of force, the legal authority for U.S. or concerted international action there, the impact on our economy and on the world economy, and the human toll of any such conflict.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8873
VADER
-0.599
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0091661139
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0044770986
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018649915
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0011757579
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006081385
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0002880943
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.46923E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.19628E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.2698E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.3108E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.146E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.6
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21

Paul Wellstone

We must also have some clearer idea of our policy goals. Should the goal of U.S. policy be to overthrow the regime and install a regime less hostile to U.S. interests, to compel Iraq finally to agree with unfettered UN-sponsored weapons inspections, to destroy suspected weapons of mass destruction production facilities, or some combination of these? What is the precedent for the U.S. to launch a major military operation in the absence of direct provocation by the target country? Should U.S. action be targeted and covert, or overwhelming and overt? What would we expect the casualties among U.S. service personnel to be in a potential war on Iraq, and would it be higher, as most experts agree, than in the current war in Afghanistan? Are Americans ready to shoulder that burden now? What would the death toll be among ordinary, innocent Iraqi civilians? Why is the UN-sponsored sanctions process, recently overhauled and more narrowly targeted, continuing to erode, and what can be done about that? All of these questions and more must be answered in this process.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.3913
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.3913
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.78846
VADER
-0.971
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0144854639
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0045722772
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0019042116
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0012466799
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0011336331
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004197798
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002957097
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.000247564
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
7.83055E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.14884E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.67932E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
56.8
Gunning-Fog Score
10.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
11
Automated Readability Index
5.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
61
Sprache Difficult Word Count
66

Paul Wellstone

The most recent leaked military plan for invading Iraq calls for a heavy reliance on air strikes, focusing first and primarily on Baghdad. What is never mentioned in this report is the fact that Baghdad is also a crowded city of four to five million people, and it would be virtually impossible to take measures sufficient to prevent innocent non-combatants from being harmed.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
-0.689
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0419466087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0214889587
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.019313673
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0040093044
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0014186587
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0012714027
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.000671508
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001754161
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.98267E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.97377E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.5062E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Paul Wellstone

We must also consider the major responsibilities likely to flow from any military victory. What would it take to secure Iraq and to rebuild it economically and politically? How many U.S. forces would be required to go in, to secure the country and restore some semblance of democratic rule, and for how long would they stay? Would the American people be willing to shoulder the cost of billions of dollars needed for this effort, billions of dollars also urgently needed back here at home? In short, after a military victory has been declared, will the U.S. stay committed for the long haul? In Afghanistan, we won the war, but the follow-through commitment to secure Afghanistan's peace through security and reconstruction has fallen short. That fact, probably as much an any other, has had a chilling effect on regional support for U.S. action on Iraq.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.56522
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.56522
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.21302
VADER
0.963
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0298952917
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.004118411
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0025310772
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0016469015
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0013575082
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0004403069
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000402428
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002395132
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002360438
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.49791E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.18031E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.5
Gunning-Fog Score
9.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
10.5
Automated Readability Index
6.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
37
Sprache Difficult Word Count
41

Paul Wellstone

No one here disagrees that the world would be a much better place without the brutal dictatorship of Saddam Hussein. He has preyed on his neighbors, has used chemical weapons on his own people, and continues to be one of the world's worst violators of human rights. However, if a decision to take military action is made, it should only be made after the administration has engaged in a serious and thoughtful sustained public discussion on Iraq with the American people, and only after all diplomatic and other peaceful options have been exhausted. Further, if the administration decides to move, it must come back to Congress and seek war powers authorization before engaging in a large scale escalation of hostilities.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.36364
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.36364
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.72594
VADER
-0.859
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0554928265
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0158181108
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.003822627
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0019158164
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0010370788
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0008513352
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0003180405
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.91209E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.74325E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.50242E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.4231E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
32.6
Gunning-Fog Score
18.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39

Paul Wellstone

I believe these hearings are an important first step in beginning a serious and thoughtful discussion of U.S. policy toward Iraq, one which has been sorely needed, and I look forward to the testimony of the witnesses before us.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.477
Positive
Moderation
Harassment > Threatening
1.0582690127
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.4182764329
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1454566838
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0262278831
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0074838164
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0062361512
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0014878725
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006421659
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.4161E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.6353E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.471E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.9
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
6.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Paul Wellstone

I'd like to thank the panelists for being here today, and I would like to ask unanimous consent that a statement by Phyllis Bennis at the Institute for Policy Studies be included in the record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.813
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment > Threatening
0.014587745
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0080565682
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0070846239
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0030553383
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0010724119
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008312891
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.11792E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.93179E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.86697E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.0077E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.874E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.8
Gunning-Fog Score
17.4
Coleman-Liau Index
10.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Joe Biden

Without objection, it will be.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Sexual
0.0098338613
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0059752048
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0058759182
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0052076717
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0038535876
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0016120704
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0014293858
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.001279522
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0010056558
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001679457
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.6851E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.4
Gunning-Fog Score
10
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
3.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.4
Sprache Readability Score
1.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
1
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1

Note

[The statement referred to can be found on page 265.]
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Sexual
0.0320492225
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0108584689
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0050479142
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0036900743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0024438774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0015117811
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0009769441
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008915602
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004356199
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.3557E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.9423E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
Gunning-Fog Score
Coleman-Liau Index
SMOG Index
Automated Readability Index
Dale-Chall Readability Score
Sprache Readability Score
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
Sprache Difficult Word Count

Joe Biden

And every Senator's statement will be placed in the record if they have one. I sincerely apologize for that.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.542
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0356412114
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0120555349
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0049036884
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0020811789
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0008717841
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006700118
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0004610976
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002344368
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.6201E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.5615E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.519E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
63.6
Gunning-Fog Score
10.1
Coleman-Liau Index
11.1
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
4.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
2.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
6

Joe Biden

Senator Dodd.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Sexual
0.003196059
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0027975439
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0013449393
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0013299525
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0006718027
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001128313
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.56427E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.04027E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.0259E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.021E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.463E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.6
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
5.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Thomas Dodd

I think this is tremendously important, what you're doing. I think this is tremendously valuable. I know there are those who question the motivations behind all of this, but I can't think of any more valuable function that the Senate Foreign Relations Committee can perform than do exactly what we're doing here. I think it not only educates our colleagues, educates ourselves and the American public, it gives the administration an opportunity to focus its ideas and policies. I think one of the best debates that ever occurred in my 20 years in the Senate was the debate surrounding the issue of the gulf war back in 1989.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.41176
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.41176
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.82098
VADER
0.908
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.191250653
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.020909353
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.014319623
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0070057446
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.003992757
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0018296927
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0014762333
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000665307
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0003377065
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002477542
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.55216E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.3
Gunning-Fog Score
13.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Thomas Dodd

And so I thank you for doing this. This is a very, very valuable service, and I hope our colleagues pay good attention to what we hear.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
0.842
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0042472417
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.004231737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0010185381
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0006971585
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005011469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.21072E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
5.08348E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.54128E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.7141E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.2281E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.19E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
77.2
Gunning-Fog Score
9.8
Coleman-Liau Index
7.1
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
3.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
1.8
Sprache Readability Score
2.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5

Sam Brownback

Mr. Chairman.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Sexual
0.0368488283
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0029146635
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0017696106
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000936034
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0002357056
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0002269742
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001741805
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.18876E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.24516E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.1763E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.642E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
2.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
78.9
Gunning-Fog Score
0.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
2.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
0.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Joe Biden

Yes.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.402
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0069542199
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0049591519
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0044165812
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.001436
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0008333926
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0007813921
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002191509
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001021554
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.46588E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.69914E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.9521E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
0.4
Coleman-Liau Index
1.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0
Sprache Readability Score
0.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Sam Brownback

If I could for just a quick moment, I want to thank you for holding the hearings and second what Senator Dodd has said as to their importance. And I know the administration looks with importance on these hearings as engaging the country.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.56495
VADER
0.848
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0266994146
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0174153494
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0080825776
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0042385382
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0025019908
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0018477203
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002060644
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.28426E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.76162E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.8223E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.707E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65
Gunning-Fog Score
12.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
7

Sam Brownback

I would just note, I think, to our panelists and to other, I don't think there's a question but that we've got to, at some point in time, deal with Saddam Hussein. Many would have argued we should have done it 11 years ago. Some would have argued we should have done it 5 years ago. I think the question now becomes, should we do it now? And if so, how? And what does it impact throughout the region?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-2.3979
VADER
-0.793
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0085859625
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0022955664
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0013796986
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0008341225
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0002693016
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001014243
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.33668E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.68344E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.4675E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.776E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.9E-9
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
93.9
Gunning-Fog Score
5.8
Coleman-Liau Index
6.8
SMOG Index
5.6
Automated Readability Index
3.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11

Sam Brownback

So I hope our panelists can really address that issue, because I think there's pretty strong unanimity in the Congress that at some point in time we're going to have to deal with this guy. Is now the time? And what's the way? And I hope we can get at that through these hearings.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
0.917
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0016894923
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0014200773
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0010390745
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0003291133
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001669528
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
6.0076E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.63242E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.14013E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.1236E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.0323E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.4462E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
86.6
Gunning-Fog Score
7.6
Coleman-Liau Index
8
SMOG Index
8.2
Automated Readability Index
4.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.4
Sprache Readability Score
3.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Paul Wellstone

Mr. Chairman, I know everybody's being very brief, but just given the comments of a colleague that I work with, could I just say something in 30 seconds? I used 30 seconds before --
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.0347606634
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0155400267
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0135589798
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0071158443
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0049397528
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0043926226
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004265823
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003978173
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001700368
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.98166E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.3954E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
75.2
Gunning-Fog Score
6.8
Coleman-Liau Index
8.4
SMOG Index
7.9
Automated Readability Index
3.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.4
Sprache Readability Score
2.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9

Joe Biden

Sure.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.318
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0323048822
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0220480812
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0125602164
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0089246547
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0019640645
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0011115565
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.000369285
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003240069
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.54782E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.53034E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.17895E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
0.4
Coleman-Liau Index
7.5
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0
Sprache Readability Score
0.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Joe Biden

Senator Wellstone [continuing]. Which is I do not believe, as the Senator does, that the administration has yet -- has yet made the case for military action against Iraq, and I think that before any decision is taken about whether or not we go to war, we need to have a careful and deliberate and substantive discussion, not only here, but with people in our country, and we'll see whether the case has been made.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.285
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.024889817
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0069656482
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0034975423
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0032719989
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0012504976
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004730854
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001727315
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
6.5434E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.47396E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.53665E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.52019E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.5
Gunning-Fog Score
17.9
Coleman-Liau Index
9.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Joe Biden

I think these hearings are extremely important. This is why I wanted to become a United States Senator, to be a part of a discussion about a question that so crucially affects the world that we live in. And I think that your putting these hearings together is one of the best things you've probably ever done as a United States Senator.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.897
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.009920296
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0098386634
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0052639516
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0003156354
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001995666
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.000169393
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.55335E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.31391E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
1.31517E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.607E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.085E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.3
Gunning-Fog Score
12.1
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Joe Biden

All right, thank you.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0156357622
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0123232065
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0096805576
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0086678076
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0061338862
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.00451126
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0018607632
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0015032789
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0002221742
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.32817E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.70066E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
1.6
Coleman-Liau Index
7.7
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.2
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Joe Biden

Let me just say, to reinforce one point, yesterday at the White House at the signing of the corporate responsibility bill, the President came up to me in the audience and shook my hand and thanked me for holding these hearings.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
0.691
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.2752045635
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0439446041
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0298350438
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0114560033
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0038166167
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0033627788
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0026005669
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0006588969
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004707415
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003605905
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.7409E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
10.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11

Joe Biden

I want to make it clear. The administration has told me they have not made a decision yet. I take them at their word. They've indicated to me there's nothing in the near-term. I take them at their word. And we have not given a veto right on how we proceed, but we've asked for their cooperation, offered input, as we did from others, any witnesses they would like to have. And so, so far, this is as I think it should be, the beginning of an open discussion in a bipartisan way to examine the major issues we've outlined here.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.77778
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.77778
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.7346
VADER
0.637
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0129814754
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0045763121
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0038041853
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018819375
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.001029231
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001749327
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.75553E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.40889E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.26411E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.9111E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.554E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
78.4
Gunning-Fog Score
9
Coleman-Liau Index
7.7
SMOG Index
9.4
Automated Readability Index
4.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Joe Biden

Let me begin with our first panel. And as I referenced indirectly, Ambassador Richard Butler -- and I sincerely thank him for literally getting in a plane in Sydney and coming, and he obviously thinks these hearings are important or he wouldn't have made that trip.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
0.751
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1860163873
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0554551778
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0163636549
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0136702758
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0037597056
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018865792
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005191851
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001911802
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.9067E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.27764E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.19082E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.6
Gunning-Fog Score
14.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Joe Biden

Richard Butler has served as the executive chairman of the United Nations Special Commission, the so-called UNSCOM, from 1997 to 1999. He was also the Permanent Representative of Australia to the United Nations from 1992 to 1997. He's currently a diplomat in residence at the Council on Foreign Relations and one of the most articulate men in the world, actually, on the subject of Saddam Hussein and Iraq, and we're delighted he's here.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.891
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.1038189861
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0294134894
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.009764461
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0093260765
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0082664505
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0057866466
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000585574
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002366419
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001354473
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.8669E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.7434E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
45.8
Gunning-Fog Score
13.7
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Joe Biden

Dr. Hamza is the director of the Council for Middle Eastern Affairs in New York. He was a top Iraqi nuclear engineer working on Iraq's nuclear weapons program until he defected in 1994. He is the author of the book, "Saddam's Bombmaker," and we appreciate him being here and look forward to his testimony.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
-0.273
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.5316462368
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2564342227
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1153600751
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.07342397
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0419689895
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0244032635
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0023260498
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0013767411
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.001242905
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003890948
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001724905
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60
Gunning-Fog Score
9.1
Coleman-Liau Index
10.1
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
6.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22

Joe Biden

And a man we often see on television and who's been kind enough to share his wisdom with this committee on many occasions, Professor Anthony H. Cordesman. Professor Cordesman holds the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He's also a national security analyst for ABC, and we thank him, as well, for being here.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.891
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.1758954488
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.174651749
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.110906444
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0652536633
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0548029842
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0113696595
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0021679671
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003542753
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001323432
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.22248E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.6546E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.3
Gunning-Fog Score
10.1
Coleman-Liau Index
11.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21

Joe Biden

Gentlemen, if you could proceed. And I realize we told you 5 minutes. I'm not going to hold you literally to 5 minutes. What you have to say is so important. But if you can keep it in the range of 10 minutes, because we want to be able to engage you. And we will -- and you've all been here before -- maybe Dr. Hamza hasn't -- we're going to have to break about probably ten after 11 and be gone for 40 minutes. With a little bit of luck, we will be able to get this panel finished, or if we're still engaged, we'll ask you to hang around, if you can.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.797
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0743008975
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0733817928
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0134050351
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0079019723
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0045945464
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0039850194
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0013608836
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.12716E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.8034E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.96666E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.63602E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
88.3
Gunning-Fog Score
7.4
Coleman-Liau Index
5.6
SMOG Index
8.2
Automated Readability Index
2.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17

Joe Biden

But, with that, why don't I know yield the floor to you, Mr. Ambassador. And, again, thank you for the effort and your service.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1537648495
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0950343732
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0419508317
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0159071991
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0140427888
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0035853878
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0015434794
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0013679686
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005172631
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003975962
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003665261
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
2.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
93
Gunning-Fog Score
4.9
Coleman-Liau Index
7.5
SMOG Index
6.6
Automated Readability Index
1.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3
Sprache Readability Score
2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
4
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5

Michael Butler

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0284319452
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.023888881
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0046228412
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0043792632
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0029756737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0028433353
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0017467524
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.65605E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.3557E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.5169E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.8143E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
99.1
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Michael Butler

Mr. Chairman, Senator Lugar, distinguished members of this committee, I'm greatly honored to have been invited to be here. This is an important debate, and I hope I can make a useful contribution to it.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.893
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.414456008
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.130299048
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0218942761
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.011238725
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0068251931
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0014533496
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0014511891
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000289434
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002879677
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002276599
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.95114E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.6
Gunning-Fog Score
10.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.1
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
5.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Michael Butler

Mr. Chairman, having worked within the Australian Parliament, I'm well aware of the division bells and rollcall votes and so on, and I appreciate your duties in the Chamber. I will, therefore, come straight to the point and try and speak with dispatch.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.718
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.2657086123
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1811702154
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0820570276
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0576350198
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0389461464
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0189444268
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0107277105
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0067703586
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0038630737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0017390004
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000393797
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.4
Gunning-Fog Score
8.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11.7
SMOG Index
10.6
Automated Readability Index
7.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17

Michael Butler

My subject, as allocated to me by you and your staff, is Iraq and weapons of mass destruction. I'll make these opening remarks and be happy -- then the paper has been circulated, and I'll be happy to take part of whatever discussion --
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.202
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1549688284
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0377892517
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0237414701
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0209969774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0059137219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0015304928
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008958695
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007093435
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005203356
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001098517
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.92617E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
56.6
Gunning-Fog Score
14.1
Coleman-Liau Index
9.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Joe Biden

Your entire statement will be placed in the record for our colleagues.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
1.517627202
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2378493547
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0928204448
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0492006249
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.036156163
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0029125349
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0029052229
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0015506275
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0007200284
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003571656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002131972
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
74.8
Gunning-Fog Score
8.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
7.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
2.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
4
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5

Michael Butler

Mr. Chairman, members of this committee, Iraq's stated position is that it has no weapons of mass destruction. As recently as last week, two senior Iraqi officials, the Deputy Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister, reiterated this claim. It's more than interesting that in his public statement, Saddam Hussein never claims to be disarmed. On the contrary, he threatens a degree of destruction of his enemies, which implies his position of mighty weapons.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.95551
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.953
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.2296667323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
1.1638855562
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.237946678
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.2284030896
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0675998104
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0082305509
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0082168037
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0049720653
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0028000717
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0019507999
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0017632128
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.3
Gunning-Fog Score
12.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31

Michael Butler

It is essential to recognize that the claim made by Saddam's representatives that Iraq has no weapons of mass destruction is false. Everyone concerned, from Iraq's neighbors to the U.N. Security Council to the Secretary General of the United Nations, with whom Iraq is currently negotiating on the issue, everyone, simply, Mr. Chairman, is being lied to.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.735
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2057852456
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1772874268
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1303606899
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0713040645
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0388167333
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0031751915
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0013818619
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008146247
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0006356464
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003464972
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001242968
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.2
Gunning-Fog Score
10.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Michael Butler

It is now over 10 years since Iraq was instructed by the U.N. Security Council to cooperate with action to, and I quote, "destroy, remove, and render harmless," its weapons of mass destruction. Those weapons were specified by the Council as these -- all nuclear, chemical, biological weapons, and the means to make them, and missiles with a range exceeding 160 kilometers. The Security Council's instruction to Iraq was binding under international law. And all other states were equally bound by law not to give Iraq any assistance in WMD, weapons of mass destruction.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.76214
VADER
-0.949
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0854863902
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0356137491
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0142024714
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0124194805
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0039187937
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0036659323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0017562817
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003425963
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.00032664
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001904601
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.2087E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
55
Gunning-Fog Score
12.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Michael Butler

From the beginning, Mr. Chairman, Iraq refused to obey the law. Instead, it actively sought to defeat the application of the law in order to preserve its weapons of mass destruction capability. The work of UNSCOM, the body created by the Security Council to take away Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, had varying degrees of success. But, above all -- above all -- it was not permitted to finish the job, and almost 4 years have now passed since Iraq terminated UNSCOM's work. And in that period, Iraq has been free of any inspection and monitoring of its WMD programs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.63599
VADER
-0.691
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.1487717149
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.060045108
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0220788585
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0105974563
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0077499222
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0021856709
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000445345
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000109439
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.18726E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.64569E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.042E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
55.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
11.7
Automated Readability Index
8.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
35

Michael Butler

Now, I've given this briefest of recollection of that history because, Mr. Chairman, I put to you and your colleagues it shows two key things. One, Iraq remains in breach of international law. Two, it has been determined to maintain a weapons-of-mass-destruction capability at all costs. Now, we need to know, as far as we can, what the capability it today.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.20067
VADER
0.34
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0481524447
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0441365672
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0154497233
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0063528671
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0032780794
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0031713997
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003414036
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.62553E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.62582E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.16249E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.9021E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.9
Gunning-Fog Score
10.1
Coleman-Liau Index
9.9
SMOG Index
10.5
Automated Readability Index
5.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.3
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20

Michael Butler

First of all, nuclear weapons, although, sitting on my left here, Dr. Hamza is far more expert than I am in that field, but I'll say quickly what I believe is the case. Saddam has sought nuclear weapons for two decades. Ten years ago, he intensified his efforts in a so-called crash program. The gulf war put an end to this. Subsequent inspection and analysis by the International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] and UNSCOM showed that in spite of relatively deficient indigenous sources of uranium, Saddam's program was, in fact, when stopped, as close as 6 months away from making a crude nuclear explosive device. Of the three components necessary for a nuclear weapon -- materials, equipment, and knowledge -- Iraq has the latter two. On the relevant equipment and components, Iraq actually refused to yield them to the IAEA and UNSCOM inspectors.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.26826
VADER
-0.984
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.3892530464
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.6540977862
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.480698701
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0370645168
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0180539209
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0131913243
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0064888853
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.00152911
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004703111
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002837146
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001958584
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.9
Gunning-Fog Score
12.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
53
Sprache Difficult Word Count
52

Michael Butler

The key question now is, has Iraq acquired the essential fissionable material, either by enriching indigenous sources or by obtaining it from external sources? And I don't know the answer. And I will say, throughout my remarks, Mr. Chairman, what I don't know as well as what I think is the case. I don't know the answer to that. It is possible that intelligence authorities in the West and Russia -- and you all know why I mention Russia, in particular -- may know the answer to that question.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.417
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.8198537864
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3377723042
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.3113297047
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1860018005
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.047074724
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0076219985
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0059597198
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0038694041
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0010244874
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009061399
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001286712
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65.7
Gunning-Fog Score
10.9
Coleman-Liau Index
10.4
SMOG Index
11
Automated Readability Index
6.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22

Michael Butler

But what there is now is evidence that Saddam has reinvigorated his nuclear weapons program in the inspection- free years. And over 2 years ago, the IAEA estimate was that if he started work again on a nuclear weapon, he could build one in about 2 years.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.273
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Harassment
3.5729691386
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.9171252139
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0838632463
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0667451881
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0372127543
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0124108032
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0050800852
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0036981695
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0023177992
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0012401842
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002526674
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.6
Gunning-Fog Score
12.8
Coleman-Liau Index
9.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11

Michael Butler

Now I turn to chemical weapons. Saddam's involvement with chemical weapons also spans some 20 years. He used them in the Iran-Iraq war in the mid 1980s and on Iraqis in the north who challenged his rule in 1998. UNSCOM identified an array of chemical-weapons agents manufactured by Iraq. This included the most toxic of them, VX. Iraq's chemical weapons program was extensive, and UNSCOM was able to destroy or otherwise account for a substantial portion of it, of its holdings of weapons and its manufacturing capability. But, Mr. Chairman, not all of it.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.20067
VADER
-0.956
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
1.5549194999
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
1.0292715393
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.3044994781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0282002322
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0216590488
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0048385031
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0026247024
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0024675419
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0010870104
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0007270485
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002845897
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.8
Gunning-Fog Score
10.2
Coleman-Liau Index
10.9
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Michael Butler

It was particularly significant that following UNSCOM's discovery of Iraq's VX program and the fact that Iraq had loaded it into missile warheads together with other chemical and biological agents, it was particularly significant that Iraq then strengthened, in 1998, its determination to bring UNSCOM's work to an end.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.824
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0677472737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.029156846
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0279895903
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0219855254
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0053113406
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0019575742
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0017330354
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002946499
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001776766
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001161184
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.01184E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17

Michael Butler

Now I turn to biological weapons. Iraq also maintained an extensive biological weapons program with an array of BW agents. Its attempts to conceal this program were most elaborate, implying that BW, biological weapons, are, in fact, particularly important to Saddam. I often thought that there was a relationship here. The extent of their attempts to prevent us from finding something demonstrated the degree of importance of it. And if that rule applies, BW is very important to Saddam.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
-0.454
Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0182252392
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0168278319
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0050861592
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0029831774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0027268756
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0023246615
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0014364411
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0011280124
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000789161
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.57164E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.77372E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.8
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Michael Butler

Iraq weaponized BW -- for example, it loaded anthrax into missile warheads and continually researched new means of delivery -- spraying devices, pilotless aircraft. UNSCOM's absolutely refusal to accept the transparently false Iraq claims about its -- what it called its "primitive, failed, unimportant" BW program -- and UNSCOM's examination of the possibility that Iraq had tested BW on humans. These also contributed to Iraq's resolve in 1998 to terminate UNSCOM's work.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.028
Neutral
Moderation
Sexual
0.0147832543
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0063168445
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0039483417
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0033047596
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0012290354
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0006663745
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0005945379
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004376465
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0003588598
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002469046
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.14943E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
19.6
Gunning-Fog Score
18.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
39
Sprache Difficult Word Count
35

Michael Butler

Finally, missiles. Iraq's main prescribed ballistic missile was the Scuds it had imported from the USSR. It also sought to clone those indigenously and continuously sought to develop other medium- and long-range missiles. UNSCOM's accounting of Iraq's Scuds was reasonably complete. A good portion of them had been fired or destroyed during the gulf war. But the disposition of a number of them, possibly as many as 20, was never unambiguously established.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8873
VADER
-0.818
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1856442075
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0817844761
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0146866587
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0084441432
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0035689965
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0016154208
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0012815504
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001711274
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001081445
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.66737E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
5.86409E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.8
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.7
Automated Readability Index
8.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Michael Butler

In addition, Iraq was working, while UNSCOM was still in Iraq, on the further development of a missile capability which would breach the 160-kilometer range limit. I asked them to stop that work, but the general in charge of it categorically refused.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.58779
VADER
-0.527
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.621099934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
1.2078442611
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3651533974
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1563068246
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0221173323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0174904184
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.003408116
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0021750559
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003069629
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001499949
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.4899E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
45.3
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17

Michael Butler

And there was another issue in the missile field which also contributed to Iraq shutting us down in 1998. I had asked Iraq to yield to us 500 tons of fuel that would only fire a SCUD engine, and they refused.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.557
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0246401469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0069092181
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0034851499
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0032251271
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0012387185
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004689975
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001715653
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
6.50333E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.44715E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.54045E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.52797E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
74.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.1
Coleman-Liau Index
6.9
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Michael Butler

Now, what do I derive from this SITREP, Mr. Chairman? Quickly, six main points. We do not know, and never have known fully, the quantity and quality of Iraq's WMD. Its policies of concealment ensured that this was the case. Two, we do know that it has had such weapons, has used them, and remains at work on them. Three, what it has been able to further achieve in the 4-years without inspection is not clear, in precise terms. That is the inner logic of inspections. You cannot see what you are not permitted to look at. Fourth, Saddam Hussein knows what he is working on, he always had, and the assets he holds in the WMD field. His refusal to allow inspections to resume has nothing to do with notions of Iraqi sovereignty. It is designed to prevent the discovery of and to protect his weapons-of-mass-destruction program. Next, intelligence agencies might know more than they are able to say in public. Certainly what has been published of defector and intelligence reports confirms that during the past 4 years Iraq has been hard at work across the board to increase its WMD capability.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.41369
VADER
0.819
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0469833816
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0409589935
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0275204598
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.001428154
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0011517333
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0004333294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003935555
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003520977
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001918459
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.3711E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.4757E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
70.6
Gunning-Fog Score
9.5
Coleman-Liau Index
10
SMOG Index
10.1
Automated Readability Index
6.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
47
Sprache Difficult Word Count
56

Michael Butler

And, finally, there are a number of deeply disturbing possibilities within Saddam's WMD program, which need urgent attention, but especially these. Has he acquired a nuclear weapons capability by purchasing it from Soviet stock? I think that's an important question. And, second, is he working in the BW field on smallpox, ebola, and plague?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.25131
VADER
-0.578
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
4.033556208
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2480056835
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0517871871
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0507883378
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0309936033
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0093336828
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0012962264
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0009032403
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002542924
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001013839
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.20883E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49
Gunning-Fog Score
12.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Michael Butler

Now, there is a question as to why does Saddam want these diabolical weapons? Why has he defended them at such great cost to the Iraqi people? In many respects, Mr. Chairman, he's told us himself in his various outbursts. They make him strong. They help him stay in power at home. They help him fight what he thinks -- his enemies outside Iraq.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.794
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.223161513
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0348008733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0281349494
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0079138721
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0040558782
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0037362235
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018535373
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005072284
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.06145E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.34088E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.2169E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
80.9
Gunning-Fog Score
6.1
Coleman-Liau Index
9.2
SMOG Index
8.1
Automated Readability Index
3.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.2
Sprache Readability Score
2.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Michael Butler

But, even more disturbing than those so-called goals and his view of the world is his apparently cataclysmic mentality. He surely must know that, especially following September 11, any use by him, and, indeed, any threat of use of WMD against the United States or possibly its allies, would bring a terrible response. It would be intelligent for him to now recognize that his WMD capability is an insupportable liability for him and his regime. Yet, Mr. Chairman, he shows no sign of such intelligent judgment. And this is perhaps the ultimate pathology of the man.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.26826
VADER
-0.332
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.8945528194
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0894858618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0693002425
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0256635249
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0127529012
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0072556555
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0045664248
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0039934916
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0012831904
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000336292
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.98356E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.6
Gunning-Fog Score
13.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30

Michael Butler

Will he make his WMD available to terrorist groups? Again, I don't know. We do know that Iraq has trained terrorists from around the region and has mounted terrorist actions of its own as far afield as in Southeast Asia. I have a personal experience of that. But I have seen no evidence of Iraq providing WMD, as such, to non-Iraqi terrorist groups. I suspect that, especially given his psychology and aspirations, Saddam would be reluctant to share with others what he believes to be an indelible source of his own power.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.335
VADER
-0.973
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.1083572744
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1062853029
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0791924249
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0164006298
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0121572491
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006345059
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004619422
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.9829E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.36207E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.26443E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.762E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.1
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Michael Butler

On the elemental question, therefore, the one put to me, Saddam and weapons of mass destruction -- that is, does he have them, et cetera -- what's the state of affairs contrary to his assertions that he has none? In addition to what I've put to you, I would refer this committee to the traditional test of whether or not a person can be judged to have committed a crime, and this is, did the accused have the motive, the means, and the opportunity? And, Mr. Chairman, Saddam plainly has all three and has demonstrated this fact.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.83
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
1.7351420596
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.5194239784
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.171793811
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0449556188
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0158745926
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0020398091
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009057867
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005797551
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001710604
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.30491E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.17709E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.8
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
9.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
27
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31

Michael Butler

What should be done? I was told that's not my issue for this morning.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.1888315077
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.070599874
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0471605512
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0314920064
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0190901425
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0053203385
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0015093151
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006561416
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.89872E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.3203E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.5487E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
2.8
Coleman-Liau Index
6.5
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
1.5
Sprache Readability Score
1.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
1
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1

Joe Biden

Well, we would welcome your input.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.625
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.8018450812
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.3508893307
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0801823044
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0503960415
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0295935955
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0040315572
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0038514165
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0012140522
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005127725
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002720868
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.72168E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
2.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
87.9
Gunning-Fog Score
2.4
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
2.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.9
Sprache Readability Score
1.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
1
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Michael Butler

Well, clearly an ideal situation would be the resumption of arms control in Iraq -- inspections and serious arms control -- but, Mr. Chairman, not if that means the shell game -- phony inspections, more deceit, more concealment. That would, in fact, I suggest, be deeply dangerous, providing an illusion of security.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
-0.525
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.0047439486
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0365476037
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0309161085
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0203089759
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0100552024
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0012354105
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0004043738
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001315249
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.9903E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.863E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.46E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47
Gunning-Fog Score
14.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Michael Butler

So if the decision has to be taken to remove Saddam, then I'd just say this. Do it for the right reasons. As you have pointed out, Mr. Chairman, have this debate and make clear to the world what this is about. It is about weapons of mass destruction, but please do not leave out Saddam's hideous record, in terms of human-rights violations -- he should be on trial in The Hague alongside Milosevic -- and, second, the fundamental violation by his regime of international law, something which trashes the system of international law and harms us all.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.26826
VADER
-0.928
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1412445214
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0592674071
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0231266196
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0083601204
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0079461774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0026141559
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0026086598
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007743079
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003716152
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001916
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.83178E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
61.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.9
Coleman-Liau Index
10.4
SMOG Index
11.7
Automated Readability Index
9.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
25
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30

Michael Butler

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.8591981605
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0967151776
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0719963107
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0379275909
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0245705392
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0023290397
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0017515147
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004239729
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.82077E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.70808E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.45585E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
99.1
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Note

[The prepared statement of Ambassador Butler follows:] Prepared Statement of Ambassador Richard Butler, Former Executive Chairman of UNSCOM, Diplomat in Residence, Council on Foreign Relations Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction Iraq's stated position is that it has no weapons of mass destruction (WMD). As recently as last week, two senior Iraqi officials -- the Deputy Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister -- reiterated this claim.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.20067
VADER
-0.926
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0978087657
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0058165107
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0049365884
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0024933801
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0019277988
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000689584
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003604179
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001225038
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.4744E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.4037E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.2313E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
19.1
Gunning-Fog Score
15.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31

Michael Butler

It is more than interesting that in his public statements, Saddam Hussein never claims to be disarmed. On the contrary, he threatens a degree of destruction of his enemies which implies his possession of mighty weapons.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.78846
VADER
-0.856
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1064977958
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0589629868
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0094851646
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0042419793
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.004121719
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0033813045
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002498355
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001010397
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.31628E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.32803E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.3797E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.9
Gunning-Fog Score
12.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Michael Butler

It is essential to recognize that the claim made by Saddam's representatives, that Iraq has no WMD, is false. Everyone concerned, from Iraq's neighbors to the UN Security Council and the Secretary- General of the UN, with whom Iraq is currently negotiating on the issue, is being lied to.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
-0.34
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.3257559389
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1787292538
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0838335953
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0134703208
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0026601905
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0020060264
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0018048515
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0016718695
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002290067
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001365543
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001118657
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.1
Gunning-Fog Score
14.7
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22

Michael Butler

It is now over ten years since Iraq was instructed by the UN Security Council to cooperate with action to "destroy, remove, or render harmless" its weapons of mass destruction. Those weapons were specified by the Council as: all nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons; the means to make them; and missiles with a range exceeding a hundred and sixty kilometers.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
-0.91
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.1209407821
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2972188173
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.2427354921
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0491989602
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0318212726
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.016901143
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0051999301
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0037688562
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0010511863
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0005224972
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004467897
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
38.2
Gunning-Fog Score
17.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Michael Butler

The Security Council's instruction to Iraq was binding under international law. All other states were, equally, bound by that law to deny Iraq any assistance or cooperation in the field of WMD.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.5737472326
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.2782524098
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2309007104
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0674432144
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0461290911
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0115808311
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0022913386
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0015780995
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004022588
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001927298
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.78971E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.5
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Michael Butler

From the beginning, Iraq refused to obey the law. Instead, it actively sought to defeat its application in order to preserve its WMD capability.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
-0.44
Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.183142547
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0192010979
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0178425194
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0098792494
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0018592342
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0015018272
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.00114427
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0010963627
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001451699
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.75016E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.4247E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.1
Gunning-Fog Score
13.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Michael Butler

The work of UNSCOM, the body created by the Security Council to implement its decisions on Iraq's WMD, had varying degrees of success. But, above all, it was not permitted to finish the job. Almost four years ago the Iraqi's terminated its work. Iraq has been free of inspection or monitoring since then.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0.886
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.4400976002
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0887116184
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0808461045
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0088118373
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0045259323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0035504851
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0013962785
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0010831836
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003194674
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001949574
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000146
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.7
Gunning-Fog Score
9.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.1
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
6.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Michael Butler

This briefest of recollections of relevant background history reveals two salient facts: Iraq remains in breach of the law; it has been determined to maintain a WMD capability.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.542
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
6.6623933613
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
2.7970898896
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1560609788
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1126152696
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0718774972
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.015018713
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0022492188
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0006712071
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000564022
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004780214
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002716893
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Michael Butler

We need to know as far as is possible, Iraq's current WMD status. nuclear weapons
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.44
Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.1828549206
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3064665478
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2284924034
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0735975977
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0257896958
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0133530993
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0052648458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0014962135
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0006342422
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001901717
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.27186E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
75.1
Gunning-Fog Score
5.7
Coleman-Liau Index
9.3
SMOG Index
7.3
Automated Readability Index
2.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
2.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
7

Michael Butler

Saddam has sought nuclear weapons for some two decades. Ten years ago he intensified his efforts, instituting a "crash program." The Gulf War put an end to this. Subsequent inspection and analysis by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and UNSCOM, showed that in spite of relatively deficient indigenous sources of the fissionable material needed to make a nuclear weapon, Saddam's program was as close as six months from yielding a bomb.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.945
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.4288880154
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.169822108
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0667291286
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0317836442
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0088476467
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0043056527
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0023990633
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0023258057
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0011945705
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0007870768
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0007633051
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37
Gunning-Fog Score
12.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Michael Butler

Of the three components necessary for the fabrication of a nuclear explosive device: materials, equipment, knowledge; Iraq has the latter two. On the relevant equipment/components, Iraq refused to yield them to the inspectors.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.33647
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1260408317
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0434025802
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0247717981
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0182659147
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0066297624
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0020751026
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0015699008
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0014053185
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.6905E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.205E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.64E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.8
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Michael Butler

The key question now is has Iraq acquired the essential fissionable material either by enriching indigenous sources or by obtaining it from external sources?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.1691929414
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0917314785
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0291307282
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0243916787
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0052719897
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0045280656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0021481956
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001795718
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001716031
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001307992
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.8557E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
13.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11

Michael Butler

I don't know the answer. It is possible that intelligence authorities, in the West and/or Russia do. But, there is evidence that Saddam has reinvigorated his nuclear weapons program in the inspection- free years.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.751
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0889782852
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0675044023
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0487633049
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0317980448
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0108121189
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0075682081
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0025580659
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0007893696
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003062483
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001921763
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.39684E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
7.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Michael Butler

Over two years ago, the IAEA estimate was that if he started work again, Saddam could build a nuclear weapon in about two years. chemical weapons (cw)
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.625
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2989398781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1155991573
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0991644803
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0211843348
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.019863616
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0121765195
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0031089254
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0021791066
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005446089
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005336868
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001755933
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
61.5
Gunning-Fog Score
8.4
Coleman-Liau Index
10.1
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
6.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
2.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8

Michael Butler

Saddam's involvement with chemical weapons also spans some twenty years. He used them in the Iran-Iraq war in the mid-eighties and on Iraqi's who challenged his rule, in 1988.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
-0.802
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
1.9990621135
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.4862986971
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0216590081
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0083020779
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0073770723
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0010052492
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004582814
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002962209
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001326541
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.30891E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.54784E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
68.3
Gunning-Fog Score
8.8
Coleman-Liau Index
10
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
3.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Michael Butler

UNSCOM identified an array of CW agents manufactured by Iraq. This included the most toxic of them -- VX. Iraq's CW program was extensive. UNSCOM was able to destroy or otherwise account for a substantial portion of Iraq's CW holdings and manufacturing capability. But, not all of it.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
-0.402
Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.8853776157
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
1.285445597
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1293370384
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1241329126
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0692096655
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0124384183
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0038479036
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0023541032
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0011947675
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0006159886
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001266816
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.9
Gunning-Fog Score
10.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.5
Automated Readability Index
6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21

Michael Butler

It was particularly significant that following UNSCOM's discovery of Iraq's VX program and the fact that Iraq had loaded it and other CW and BW agents into missile warheads, Iraq strengthened its determination to remove UNSCOM from Iraq. biological weapons (bw)
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.567
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
10.2611675858
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.8149439469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1260894584
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0296106096
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.002304931
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0016813254
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0013137727
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001097978
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.75965E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.66852E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.49714E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.1
Gunning-Fog Score
14.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21

Michael Butler

Iraq also maintained an extensive BW program with an array of BW agents. Its attempts to conceal this program were the most elaborate, implying that BW were particularly important to Saddam.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.265
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
7.6437301934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
1.3078758493
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2744061407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.2116509946
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0080270969
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0039832488
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0018726996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.001669015
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.1027E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.3522E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.3189E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.5
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
10.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Michael Butler

Iraq weaponized BW. For example, it loaded anthrax into missile warheads and continually researched new means of delivery: spraying devices; pilotless aircraft.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
1.9716132432
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.3615243593
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0669595494
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0060073307
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.001227392
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.000430431
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003671748
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002330578
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000187029
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001014189
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.39819E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
14.9
Gunning-Fog Score
17.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
3.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Michael Butler

UNSCOM's absolute refusal to accept the transparently false Iraqi claims about its "primitive, failed and unimportant" BW program and its examination of the possibility that Iraq had tested BW on humans also contributed to Iraq's resolve, in 1998, to terminate UNSCOM's work. missiles
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.103
Leans Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.4667397123
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1293093315
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0279864413
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0214277607
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0101681791
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0007335206
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0006224323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005030974
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000391353
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002583703
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001962294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
23.7
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Michael Butler

Iraq's main proscribed ballistic missile was the Scuds it had imported from the USSR. It also sought to clone those indigenously and continually sought to develop other medium- and long-range missiles.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
1.1409493163
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1392162521
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0642220781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0256119965
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0162098964
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0075934367
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0011809034
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0008482702
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0007350492
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004896262
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001115955
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.8
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Michael Butler

UNSCOM's accounting of Iraq's Scuds was reasonably complete: a good portion of them had been fired or destroyed during the Gulf War. But the disposition of a number of them, possibly as many as 20, was never unambiguously established.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
-0.818
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual > Minors
0.0263096037
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0164204248
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0158126379
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0106061299
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0059827253
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.003327732
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0028634222
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005957837
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004058787
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001254546
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.90826E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46
Gunning-Fog Score
14
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Michael Butler

In addition, Iraq was working, while UNSCOM was still in Iraq, on the further development of a missile capability which would breach the 160 kilometer range limit. I asked them to stop that work. They refused.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
-0.527
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.4637373146
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1767658978
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0723802019
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0189547456
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0068943569
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0064143322
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0060957504
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008993655
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002116545
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001935598
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001732642
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
63.1
Gunning-Fog Score
10.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
10.6
Automated Readability Index
6.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Michael Butler

There was another issue in the missile field which also contributed to Iraq shutting down UNSCOM in 1998. I asked Iraq to yield some 500 tonnes of fuel which would only drive SCUD engines. It refused.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
7.7784486115
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
1.774796471
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.550452387
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0505931326
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0054385542
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.001832429
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0009467831
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002118934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.63233E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.12097E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.0452E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
77.2
Gunning-Fog Score
8.1
Coleman-Liau Index
9.5
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
4.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Michael Butler

It is very important to make the following points: We do not know and never have known fully the quantity and quality of Iraq's WMD. Its policies of concealment ensured this. We do know that it has had such weapons, has used them, remains at work on them. What it has been able to further achieve in the four years without inspection is not clear, in precise terms. That is the inner logic of inspections -- you cannot see what you are not permitted to look at. Saddam Hussein knows what he is working on and the assets he holds in the WMD field. His refusal to allow inspections to resume has nothing to do with notions of Iraqi sovereignty. It is designed to prevent the discovery of and to protect, his WMD program. Intelligence agencies might know more than they are able to say in public. Certainly what has been published of defector and intelligence reports confirms that, during the past four years, Iraq has been hard at work, across the board, to increase its WMD capability. There are a number of deeply disturbing possibilities within Saddam's WMD program which need urgent attention, but especially these: has he acquired a nuclear weapons capability by purchasing it from former Soviet stock; is he working, in the BW field, on smallpox, plague, ebola? Why is Saddam so deeply attached to these diabolical weapons and defended this attachment at massive cost to Iraq and its people?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.51515
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.51515
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
-0.67
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0036694961
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0035000579
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0016616095
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0016158692
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0010387396
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0006806232
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0002716157
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002221759
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001350024
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
8.8097E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
6.734E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
55
Gunning-Fog Score
13
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
69
Sprache Difficult Word Count
72

Michael Butler

In many respects he has told us himself, in his various public outbursts. They make him strong against enemies within and without Iraq. They support his posturing to lead the Arab world against its enemies.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
-0.318
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0500901777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.002040459
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0020208226
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0017664155
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0012040727
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005998155
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003055642
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002506569
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001799145
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001425733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.8216E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62.1
Gunning-Fog Score
9.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9.9
Automated Readability Index
7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
2.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9

Michael Butler

Even more disturbing than Saddam's goals and view of the world, is his apparently cataclysmic mentality. He surely must know that, especially following September 11, any use by him and indeed any threat of use of WMD against the United States, or possibly its allies, would bring a terrible response.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
-0.656
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0800725014
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.043142683
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0035535777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0033335349
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0020603627
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0010165992
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0007866049
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0007323218
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000360286
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001538854
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.0461E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41
Gunning-Fog Score
17.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Michael Butler

It would be intelligent for him to now recognize that his WMD capability is an insupportable liability for him and his regime. Yet, he shows no sign of doing so. This is perhaps the ultimate pathology of the man.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.012484238
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0036486468
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0027781522
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005092695
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003774226
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0001534622
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.53165E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
8.2546E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.1444E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.689E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.08E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57
Gunning-Fog Score
12.4
Coleman-Liau Index
9.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
5.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.7
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10

Michael Butler

Will he make his WMD available to terrorist groups?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
-0.691
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
3.5962298512
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.3940633032
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.248036813
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0242693801
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0230612684
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0149523839
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0011156207
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005339637
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005252049
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002908541
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.65839E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.1
Gunning-Fog Score
12.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11.7
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
5.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
3

Michael Butler

I don't know. We do know that Iraq has trained terrorists from around the region and has mounted terrorist actions of its own, as far afield as in South East Asia. But I have seen no evidence of Iraq providing WMD to non-Iraqi terrorist groups.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.3979
VADER
-0.949
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
4.9611251801
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
2.2058036178
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.9941096418
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0317006983
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0312664401
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0138477859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0129153093
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0015949407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007564086
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005725577
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.77744E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
69.9
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
6.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Michael Butler

I suspect that, especially given his psychology and aspirations, Saddam would be reluctant to share what he believes to be an indelible source of his power.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.5895074457
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1749434741
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1229377813
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0168570274
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0101354686
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0021611491
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009203585
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004002528
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002015243
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.99571E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.73222E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34
Gunning-Fog Score
18.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11

Michael Butler

On the elemental question of whether, contrary to assertions authorized by him, Saddam possesses WMD, I would refer to the traditional test of whether or not a person can be judged to have committed a crime: did the accused have the motive, means, and opportunity? Saddam plainly has had and continues to have, all three.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.202
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0220725851
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0203705698
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0134979899
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0029580555
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0013698366
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001210664
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.75286E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.01809E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.523E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.1287E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.664E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Michael Butler

What should be concluded from these facts?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
1.3500796631
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.5298184231
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1466039452
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0933003495
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0404372608
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0337189296
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0053414664
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0023407252
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0013223718
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002541408
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001640389
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
2.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
91
Gunning-Fog Score
8.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
5.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.6
Sprache Readability Score
1.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
1
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1

Michael Butler

The resumption of arms control in Iraq is urgently required. But, it would have to be serious. If Iraq again refused to cooperate, then to pursue compromised inspections would be dangerous. If it is decided to take military action against Saddam it will be crucial for it to be for the right reasons. There are, in fact, three: Saddam's flagrant violation of human rights; his continuing refusal to comply with international law as expressed in binding decisions of the Security Council; and, his violation of arms control obligations and treaties.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.83321
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.47957
VADER
-0.863
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1539809513
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1316594775
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0339837687
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0104173494
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0092464586
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008081796
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003919114
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.000283025
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
8.14959E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.28756E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.6682E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.8
Gunning-Fog Score
14.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34

Joe Biden

Thank you. I particularly agree with your last point. I have been pushing for 8 months that he should be indicted as a war criminal. Even if we cannot get him, he should be indicted as a war criminal so the world understands.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.99853
VADER
-0.884
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.3014062298
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1576807932
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0740758958
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0144832549
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0141805911
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0124668455
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0066657958
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.00192548
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0017632196
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0015131081
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003972335
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
77.9
Gunning-Fog Score
9.9
Coleman-Liau Index
8.4
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
3.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.7
Sprache Readability Score
2.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
7

Joe Biden

Doctor, welcome.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.459
Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.6822701078
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1284179045
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0653379189
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0416717492
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0108632543
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0069288537
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.00588681
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0012951539
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004288372
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003463561
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001097615
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.6
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
10.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.1
Sprache Readability Score
1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1

Dr Hamza

Thank you.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.9442589246
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3875083523
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1300071133
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0897008984
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0587374438
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0095737276
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0043202286
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0034379653
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0028271879
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0016363218
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004761664
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
7.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.1
Sprache Readability Score
0.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Joe Biden

The floor is yours.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
6.116463244
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.2119618934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0944480416
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0888948503
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0453055894
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0112180598
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0024493162
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005327872
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003278887
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002738321
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001835279
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
1.6
Coleman-Liau Index
6.2
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.2
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Joe Biden

STATEMENT OF DR. KHIDHIR HAMZA, FORMER IRAQI NUCLEAR PHYSICIST; PRESIDENT, COUNCIL ON MIDDLE EASTERN AFFAIRS, NEW YORK, NY
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
2.7800254524
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
2.1349197254
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1732088509
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1593200606
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0816319429
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0079523328
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0025181484
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0017226019
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0012842432
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003602973
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002223173
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.3
Gunning-Fog Score
3.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
2.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Dr Hamza

Mr. Chairman, distinguished members, yesterday Saddam met members of the Atomic Energy Organization addressing then as what he calls mujaheddin. That is people who exert extreme effort and may sacrifice themselves for their work. And this is what he had to say yesterday. "The Americans and British say that if Iraq is left to its own means, it might make such and such weapons." He didn't name them, but it's clear what he meant. "They mean to harm us." "It is to prevent any Arab or Muslim from progress." He calls it progress. "This is the evil program of the West, and especially the Americans assisted by Zionism and their supporters." It is clear now, at this critical juncture, that at his meeting with Atomic Energy exhorting them to do their "national duty" -- we see Saddam back at his own old games of trying to create at least the impression that he is a dangerous man and a menace and should not be trifled with.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.25131
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.47368
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.47368
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.9694
VADER
0.485
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1473848242
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.026054043
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0224913965
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0149811269
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0114554139
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0033361426
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0025152754
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.001162764
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004289206
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002655984
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001845042
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66
Gunning-Fog Score
9.4
Coleman-Liau Index
10.2
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
6.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
42
Sprache Difficult Word Count
44

Dr Hamza

The last meetings of the Iraqi delegation with the U.N.- relevant personnel on resuming inspections in Iraq, the Iraqi Government decided, after they failed to make the U.N. agree to their terms of getting the inspectors back, they wanted some concessions. They declared that the inspector's job is to disarm Iraq and leave it defenseless against American strikes since the Americans will never remove sanctions. So the whole game they thought the inspectors are charged with is to disarm Iraq. Since the inspectors are charged only with dismantling weapons of mass destruction and their facilities, this was an admission that Iraq may possess these weapons and also an implied threat that, facing an invasion, it might use them.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.125
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.125
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.23639
VADER
-0.966
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0206129407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0158617157
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0092277231
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.003159991
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0013667715
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007994653
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0004464277
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.31017E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.9931E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.6112E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.474E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52
Gunning-Fog Score
12
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
38
Sprache Difficult Word Count
36

Dr Hamza

If we go back to the Iraqi weapons of mass destruction, Iraq built its own weapons of mass destruction in technologies indigenously with some foreign help. It understood that its main assets were not the equipment but the scientists and engineers that makes these weapons. Thus Saddam's government kept a tight lid on its science and engineering military teams at the same time it allowed UNSCOM and IAEA to demolish some of its weapon production sites.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.36772
VADER
-0.901
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
1.8599588424
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.2819065005
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1074463362
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0217225635
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0108146975
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0060005292
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0033549473
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0006976001
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002564508
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001523512
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.06264E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.4
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
25
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Dr Hamza

That these science and engineering teams were capable of rebuilding the program was made manifestly clear in the aftermath of the gulf war. Within less than a year, these teams rebuilt successfully most of Iraq's services infrastructure. This included rebuilding power stations, major telephone exchanges, and oil refineries.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
0.542
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.4768476356
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3607630497
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0698936405
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0515610853
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0215618376
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0059573453
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002988456
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000229932
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.18452E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.74562E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.34247E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39
Gunning-Fog Score
17.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22

Dr Hamza

Elated by their success, Saddam kept these teams as contracting entities to the government for the civilian sector with a much-reduced load and assigned them the rebuilding of the needed facilities for the nuclear and other weapons-of- mass-destruction programs. This provided them with a cover as civilian contractors with the actual work to prove it. But, at the same time, their weapons-of-mass-destruction work continued unhindered.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
0.836
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.1533176526
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.222439738
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0308062736
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0112950314
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0038152521
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0011501834
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0006753331
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004571857
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002977429
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001164083
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.25501E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.4
Gunning-Fog Score
17.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24

Dr Hamza

Thus, the computer we used for the nuclear-weapon design is now located in a hospital in Saddam City at the outskirts of Baghdad. If an inspector should arrive at the site, he or she will be shown contracts for the civilian sector. The only indication that things are not what they seem is that it is headed by a man who worked extensively on the Iraqi nuclear- weapon design and that most of his staff are former workers in the nuclear weapon program.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
-0.527
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.5405571777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0738703005
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0700756907
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.050746894
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0109954854
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0103895611
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0063256579
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0007045467
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005785885
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000285887
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001610832
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.5
Gunning-Fog Score
14.5
Coleman-Liau Index
9.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
25
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Dr Hamza

Legally, and according to the current mandate of UNMOVIC, the U.N. inspection body, the burden is on the inspectors to prove otherwise. Thus, Saddam has managed, from the experience of the last 11 years, to create the perfect cover. In effect, it turned the whole Iraq science and engineering enterprise into a giant weapon-making body. And since they do actually accomplish civilian tasks, the economic burden on the government is also reduced.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.69231
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.69231
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.52606
VADER
0.494
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.093555561
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0592649798
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0518206391
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0045029261
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0033355063
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0032965003
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0020503485
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004810768
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003705422
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.59127E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.0209E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31

Dr Hamza

Saddam valued his people more than equipment. And while he initially allowed the U.N. teams to destroy some of his equipment and facilities, Saddam kept tight control over his scientists and engineers. Thus defections were kept to a minimum. This was helped by well-publicized cases of defectors seeking help and were turned down. One of them got killed in Jordan by Iraqi agents while waiting for the U.S. Embassy to grant him an entry visa. Not a single high-level defector left the regime since the botched defection of Hussein Kamel, Saddam's son-in-law, to Jordan in 1995. This kept the information flow out of Iraq to a minimum, increasing the opacity of the WMD programs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.761
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.5322073586
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1450093463
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0588541152
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0460982759
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0318791514
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0040474592
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0009932535
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002406254
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.44095E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.9157E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.5982E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.6
Gunning-Fog Score
10
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
10.6
Automated Readability Index
5.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
41
Sprache Difficult Word Count
42

Dr Hamza

Iraq is well into CW production and may well be in the process of BW production. With more than 10 tons of uranium and 1 ton of slightly enriched uranium, according to German intelligence, it has in its possession, Iraq has enough to generate the needed bomb-grade uranium for three nuclear weapons by 2005.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.527
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
4.6718444675
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
1.3769393787
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.9903019294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1616028952
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0990366447
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0124404236
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0031625263
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0027060167
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.001985782
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0016946929
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001688533
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17.5
Coleman-Liau Index
10
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Dr Hamza

Iraq has corporations in India and other countries to import the needed equipment for its programs, then channel them through countries like Malaysia for shipment to Iraq. Germany already blacklisted some of these companies for violating sanctions imposed on Iraq.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.318
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Harassment
1.2659042142
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.3141161753
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.068164547
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0191970714
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0154427413
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0021450962
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002558163
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.11029E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.9933E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.572E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.8762E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
30
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15

Dr Hamza

Iraq is importing directional-control instruments for its missiles of much higher precision than those needed for the allowed 160 kilometer missiles under U.N. sanctions. Thus, Iraq is gearing to extend the range of its missiles to easily reach Israel.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.494
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.5988451187
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.4773020279
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.075505831
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0161632386
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0108802757
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008429493
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0007511209
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002235937
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.55486E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.71909E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.6996E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.9
Gunning-Fog Score
11.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
7.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18

Dr Hamza

The type of equipment imported indicate that Iraq is in the process of creating its own foundation for the production of needed materials, thus avoiding detection if these materials are on the watch list of exporting countries. Following this logic, Iraq is or will be able to produce its own growth media for the biological weapons program and many of the precursors for chemical weapon program. The same can be said for local uranium production from phosphates. This removes many limitations on production and allows Iraq to accelerate its own weapons programs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8873
VADER
-0.681
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
79.0043771267
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.3545826068
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2059466904
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.042632877
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0237768996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0014624953
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006435796
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004124131
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001934364
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001671342
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.5303E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.4
Gunning-Fog Score
17.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Dr Hamza

The inspection regime in Iraq had a mixed history. The International Atomic Energy Agency, the body charged with ensuring that nuclear facilities are not used for nuclear- weapons purposes, failed in its task with regards to Iraq before the gulf war. The International Atomic Energy Agency remains basically a weak organization beset by its international composition and multiple loyalties of its workers though within its sphere it has been quite successful in accounting for and keeping a tab on essential components of the nuclear fuel cycle, but it has limited leverage with the states and works best in a cooperative and amiable environment.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.29412
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.29412
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.57054
VADER
0.569
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.1593626104
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0398483477
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0072781564
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0059491649
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0032459513
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003755252
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003441639
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.21045E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.87776E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.01263E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.5386E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
14.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
43
Sprache Difficult Word Count
46

Dr Hamza

Against determined states such as Iraq, it is at a great disadvantage, thus it failed again after the gulf war when it declared early that it took care of basically all of Iraq's nuclear program. It took the defection of Kamel, Saddam's son- in-law, to force the Iraqi Government to declare the actual scope of its nuclear weapons program and forced the inspectors to start all over again in revealing what has not been declared before.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.36772
VADER
-0.823
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.2007240197
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0277549989
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.003691591
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0028795594
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0026109221
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0012902117
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000219224
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001183713
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.29247E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.3207E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.434E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26

Dr Hamza

We are talking about a two-stage process -- dismantling what is there and monitoring after -- so that it does not get rebuilt. With Iraq's aggressive behavior toward inspectors and the cat- and-mouse game it continuously plays with them, monitoring becomes problematic at best in the later stage of keeping Iraq disarmed. So even if some equipment are dismantled, getting them not to be rebuilt again will be problematic in any future program. Iraq could just at any time stop cooperating and it might be just too late to stop it from continuing its weapons program.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.758
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
34.7861856222
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.5294398405
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.4853198305
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0110507543
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0034879431
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0019977371
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005964085
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003840292
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001304148
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.98756E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.7898E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.6
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24

Dr Hamza

If the inspectors go back now, there is very little human intelligence that will help them locate the new weaponsites. Spread widely among the government infrastructure in smaller hard-to-detect units, the inspectors will have a hard time locating all the program's components. A recent defector with credible information asserted that all units are built with a backup. If one is detected or is in danger of discovery, all activity is immediately transferred to the backup facility.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
-0.223
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.248905737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1815748285
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0473705528
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.020355951
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0166594153
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.001457287
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0005426683
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003359504
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001948122
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001907921
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.000110444
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.5
Gunning-Fog Score
16.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Dr Hamza

The new UNMOVIC inspection body do not have the support and free hand UNSCOM enjoyed. With Russia and other states that favor removing sanctions, keeping the pressure, the onus now is on the inspectors to prove that Iraq is in violation. Not finding a smoking gun after a series of inspections is all that the Russians and the French need to declare that the United States has no case and sanctions must be lifted. The U.S. case will be considerably weakened, and more voices will rise against U.S.-Iraqi policy as baseless if the inspectors go in and find no smoking gun that Iraq is making weapons of mass destruction. This is a danger that must be carefully examined before inspection teams are allowed back in Iraq possibly to divert an invasion.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.37949
VADER
-0.794
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.5216823425
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0602266286
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.047201704
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0240237336
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0009222274
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005915133
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004553642
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002864044
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.20226E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.88021E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.62034E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.4
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.9
SMOG Index
11.8
Automated Readability Index
7.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
42
Sprache Difficult Word Count
43

Dr Hamza

Many voices declared that Iraq was not pursuing nuclear weapons before the gulf war. This included the IAEA, International Atomic Energy Agency, that declared Iraq clean in many statements. This happened even after the German publication, Der Spiegel, reported Iraq's successful attempt to acquire classified uranium centrifuge enrichment technology from Germany.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.644
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1579630189
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0947082008
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0882925524
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0849296164
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0182182543
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0021071388
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0009086227
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004400807
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001207386
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.79363E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.12402E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
13.7
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29

Dr Hamza

However, the United States knew better and used the gulf war setting as a way to dismantle Iraq's nuclear weapons program. But its dismantling process ignored the knowledge base acquired over the years that can be used easily to rebuild what was destroyed. A similar insistence on proof before taking serious action will be allowing Saddam to achieve his goals and challenge the U.S. interests again.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.25131
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.74721
VADER
-0.494
Negative
Moderation
Harassment
38.1756037474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.8264184929
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1461063279
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0290900149
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0157538379
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0050615363
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0042184813
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006585978
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003380406
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001434339
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001262296
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
54.3
Gunning-Fog Score
10.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Dr Hamza

With no large, easily distinguishable nuclear sites, and little or no human intelligence, it is difficult to see how any measure, short of a regime change, will be effective. Saddam is totally indifferent to the human suffering of his people. And with his threats of reprisals against the families of weapons- of-mass-destruction workers has managed to stop defections among his personnel despite the fact that a large number of Iraqis from other walks of life managed to escape. With a Soviet-style economy that's basically geared to war and its requirements, Iraq is currently the only Arab state that all Arab extremists look at as the future challenger to Israel and U.S. interests in the region. Thus, if Saddam makes it in the nuclear arena, he will be the region's undisputed leader in Arab eyes. It will then be much harder to agree on the needed concessions for a peace process, and a viable peace will be impossible to achieve under any terms.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.63599
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.48955
VADER
-0.358
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Violence
74.1730451584
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
35.966026783
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
32.2117596865
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
18.9135253429
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
17.255076766
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0906678033
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.03434635
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0041391922
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0027545355
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0012214648
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.89257E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.2
Gunning-Fog Score
14.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
53
Sprache Difficult Word Count
58

Dr Hamza

Saddam has used and will continue to use the Palestine issue to rally the Arabs around him as he did when he used the Arab leaders meeting in Baghdad to challenge the peace treaty of Egypt with Israel that President Sadat agreed to.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.71
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0245410891
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0069267859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0034562458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0032373388
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0012413875
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004682641
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001732044
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
6.47923E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.43044E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.54269E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.5223E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.3
Gunning-Fog Score
18.1
Coleman-Liau Index
10.1
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17

Dr Hamza

Saddam and terrorism: Saddam Hussein has a long history of involvement in international terrorism, from assassinations of Iraqis abroad in the 1970s and 1980s to support for radical anti-Western groups in the 1980s and 1990s to links with Islamic fundamentalists today. His track record speaks for itself.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.46634
VADER
-0.904
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0745156489
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0226485106
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0103789767
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0012247134
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0008931005
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002033451
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.24033E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.0179E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.2227E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.102E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.005E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
30.9
Gunning-Fog Score
16.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18

Dr Hamza

Always the opportunist, he has used the biannual Islamic conferences held in Baghdad since the 1980s as a recruiting ground for Islamic radicals from around the Muslim world. A former Iraqi intelligence officer now in Europe has described how he would dress as a cleric and approach Islamists from key countries to put on the Iraqi payroll for special operations. He was tasked -- that is, the intelligence officer -- to recruit Pakistanis, Indonesians, and Malaysians, while other officers concentrated on Palestinians and Arabs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.844
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.9907639585
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3236104734
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2712382469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0300560176
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0145348182
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0092210117
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.003675832
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0031304648
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003688393
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001751948
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.34985E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
23.3
Gunning-Fog Score
16.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29

Dr Hamza

We know from credible sources that Osama bin Laden was a frequent visitor to the Iraqi Embassy in Khartoum when bin Laden was a resident of the Sudanese capital until 1996. It is no coincidence that Khartoum is one of Iraq intelligence service's largest foreign station.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
2.011606656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.8786352351
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.4870060366
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2510652645
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.1451294054
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.1225952175
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1193535049
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0581533764
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0181647076
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0036003952
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018832428
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
36.4
Gunning-Fog Score
16.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Dr Hamza

It has also been confirmed that the Iraqi Ambassador in Turkey, Farouk Hijazi, traveled to Afghanistan and met bin Laden in December 1998. It is revealing to note that prior to being appointed Ambassador to Ankara, Hijazi was head of foreign operations for Iraqi Intelligence Service. Incidentally, the same Hijazi who was hurriedly pulled out of Ankara on September 29, 2001, has recently resurfaced as Iraq's Ambassador to Tunisia.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
0.477
Positive
Moderation
Harassment
31.8332761526
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
6.4941391349
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
2.8351213783
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
2.2990573198
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.193645875
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.1480019651
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0928484369
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0478227739
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0365487911
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0010299802
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008523888
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.6
Gunning-Fog Score
13.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Dr Hamza

There have been several confirmed sightings of Islamic fundamentalists from Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Gulf states being trained in terror tactics at the Iraq intelligence camp at Salman Park, 20 miles south of Baghdad on the Tigris River. Three intelligence officers have reported that they were surprised to find non-Iraqi fundamentalists undergoing training at the facility. The training involved assassination, explosions, and hijacking. All three reported that there is a fuselage of an old Tupolev 154 airliner used for hijack training. This was later confirmed by satellite photographs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.74721
VADER
-0.052
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
2.8215233237
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
1.4395880513
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.571935717
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.5072821397
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.4835791886
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.168152526
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.056633458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0173661843
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0087829278
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0071583476
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0020055673
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.7
Gunning-Fog Score
15.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
39
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39

Dr Hamza

Iraq military capability has been considerably depleted since the gulf war. Part of the drive to rebuild larger weapon- of-mass-destruction stockpiles is to make up for this depletion in military capability. Iraq, now, has practically no air force, a much degraded air-defense system, and practically no new tanks, heavy artillery, or armored vehicle. What is left functioning from the gulf war arsenal is basically in the hands of the Special Republican Guard, and the rest of the Armed Forces are basically armed with light weaponry.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.05263
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.05263
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.10008
VADER
-0.937
Very Negative
Moderation
Hate
0.3804581007
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.21054768
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1129886252
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0300411804
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0216519664
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0147535698
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0059468333
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0038161619
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0021871239
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0019185096
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0005332121
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
36.5
Gunning-Fog Score
17.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29

Dr Hamza

With a highly corrupt officer corps, the Iraq Army suffers from a large number of absenteeism, poor or nonexistent medical care, pilfered rations and little or no pay.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.576
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.9870959446
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1129370881
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0668072083
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0340692961
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0061422448
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0039942344
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0030049692
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000578551
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002414467
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002235457
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001466209
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.4
Gunning-Fog Score
16.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Dr Hamza

It is estimated that Iraq has no more than a quarter of the fire power it possessed at the onset of the gulf war. With the original Ba'ath Party members mostly murdered or jailed, Saddam's government now is purely a personal dictatorship of Saddam and his clans. The original rhetoric of the Ba'ath party no longer carry any weight with the population.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
-0.852
Very Negative
Moderation
Hate
1.2369452044
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.275340979
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.21985434
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0448728213
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0276980078
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0251082878
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0219939117
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0152902707
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0075779062
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.002680993
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0019559879
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.1
Gunning-Fog Score
13.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24

Dr Hamza

Iraqi WMD are under the control of the special security organization. This is the same group that is charged with Saddam's security. This feared and ruthless organization is mainly composed of conscripts from Saddam's hometown and very loyal tribes in the adjacent areas. They have an observer in all major military meetings, and they are present at the headquarters of all the division commanders, and they report directly to Saddam's younger son, Qussey.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
0.706
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
2.1299017593
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
1.894861646
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.8390869014
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.3925022669
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0310731033
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0261768437
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0116327043
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.001054172
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004367838
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002255187
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.403E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.1
Gunning-Fog Score
14.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Dr Hamza

Any operation to disrupt the authority of the central government of Iraq or the Iraqi command structure and especially the handling of deployment of weapons of mass destruction must target this organization. Precision bombing and strict enforcement of no-drive zones should eliminate most, if not all, of the dangers of Saddam possibly using his CBW against U.S. forces. Past defections from this pampered group indicate that it is not as tightly controlled as was earlier thought, and defection rate may increase considerably when faced with an imminent invasions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.1
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.1
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.19106
VADER
-0.902
Very Negative
Moderation
Hate
0.2254388761
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1903500292
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0968523906
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0357672019
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0187109996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0133980328
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0024614383
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005470941
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004103291
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.36243E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.5568E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.9
Gunning-Fog Score
15.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
38
Sprache Difficult Word Count
40

Dr Hamza

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.2407332184
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.026110516
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0221567592
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0080737111
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0039252081
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0020357669
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0010329765
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0008303637
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001270712
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.16185E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.95585E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
99.1
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Note

[The prepared statement of Dr. Hamza follows:] Prepared Statement of Dr. Khidhir Hamza, Former Iraqi Nuclear Physicist; President, Council on Middle Eastern Affairs the iraqi threat
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.361
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.3353507966
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.8077468723
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0637677847
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0260186673
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0033551038
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0010327687
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002889191
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002559893
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002509913
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.51532E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.19097E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
36.9
Gunning-Fog Score
5.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
11.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Dr Hamza

Failing to obtain concessions in return for allowing the inspectors back, the Iraqi government turned the argument around by claiming that the inspectors' job is to disarm Iraq and leave it defenseless against an American strike. Since the inspectors are charged only with dismantling weapons of mass destruction and their facilities, this was an admission that Iraq may possess these weapons and also an implied threat that facing an invasion it might use them.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.23077
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.23077
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.43532
VADER
-0.971
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.4631924909
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0587103597
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0484650402
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0353394309
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0086474247
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0052630636
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0046027475
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006223089
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005401745
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001987355
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.81516E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
27
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Dr Hamza

Iraq is currently the country with the most extensive experience in the use of chemical weapons (CW). Its extensive use of these weapons and biological toxins during the war with Iran and against its own Kurdish population provided the Iraqi government with a huge database of information about the effectiveness and strategy of use of each of these agents. The two tests of dirty bombs carried in Mohammediyat in 1988, though were inconclusive as to their effectiveness in a war setting, provided Iraq with extensive design and testing experience in this area, probably the only Middle East country to do so in the last two decades. This provides Iraq with another tool for possible use in a terrorism setting. The recent defector reports of purchases of Russian radioactive materials through an African country re-enforces Iraq's intents in this direction.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.3
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.3
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
-0.971
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.1915532514
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0364625361
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0291223987
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0095476353
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0027178821
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0015088963
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008245668
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006489063
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.21172E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.5214E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.9083E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
30.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
47
Sprache Difficult Word Count
49

Dr Hamza

It is understood that CBW use is mainly intended to create a terror situation in the targeted area. Any lethality that can be achieved using CBW can be surpassed by conventional means. But the effects are not the same. The Iranian attackers who showed no hesitancy in facing all the fire Iraq can muster were terrified of the limited CBW Iraq used at the time. The Iraqi port of al-Fao was occupied by Iranian forces that repelled many conventional attacks, but collapsed easily under the continuous flow of CW that was thrown at them in the closing days of the war with Iran. The same goes for the Kurds who fought with incredible bravery against the Iraqi armed forces but ran away in terror to Turkey and Iran when the Iraqi armed forces approached after the Gulf war fearing the use of CW after the Halbja massacre.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.09091
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.09091
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.16705
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.17241
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.17241
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.33647
VADER
-0.984
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.436824467
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1471895841
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0636664627
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0258067186
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0169036415
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0086582331
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0033327975
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0015588505
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0012323439
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001974934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.68988E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.9
Gunning-Fog Score
14.5
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
57
Sprache Difficult Word Count
51

Dr Hamza

Iraq's use of these weapons included also the threat of use to prevent an attack. Thus Saddam's government firmly believes that it thwarted a second Israeli strike against its nuclear installations in 1990 when Saddam threatened to "burn half of Israel using the binary" (chemical weapon.) Thus a firm belief in the utility and effectiveness of these weapons by Saddam's government emerged to present an option that the regime believe that it cannot survive without. The WMD option is firmly believed to be the reason behind not losing the war with Iran and preventing further strikes by Israel, and if the Americans have not interfered would have helped in quelling the Kurdish uprising.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.04762
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.04762
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.09097
VADER
-0.944
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
8.5632927716
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
1.0726825334
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
1.0265041143
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0829709752
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0394736242
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.010154942
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0047608406
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0023432267
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0021632275
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0016116985
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002355796
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.2
Gunning-Fog Score
15.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
43
Sprache Difficult Word Count
42

Dr Hamza

Iraq built its own WMD technologies indigenously with some foreign help. Saddam understood that his main assets were not the equipment but his scientists and engineers. Thus Saddam's government kept a tight lid on its science and engineering military teams at the same time it allowed UNSCOM and the IAEA to demolish most of its weapons production sites. That these science and engineering teams were capable was made manifestly clear in the aftermath of the Gulf war. Within less than a year these teams rebuilt successfully most of Iraq's services infrastructure. These included rebuilding the destroyed control rooms of the power stations, the major telephone exchanges and oil refineries. Elated by their success Saddam kept these teams as contracting entities to the government for the civilian sector with a much reduced load and assigned them the rebuilding of the needed facilities for the WMD program. This provided them with a cover of civilian contractors with actual work to prove it but at the same time their WMD work continued unhindered. Thus the computer we used for the nuclear weapon design is now located in a hospital in Saddam city at the outskirts of Baghdad. If an inspector should arrive at the site he or she will be shown contracts for the civilian sector. The only indication that things are not what they seem is that it is headed by a man who worked extensively on the Iraqi NW design and that most of his staff are former workers in Group Four the Iraqi nuclear weapon team. Legally and according to the current mandate of UNMOVIC, the new UN inspection body, the burden is on the inspectors to prove otherwise. Thus Saddam has managed from the experience of the last eleven years to create the perfect cover. In effect it turns the whole Iraqi science and engineering enterprise into a giant weapon making body. And since they do actually accomplish civilian tasks, the economic burden on the government is minimized. Thus Saddam not only used the international markets to import dual use items under false pretenses, he created for the first time in the third world dual use engineering teams.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.09091
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.09091
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.16705
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.0692
VADER
0.863
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
2.759575285
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
2.7012445033
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.5481192376
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.034390646
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0180041039
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0165001868
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0127530468
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006048503
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001819497
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001475129
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.60513E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.4
Gunning-Fog Score
15.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
120
Sprache Difficult Word Count
115

Dr Hamza

Unlike the UN, Saddam valued his people more than the equipment. And while initially the UN teams concentrated on destroying equipment and facilities Saddam kept tight control over his scientists and engineers. Thus defections were kept to a minimum. This was helped by well publicized cases of defectors seeking help and were turned down. One of them got killed in Jordan by Iraqi agents while waiting for the U.S. Embassy to grant him an entry visa. Not a single high level defector left the regime since the botched defection of Hussein Kamel, Saddam's son in law, to Jordan in 1995. This kept the information flow out of Iraq to a minimum increasing the opacity of the WMD programs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.20067
VADER
-0.84
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.7276294753
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.5412639119
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0688745873
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0347442663
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0122414815
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0038298662
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0007688554
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000577951
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.03572E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.58596E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.8454E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.8
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
11.6
Automated Readability Index
7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
45
Sprache Difficult Word Count
44

Dr Hamza

German Intelligence (the BND) has been the only major Western intelligence service to provide assessments of the Iraqi WMD programs openly. Though flowed in some minor details it provides a broad outline of the clandestine Iraqi activities in the WMD and missiles areas. As a minimum it generated a large database on Iraqi purchases from Germany and other countries that when put together with defector and other information can present a credible assessment of the current and future threats of the Iraqi programs. These may be summarized as follows: (a) Iraq is well into CW production and may well be in the process of BW production. (b) With the more than 10 tons of uranium and more than one ton of slightly enriched uranium in its possession Iraq has enough to generate the needed bomb grade uranium for three nuclear weapons by 2005. (c) Iraq is using corporations in India and other countries to import the needed equipment for its programs, then channel them through countries like Malaysia for shipment to Iraq. Germany already blacklisted some of these corporations for violating the sanctions imposed on Iraq. (d) Iraq is importing directional control instruments for its missiles of much higher precision than those needed for the allowed 150km missiles under UN sanctions. Thus Iraq is gearing to extend the range of its missiles to easily reach Israel. (e) The type of equipment imported indicate that Iraq is in the process of creating its own foundation for the production of needed materials thus avoiding detection if these materials are on the watch list of the exporting countries. Following this logic Iraq is or will be able to produce its own growth media for the biological weapons program and many of precursors for its CW program. The same can be said for local uranium production from phosphates. This removes many limitations on production and allows Iraq to accelerate its output. Iraq realized that CBWs are more instruments of terror than they are of war. A real deterrence is the nuclear weapon option. Realising that a few nuclear weapons are not a serious deterrence because of the need for testing, it configured its program to generate its own materials for the nuclear core. Thus the plan that was set in 1982 targeted a 100 kg (220 lb) of bomb grade uranium a year. This is equivalent to 6 implosion or two gun type bombs a year. With a worked out design for the implosion option Iraq planned on being a major power in the region through its nuclear arsenal. Thus under this program Iraq was not much interested in purchasing the materials needed for the nuclear core through its extensive black market network. However under threat the situation did change. After the invasion of Kuwait Iraq embarked on a crash program to make one nuclear bomb using the French supplied fuel at its disposal. This option, now declared by the Iraqi government was dropped only after it was made clear that the uranium extraction capabilities were not good enough to achieve enough materials for one bomb. Recent defections indicate that Iraq is seeking actively all kinds of nuclear materials. It is also active in seeking the needed components to accelerate its uranium enrichment program.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.53846
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.53846
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.18182
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.18182
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.36211
VADER
-0.981
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
83.8006436825
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.3933013417
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1841004123
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0270780263
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0244525232
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0012770375
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007326249
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002108856
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001739156
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.8298E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.03713E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.6
Gunning-Fog Score
15.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
216
Sprache Difficult Word Count
150

Dr Hamza

With the a workable design and most of the needed components for a nuclear weapon already tested and in working order, Iraq is in the final stages of putting together its enrichment program to enrich enough uranium for the final component needed in the nuclear core. Thus Iraq's nuclear achievement when it happens, together with its history of use of its available WMD will turn it into a serious threat to U.S. interests in the region. Serious punishment (regime change) will be largely discounted. Iraq's posturing, aggressiveness and harassment of unfriendly regimes will increase considerably. The window of opportunity to abort this option before it happen is closing down possibly within the next two to three years, after that a change of regime will be a much costlier prospect.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.95551
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2381
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2381
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.46262
VADER
-0.866
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.1110178535
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.037193016
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.008273698
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0046675686
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0026821845
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.000355392
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003069351
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001007196
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.06364E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.44068E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.4797E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.9
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
49
Sprache Difficult Word Count
44

Dr Hamza

The inspection regime in Iraq had a mixed history. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the UN body charged with ensuring that nuclear facilities are not used for nuclear weapons production failed completely in its task with regards to Iraq before the Gulf war. The IAEA remains basically a weak organization beset by its international composition and the multiple loyalties of its workers. Within its sphere it is quite successful in accounting for and keeping tab on the essential components of the nuclear fuel cycle and its utilization over the globe. But it has limited latitude with the states and works best in a cooperative and amiable environment. Against determined states such as Iraq it is at a great disadvantage. Thus it failed again after the Gulf war when it declared early that it took care of basically all of Iraq's nuclear program. It took the defection of Kamel, Saddam's son-in-law to force the Iraqi government to declare the actual scope of its nuclear weapons program and forced the inspectors to start all over again in unraveling what has not been declared before. Thus while it managed to dismantle a large part of the Iraqi nuclear program it was at a loss by the time the inspectors left in 1998 as to the whereabouts of many of the important figures in the program. The new Iraqi policy of giving up some of the equipment but keeping the working teams intact was beyond the inspectors mandate. There was nothing they could do to prevent the Iraqi teams from rebuilding what was destroyed.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.17647
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.17647
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.34628
VADER
-0.756
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.1012265799
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0254895567
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0031621883
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0028752322
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0020815382
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0008233244
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001686949
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.14666E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
5.88176E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.4577E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.04E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.2
Gunning-Fog Score
15.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
92
Sprache Difficult Word Count
84

Dr Hamza

Iraq is actually quite open about its intents and goals. It refused to promulgate laws that make it illegal for its citizens to work in the area of WMD as was required by UN resolutions. It also refuses to accept the limitations imposed by sanctions declaring them to be illegal. Thus as stated by the former Iraqi ambassador to the UN, Nizar Hamdoun, Iraq is not going to impose sanctions on itself. This is forced on Iraq and as such the Iraqi government is not bound by its terms. Policing what Iraq imports is a problem for the UN and not the Iraqi government.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.94444
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.47957
VADER
-0.909
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
36.7760390043
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.538526196
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.4073345102
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0122991652
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0036507634
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0026949505
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000657859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003947475
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002106
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.47184E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.01147E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.4
Gunning-Fog Score
13.5
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
38
Sprache Difficult Word Count
36

Dr Hamza

If the inspectors go back now there is very little human intelligence that will help them locate the new weapons sites. Spread widely among the government infrastructure in smaller hard to detect units, the inspectors will have a hard time locating all the programs components. A recent defector with credible information asserted that all units are built with a backup. If one is detected or is in danger of discovery all activity is immediately transferred to the back-up facility.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
-0.635
Very Negative
Moderation
Hate
1.2662041001
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.4248718731
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.403263513
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0866683025
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0235931715
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0147831699
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0079111262
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0043958116
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0019820058
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0013166714
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.00025174
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.7
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
27
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Dr Hamza

The new UNMOVIC inspection body does not have the support and free hand UNSCOM enjoyed. With Russia and other states that favor removing sanctions keeping the pressure, the onus is now on the inspectors to prove that Iraq is in violation. Not finding a smoking gun after a series of inspections is all that the Russians and the French need to declare -- that the U.S. has no case and sanctions must be lifted. The U.S. case will be considerably weakened and more voices will rise against the U.S. Iraqi policy as baseless. This is a danger that must be carefully examined before inspection terms are allowed back in possibly to divert an invasion.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.31015
VADER
0.09
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
48.0659723282
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
19.0245971084
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
18.8872456551
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
14.5374551415
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
12.264598906
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1723004389
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0644826796
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0145686732
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0105123792
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0051991716
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006507065
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65.6
Gunning-Fog Score
9.7
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
10.4
Automated Readability Index
5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39

Dr Hamza

The claim that the U.S. needs a smoking gun to prove that Iraq is in violation of its commitments regarding WMD discounts all the past experience in dealing with Iraq.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.625
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
8.1754714251
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.6877554115
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.3391144564
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0496942026
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0260410045
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0020483765
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0010380812
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003344594
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001294352
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.89571E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.00814E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
70.8
Gunning-Fog Score
9.3
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
9.9
Automated Readability Index
4.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
2.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11

Dr Hamza

Many voices declared that Iraq was not pursuing nuclear weapons before the Gulf war. This included the IAEA that declared Iraq clean in many statements. This happened even after the German publication Der Spiegel reported Iraq's successful attempts to acquire classified uranium centrifuge enrichment technology from Germany. However the U.S. knew better and used the Gulf war setting as a way to dismantle Iraq's nuclear weapons program. But the dismantling process ignored the knowledge base acquired over the years that can be used easily to rebuild what was destroyed. A similar insistence on proof before taking serious action will be allowing Saddam to achieve his goals unchallenged.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.25131
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.46667
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.46667
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.93827
VADER
-0.63
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0118175398
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0021528182
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0016176531
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0010308273
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0007763516
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002128175
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002109001
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
8.11643E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.18609E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
7.9265E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.799E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.7
Gunning-Fog Score
12.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
45
Sprache Difficult Word Count
50

Dr Hamza

With no large easily distinguishable nuclear sites and little or no human intelligence it is difficult to see how any measure short of a regime change will be effective. Saddam is totally indifferent to the human suffering of his people, and with his threats of reprisals against the families of WMD workers has managed to stop defections among its personnel despite the fact that a large number of Iraqis from other walks of life managed to escape. With a Soviet style economy that is basically geared toward war and its requirements, Iraq is currently the only Arab state that all the Arab extremists look at as the future challenger to Israel and U.S. interests in the region. Thus if Saddam makes it in the nuclear arena he will be the region's undisputed leader in Arab eyes. It will then be much harder to agree on the needed concessions for a peace process and a viable peace will be impossible to achieve under any terms. Saddam has used and will continue to use the Palestinian issue to rally the Arabs around him as he did when he used the Arab leaders meeting in Baghdad to challenge the peace treaty of Egypt with Israel that President Sadat agreed to.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.63599
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.41935
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.41935
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.86222
VADER
0.744
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0168779661
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0035460183
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0022797756
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011742866
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0010621319
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0004548473
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001739682
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001496613
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.63175E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.036E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.3451E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.6
Gunning-Fog Score
15.2
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
67
Sprache Difficult Word Count
68

Dr Hamza

Limiting Iraq's access to technology is bound to fail in the end. The U.S. cannot police the transfer of technology in the age of the Internet and the widening of the science base all over the globe. Perversely, limiting sales of high technology equipment created financial difficulties for many high tech companies and scientists and made them an easy target for countries like Iraq. Lawyer Michael Rietz who represented three of the main German exporters of technology and know-how to Iraq tells a sobering tale. One of his clients, Karl Schaab sold the blue prints for the uranium enrichment centrifuge to Iraq for a mere forty thousand dollars. He also provided more than a hundred classified reports in the deal. He provided 36 high tech carbon fiber rotors for the centrifuges for a million dollars. Iraq's investment to buy technology this way was much cheaper than developing it themselves. Dietrich Hinze provided flow forming machinery to make missile shells and gave away half ownership of his company to Iraq all for less than 20 million dollars. He also taught the Iraqis how to use the equipment. Locally he was so much admired for bringing business to his small town in Germany that he was honored with a statue in a main location in town. All those represented by Rietz were more or less sentenced for time served and released though they all pleaded guilty. Actually according to Rietz, one of the men working for the German Federal Export Agency, Dr. Welzien, opened a consulting business charging very high rates to German companies for advising them on how to use loopholes in the German export laws to expedite making some questionable exports, and it is legal. With Europe no longer in an accommodating mood Iraq shifted its purchasing bases to India and Malaysia among others. Thus technology transfer restrictions, which failed in the past to limit advances in the Soviet Union's weapons programs are failing again in limiting access to weapons technology as was demonstrated by India, Pakistan and now Iraq and possibly Iran. Another failure for the policy of containment. Iraq and terrorism
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.625
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.625
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.34993
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2766
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2766
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.55553
VADER
-0.977
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0089169822
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0031079944
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0020580297
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0020135416
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002726551
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0002442767
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.19922E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.62099E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
2.08004E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.4393E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.7548E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.3
Gunning-Fog Score
13.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
139
Sprache Difficult Word Count
124

Dr Hamza

Saddam Hussein has a long history of involvement in international terrorism. From assassinations of Iraqis abroad in the seventies and eighties, to support for radical anti-western groups in the eighties and nineties, to links with Islamic fundamentalists today, his track record speaks for itself.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.29928
VADER
-0.765
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0742449076
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0690412533
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0476702611
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0163353136
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0021841748
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006471993
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.000328011
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001065417
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.65146E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.47802E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.2836E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24.2
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21

Dr Hamza

Always the opportunist, he has used the biannual Islamic Conferences held in Baghdad since the 1980s as a recruiting ground for Islamic radicals from around the Muslim world. A former Iraqi intelligence officer now in Europe has described how he would dress as a cleric and approach Islamists from key countries to put on the Iraqi payroll for "special operations." He was tasked to recruit Pakistanis, Indonesians and Malaysians while other officers concentrated on Palestinians and Arabs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
0.718
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment > Threatening
0.0836279476
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.037322854
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0085626765
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0059076738
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0015497761
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0008941086
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006333482
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001487906
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.000121676
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.73432E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.0362E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25.9
Gunning-Fog Score
14.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29

Dr Hamza

We know from credible sources that Osama Bin Laden was a frequent visitor to the Iraqi embassy in Khartoum when Bin Laden was a resident of the Sudanese capital until 1996. It is no coincidence that Khartoum is one of the Iraqi Intelligence Service's largest foreign stations.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Harassment
59.040158987
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
5.6616228074
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
1.8166424707
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.530065503
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0167404825
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0024668878
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0024442807
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0016463064
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0013161152
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011018728
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003620329
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.4
Gunning-Fog Score
15.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18

Dr Hamza

It has also been confirmed that the Iraqi ambassador in Turkey, Farouk Hijazi, traveled to Afghanistan and met Bin Laden in December 1998. It is revealing to note that prior to being appointed ambassador in Ankara, Hijazi was head of foreign operations for the Iraqi Intelligence Service. Incidentally, this same Hijazi, who was hurriedly pulled out of Ankara on September 29, 2001, has recently resurfaced as Iraq's ambassador in Tunisia.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
0.477
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.6561100017
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2350946888
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1582199591
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0218650079
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0118273019
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0039976447
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004945868
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004121898
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004025811
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002740255
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002160386
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.2
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Dr Hamza

There have been several confirmed sightings of Islamic fundamentalists from Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states being trained in terror tactics at the Iraqi intelligence camp at Salman Pak, 20 miles south of Baghdad on the Tigris River, Three former intelligence officers have reported that they were surprised to find non-Iraqi fundamentalists undergoing training at the facility. The training involved assassination, explosions, and hijacking. All three reported that there is a fuselage of an old Tupolev 154 airliner used for hijack training. This was later confirmed by satellite photographs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.74721
VADER
-0.052
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.3197765211
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1447272953
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0128558648
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0126973275
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0073038114
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0008973547
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000347778
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003398754
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001425446
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001136098
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.41532E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
30.3
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
41
Sprache Difficult Word Count
40

Dr Hamza

Iraq's conventional military capability has been considerably degraded since the Gulf war. Part of the drive to build larger WMD stockpiles is to make up for this depletion in military capability. Iraq now has practically no airforce, a much degraded air defense system and practically no new tanks, heavy artillery or armored vehicles. What is left functioning from the Gulf war arsenal is basically in the hands of the Special Republican Guard and the rest of armed forces are basically armed with light weaponry. With a highly corrupt officers corps the Iraqi army suffers from a large number of absenteeism, poor or nonexistent medical care, pilfered rations and little or no pay to the conscripts. Pay and rations are usually split among the officers and party members. It is estimated that Iraq has no more than a quarter of the firepower it possessed at the onset of the Gulf war. With the original Baath party members mostly murdered or in jail, Saddam's government now is purely a personal dictatorship of Saddam and his clan. The original rhetoric of the Baath party no longer carry any weight with the population. Thus the army that surrendered to the American forces in droves in Gulf war is now in an even worse shape and would regard an American invasion as a welcome liberation army. American inspectors and media personnel who visited Iraq were surprised by the friendliness and lack of rancor of the population toward Americans. This is in contrast to the image of the Americans as evildoers that Saddam was trying to project in all his speeches.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.85714
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.85714
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.13636
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.13636
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.26826
VADER
-0.979
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
2.6034804061
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.2706576604
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0680524157
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0251591584
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0125197883
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0047500926
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0015327174
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0011697208
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0011123209
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001345687
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001230274
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.5
Gunning-Fog Score
15.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
91
Sprache Difficult Word Count
87

Dr Hamza

Iraq's WMD are under the control of the Special Security Organization (SSO). This is the same group that is charged with Saddam's security. This feared and ruthless organization is mainly composed of conscripts from Saddam's hometown and very loyal tribes in adjacent areas. They have an observer in all major military meetings and they are present at the headquarters of all division commanders and they report directly to Saddam's younger son Qussey. Any operation to disrupt the central authority of the Iraqi command structure and especially the handling and deployment of weapons of mass destruction must target this organization. Precision bombing and strict enforcement of a no drive zones should eliminate most of if not all the dangers of Saddam possibly using his CBW. Past defections from this pampered group indicate that it is not as tightly controlled as was earlier thought and defection rate may increase considerably when faced with an imminent invasion.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.07143
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.07143
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.13815
VADER
-0.556
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1351300976
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1073589548
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0238815468
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0063418811
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0048654503
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006867829
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005655576
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003838231
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001459801
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.51238E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.70091E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.3
Gunning-Fog Score
16.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
67
Sprache Difficult Word Count
65

Dr Hamza

Iraq is now at one of the lowest points in its history. Saddam managed to destroy its middle class and its hope in a viable future. Millions of Iraqis are believed to have left the country since the Gulf war taking with them most of its professional class. With no future to look forward to Iraqis will welcome an American invasion with open arms. With a long history in government and a large bureaucracy it will not revert to the situation in Afghanistan now. The Kurds promised to rejoin the rest of Iraq under a coalition government. And above all if a democracy is established and nurtured in Iraq it will be a turning point in the region's history.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.37949
VADER
-0.226
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.4906807095
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.4751922097
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0248911703
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0166287544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0082249411
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0024073963
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003150393
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002620469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001339595
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000125456
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.72636E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
54.5
Gunning-Fog Score
11.8
Coleman-Liau Index
10.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34

Joe Biden

Thank you very much, doctor.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
3.2720785588
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1846567844
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0718925672
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0022123833
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0003775008
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001384913
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001314021
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.88125E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.99377E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.43341E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.51364E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
2.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
83.3
Gunning-Fog Score
2
Coleman-Liau Index
10.1
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
1.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.2
Sprache Readability Score
1.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Joe Biden

Professor Cordesman.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
1.6663281247
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1635015244
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0448781851
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0321535219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0041661566
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0014930918
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003671418
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003284702
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002284782
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
7.52694E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.4254E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Anthony Cordesman

Thank you, Senator.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.3231433919
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.3200988984
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0277774205
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0058454363
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0027765125
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009630749
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0007402796
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004659033
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000367961
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001330983
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.13763E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62.8
Gunning-Fog Score
1.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
3.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
1
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1

Anthony Cordesman

Let me begin with a caveat. It is very easy to be arrogant about trying to predict a war that no one has ever fought in the face of the kind of information you can obtain from unclassified sources. And I think it is very dangerous to make quick sweeping generalizations about the military capabilities of Iraq. As a result, I would like to enter into the record a net assessment of Iraq's capabilities -- those of the United States and the other forces in the region -- and call the committee's attention to that statement as something to look at as a reference as your hearings proceed.\1\ -
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.17647
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.17647
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
-0.758
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.6654117256
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.558662368
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0853522506
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0809402962
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0443800353
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0033336142
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003900518
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003106
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003069436
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001962015
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.89994E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.3
Gunning-Fog Score
13.4
Coleman-Liau Index
10
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30

Joe Biden

Without objection, your statement will be placed in the record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.7156307809
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0633790158
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0380698795
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0062197127
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0037365298
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0007580443
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0006398197
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002367918
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001800659
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.51235E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.32866E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
69.8
Gunning-Fog Score
8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
8.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
2.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
4

Anthony Cordesman

I would like to begin with one point that I think needs to be made very clearly. Iraq might be a far easier opponent than its force strengths indicate, but it also is potentially a very serious military opponent, indeed. And, to be perfectly blunt, I think only fools would bet the lives of other men's sons and daughters on their own arrogance and call this force a "cakewalk" or a "speed bump" or a war whose risks you can easily dismiss.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.53846
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.53846
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.656
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.5546935834
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0756127294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0522787101
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.023106474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0211097693
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0051407493
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0023739261
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
5.4685E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.15782E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.0773E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.27649E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
58.4
Gunning-Fog Score
16.3
Coleman-Liau Index
9.1
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22

Anthony Cordesman

I see every reason for the reservation of the American military and the Joint Chiefs, and I think efforts to dismiss the military capabilities of Iraq are dangerous and irresponsible. These forces do have serious defects, but Iraq is still the most effective military power in the gulf. It still has active forces of over 400,000 men. It still has an inventory of over 2,200 main battle tanks, 3,700 other armored vehicles, 2,400 major artillery weapons. It still has over 300 combat aircraft in its inventory, although perhaps less than half of these are truly operational. And it certainly still has some chemical and biological weapons.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.31015
VADER
-0.486
Negative
Moderation
Violence
3.0086424202
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0473424967
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0139751821
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0105662759
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0092191309
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0033550656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0022459733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.001527393
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003290619
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.38419E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.8413E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.6
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
36

Anthony Cordesman

This is not a force that can be dismissed. It has, out of its 23 divisions, a core of perhaps six Revolutionary Guard divisions and six regular-army heavy divisions, plus some significant special forces which have a long record of combat capability and which I believe U.S. experts indicate have reasonable levels of manning and readiness.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.31015
VADER
0.477
Positive
Moderation
Harassment
3.9271134883
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
1.8668087199
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1583277248
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0838950917
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0671653775
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.004729495
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0024138932
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0021360405
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0013320723
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
3.24221E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.14391E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.5
Gunning-Fog Score
12
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Anthony Cordesman

Having said that, I should note that while Iraq has a total of at least 23 division equivalents, probably half of these have only limited effectiveness manning levels as divisions of under 8,000 men. In the regular army, most of its units probably have manning levels of 70 percent or less. And, we saw during the gulf war that infantry units and other elements that were dependent on Shi'ite, Kurdish, and Turkoman conscripts or low-quality reservists did not fight well or with great competence.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.142
Leans Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.322152745
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0652731629
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0573141733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0470841944
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0396486372
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.027402534
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0010667466
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.001032427
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.00041512
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001734396
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.21941E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.9
Gunning-Fog Score
17.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25

Anthony Cordesman

It is a fact that Iraq has had no major new arms deliveries in a decade. It does, however, still have 700 relatively modern T-72 tanks, 900 BMP series armored infantry fighting vehicles, and significant numbers of self-propelled artillery weapons and multiple rocket launchers. It has a significant number of modern anti-tank guided weapons, and it can still operate a significant number of attack helicopters and a large number of utility helicopters.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.63599
VADER
-0.807
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.1766332202
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0774743268
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0491981395
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0074311487
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0070451781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.006675216
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005479468
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.9129E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.3594E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.1869E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.8614E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.8
Gunning-Fog Score
17.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
25
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Anthony Cordesman

At least in urban warfare, the fact that there are nearly 120,000 other men in the security, border, and other paramilitary forces has to be taken into careful account. And the Special Republican Guard units and some Republican Guard units themselves, plus Saddam's bodyguards, are trained for urban warfare.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
0.318
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.2654942684
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2261812333
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0383720471
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0070083501
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005885188
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001826768
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
6.25627E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.35629E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.06073E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.04467E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.8875E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.7
Gunning-Fog Score
12.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17

Anthony Cordesman

The Iraqi air force is certainly a weak link. Out of the 300-odd combat aircraft, they can often fly very intensive sortie raids, but there are no signs of meaningful training for air combat or air-to-ground combat of or organized use of air forces in effective ways. The air force performed badly during the Iran-Iraq war. It performed only minimally during the gulf war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.375
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.375
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.7376
VADER
-0.962
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.203699409
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0513453851
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0130899309
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0032561358
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0027128403
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005204562
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002658693
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001039788
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.2148E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.54577E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.6571E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.4
Gunning-Fog Score
10.3
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
7.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21

Anthony Cordesman

It is also an air force without modern intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance assets without modern electronic warfare capabilities as airborne assets. It is not an air force which perhaps can do more than fly limited penetration raids, and those would only be meaningful if it used weapons of mass destruction.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.26826
VADER
-0.655
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
2.6581496
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.6475813687
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.4896870814
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1869398751
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0321862171
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0066087807
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008858107
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004544961
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.000191469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001385454
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.92368E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.3
Gunning-Fog Score
17.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18

Anthony Cordesman

I would be more careful about Iraq's surface-based air defenses. It has no modern surface-to-air missiles, nothing like the S-300 or S-400 series. Its basic force structure is dependent on SA-2s, SA-3s, and SA-6s, which date back in design to the 1960's. But it has one of the most dense air-defense networks around its urban areas and populated areas in the world, much more dense than any around Hanoi at the time of the Vietnam war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.335
VADER
-0.609
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
2.1330669522
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3137703985
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1257451251
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0896029989
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0246513548
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.001271164
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0011761291
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008096261
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002039914
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001250464
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.56295E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
69.8
Gunning-Fog Score
10.4
Coleman-Liau Index
6.8
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
7.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq has made real progress in many areas of its command and control. It has deep buried shelters, an excellent survivable communication system. It has learned to adapt to things like anti-radiation missiles. It uses tactics like pop- up and remotely linked radar activity, decoys, ambushes, deployments in civilian areas, and it was sufficiently effective to have advised Serbia at length during the fighting in Kosovo. And I think anyone in the U.S. military would say it had considerable success. It is a reality that this system can probably be suppressed, but will survive, and we have learned that to our cost since Desert Storm.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.46154
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.46154
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.813
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0500901777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.002040459
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0020208226
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0017664155
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0012040727
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005998155
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003055642
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002506569
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001799145
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001425733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.8216E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.9
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.8
Automated Readability Index
7.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
39
Sprache Difficult Word Count
41

Anthony Cordesman

While sanctions have cutoff arms imports, Iraq maintains a very significant import network which it uses for the weapons of mass destruction, as has been described by Ambassador Butler and Dr. Hamza. The only really disturbing aspect of this that has been made public is an increasing flow of weapons out of Eastern and Central Europe through Syria. This flow is known to have included engines for MiG aircraft, new tank engines, and equipment for the land-based air defenses, plus spare parts. At this time, however, I suspect that it has had only limited impact on the overall readiness of Iraqi forces.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.16705
VADER
-0.908
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0177241294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0084819287
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0023372166
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0016071233
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0010568576
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004657127
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001405431
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001222353
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.20608E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.04271E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.3021E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51.2
Gunning-Fog Score
13.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
44

Anthony Cordesman

The thing that would bother me most is not whether we can win, but whether we are honest about the intangibles in this war in Iraqis' military capabilities. And let me just mention a few of those very quickly. It is easy to talk about the unpopularity of the regime and to assert that units are not reliable. People did that throughout the Iran-Iraq war, and they were wrong virtually every time. We did not see mass defections in the gulf war until Iraq forces came, under intense pressure. The Republican Guard units and the heavy divisions retreated in good order.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.29412
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.29412
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.57054
VADER
-0.571
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1710059005
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0959149038
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0142022414
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0056097484
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.002106709
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
6.1891E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
6.02645E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.10925E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.69343E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.17865E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.10467E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.1
Coleman-Liau Index
10.5
SMOG Index
11.7
Automated Readability Index
8.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Anthony Cordesman

We talk about tyranny and repression, violence is part of this regime, but so are incentives and bribery. It is impossible to know who will take these bribes and incentives seriously. Saddam has been in power during the entire life of some 80 percent of the Iraqi people. To say that he has had no impact, that he does not have loyalty, that there are factions that will not follow him, is reckless and dangerous. Uprisings can be meaningful in some areas. But uprisings are very unlikely in the core areas of Saddam's strengths -- Baghdad, Tikrit, and the cities in the center -- and urban warfare is a dangerous and uncertain structure.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.7346
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
-0.954
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.355558075
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1233912539
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0246193173
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.017243193
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0061105675
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0040575807
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.001985977
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002194225
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001976053
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.58794E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.32713E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.7
Gunning-Fog Score
13.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34

Anthony Cordesman

We do not know whether he has reduced the rigidities of his command. It seems very doubtful, and that does mean that the possibility of striking at the core of his power and ignoring the flanks is a possibility.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.724
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.4094695207
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0359402067
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0254943676
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0244979805
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0204198499
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.000961854
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0008198128
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.7677E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.54433E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.4261E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.04581E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.1
Gunning-Fog Score
11.9
Coleman-Liau Index
9.9
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11

Anthony Cordesman

I should also note, when I talk about urban warfare, that it is one thing to train for urban warfare with the kind of training the Iraqis get, and quite another to actually fight it. They did not do well during the Iran-Iraq war in this area. At the same time, their ability to use decoys, human shields, to use civilian buildings as cover, is a well-proven capability. And our precision air power did not, even in Afghanistan, demonstrate the ability to strike with such precision that you will not inflict significant civilian casualties and collateral damage.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.13043
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.13043
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
-0.89
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2458004979
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0693062902
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0647434674
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0066300279
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.001082974
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0007894651
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005194694
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.78003E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.39082E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.50018E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.21746E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
45
Gunning-Fog Score
15.2
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq's combat engineering is good. I leave it to other witnesses to comment on the quality of our bridging and water- barrier crossing capabilities. But one uncertainty here is whether it could use its helicopter mobility at all, and we have great helicopter mobility. The problem is not whether we can suppress their air defenses, but how long it will take and what cost. And certainly over Baghdad, without stealth, we could face serious limits.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.43532
VADER
0.465
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.3229892347
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0892421696
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0412949856
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0236292122
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0076660559
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0037418216
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.002895658
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004662406
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.99391E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.69478E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.41726E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.9
Gunning-Fog Score
12.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22

Anthony Cordesman

We do not really know how cohesive their maneuver capability can be in the face of our air power. And the ability to bring units together and concentrate in one area to deal with limited U.S. attacks could be critical.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
-0.586
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0384761632
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0258946064
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0150754888
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.002718175
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0012390362
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0009720846
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001286962
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001007845
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.31769E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.92781E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.9562E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.2
Gunning-Fog Score
12.9
Coleman-Liau Index
9.3
SMOG Index
11.8
Automated Readability Index
3.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4
Sprache Readability Score
3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Anthony Cordesman

People talk about their capability to execute asymmetric warfare and their support of terrorism. I think this is an area where the committee should pay very careful attention to the American intelligence community and put little faith in outside reports.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.25
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.1688503427
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0451324857
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0128218555
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0067050161
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0029507133
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0009788168
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004339699
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003984598
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003117303
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.41401E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
6.85323E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.9
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Anthony Cordesman

Other witnesses have commented on weapons of mass destruction. I want to make a caveat here, and I want to go back to my own experience as the one-time manager of DARPA's program on chemical, biological, and theater nuclear weapons. Very often, we confuse the ability to proliferate with war- fighting effects. In the case of the nuclear weapons, those effects are fairly well known. In the case of chemical and biological weapons, this is not known. Very minor issues in engineering and in the method of delivery can affect the lethality of chemical and biological weapons by two orders of magnitude or more. That is a hundred times. And you can go, as was the case from anthrax with zero effect, to anthrax attacks with near nuclear effects, depending on how the agent is presented, deployed, the quality of the manufacture. It is very unlikely that we will know the answer to those issues until a war takes place. It is a certainty that Iraq lacks the sophistication to conduct training and testing and know the lethality of its own weapons in these areas before it uses them, an uncertainty we need to remember very carefully.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.45199
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.7777
VADER
-0.984
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0704905193
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0200268798
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0160077296
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0087135544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0055463959
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0008885731
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002063843
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.94536E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.6063E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.665E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.2372E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51.3
Gunning-Fog Score
13.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
56
Sprache Difficult Word Count
49

Anthony Cordesman

Let me just say, in conclusion, that I do not regard Iraq's military strength as a massive force that can make use of most of its assets, but I think it is incredibly dangerous to be dismissive. It is very easy to send people home unused and alive. It is costly to send them home in body bags because we did not have sufficient force when we engaged. And to be careless about this war, to me, would be a disaster.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.63599
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.04762
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.04762
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.09097
VADER
-0.308
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.2284189221
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1496792422
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.118584279
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0141611323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0056192785
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.005553562
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0046502017
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0039663089
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0006737319
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003844532
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003352261
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
68.3
Gunning-Fog Score
12.1
Coleman-Liau Index
7.7
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
7.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Anthony Cordesman

I am reminded of a quote about 2,000 years old by Pliny the Elder, "Small boys throw stones at frogs in jest, but the frogs do not die in jest; the frogs die in earnest." This is not a game, and it is not something to be decided from an armchair.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.096
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.3116559237
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0437074545
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0423874037
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0092179442
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0084516607
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0008701187
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0008604467
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0008126956
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0006746546
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005797296
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000289975
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
81.2
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
4.9
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
8.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8

Anthony Cordesman

Thank you.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.1008546329
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0570800214
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0291711098
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0032442618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011156493
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000666243
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003731519
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003229377
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.000255908
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.98351E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.17267E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
7.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.1
Sprache Readability Score
0.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Note

[The prepared statement of Professor Cordesman follows:] Prepared Statement of Prof. Anthony H. Cordesman, Senior Fellow and Arleigh A. Burke Chair for Strategy, Center for Strategic and International Studies Any effort to provide an assessment of Iraq's military capabilities involves a wide range of challenges. The uncertainties and "intangibles" affecting any assessment of Iraq's military capabilities -- and any war that has not yet been fought -- are at least as important as the hard data on its force strength and order of battle.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.406
Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0873902056
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0673511997
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0469754072
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.005912656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0032124681
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018057588
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0013539217
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0010850125
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001755183
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001125139
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.06845E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.1
Gunning-Fog Score
12.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30

Anthony Cordesman

There is reason for modesty in any form of military analysis, and above all in speculating about future wars. The proper rules for such analysis were laid out over two millennia ago by Thucydides in writing his "History of the Peloponnesian War," (c. 420 BC): ". . .I did not even trust my own impressions, but it rests partly on what I saw myself, partly on what others saw for me, the accuracy of the report being always tried by the most severe and detailed tests possible." These are tests no one can meet in talking about Iraqi ability to fight a war that has not happened.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.37949
VADER
-0.952
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0655905402
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.022077006
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0115283627
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0099740391
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0037802598
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0021952443
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0019517434
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0015421992
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.77521E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.96386E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.11945E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.4
Gunning-Fog Score
12.2
Coleman-Liau Index
9.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30

Anthony Cordesman

I have been asked today to talk about Iraq military capabilities, but this is in some ways of very limited value unless the discussion focuses on capabilities in a given contingency. As a result, I would like to submit a detailed report for the record that provides a fully net assessment of the possible wars that can take place, and how Iraq might fare against given threats and opposition forces.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.16705
VADER
-0.679
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.7431171369
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0274444203
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0167824677
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0041332401
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.003061317
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0010923352
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005423853
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003677554
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000127243
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.60317E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
8.40493E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
31.1
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25

Anthony Cordesman

I would also note that in some ways we are already at war. Iraq has been involved in a political struggle against the U.S. and its neighbors ever since the ceasefire in the Gulf War that is an extension of war by other means. The course of this "war of sanctions" can sharply alter its military capabilities over time. While current attention focuses on U.S. military efforts to overthrow Saddam Hussein's regime, Iraq may become involved in a wide range of conflicts, many of which may take on a number of different forms and become asymmetric in character. Iraq's continuing efforts to develop weapons of mass destruction and advanced delivery systems compound both the uncertainties in assessing its military capabilities, and the uncertainties as to how it would behave in given contingencies.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.29412
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.29412
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.57054
VADER
-0.977
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0630887109
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0081232742
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0061600535
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0016469314
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0011389006
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006620513
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001551545
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001391218
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.86695E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.52458E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.12606E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.4
Gunning-Fog Score
13.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
41
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39

Anthony Cordesman

Nevertheless, a great deal is known about Iraq military capabilities and probable behavior, as well as about the military capabilities and behavior of its potential enemies. The list of potential contingencies is limited and there are often severe constraints on the options available to Iraq and its opponents. As a result, it is possible to make educated "guesstimates" as to Iraq's capabilities relative to most key scenarios, and about the strengths and weaknesses of its position in most contingencies. iraq's current military forces
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.54654
VADER
-0.077
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.470381137
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1191689633
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0490903039
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0365086365
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0109864726
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0027372605
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006084511
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002996829
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002722786
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002304268
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001239498
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
18.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Anthony Cordesman

It is relatively easy to estimate the total size of Iraqi military forces, and to comment in broad terms on their capabilities. Although Iraq's forces have many serious defects, Iraq remains the most effective military power in the Gulf, despite the Gulf War, and the loss of some 40% of its army and air force order of battle. Iraq still has armed forces with around 424,000 men, and an inventory of some 2,200 main battle tanks, 3,700 other armored vehicles, and 2,400 major artillery weapons. It also has over 300 combat aircraft with potential operational status.\1\ As weak as many aspects of Iraq's forces may be it is a major military power by regional standards and has at least some chemical and biological weapons. Iraq must be taken seriously both in regional terms and in any military effort to overthrow the regime of Saddam Hussein.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.53846
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.53846
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.21131
VADER
-0.922
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2443957608
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1508774818
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0634817232
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0442264223
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0319796032
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0025897369
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008955081
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003701996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002367595
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000152174
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001132238
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.7
Gunning-Fog Score
15.3
Coleman-Liau Index
9.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
50
Sprache Difficult Word Count
51

Anthony Cordesman

The International Institute of Stategic Studies estimates that the Iraqi army still can deploy some 375,000 men, organized into seven corps, with two Republican Guard corps and five regular army corps. These forces include six Republican Guard divisions (3 armored, 1 mechanized, and 2 infantry) plus four Special Republican Guard brigades. The regular army has some 16 divisions, and while 11 are relatively low-grade infantry divisions, 3 are armored divisions and 3 are mechanized divisions. The regular army also has five commando and two special forces brigades.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.7346
VADER
0.66
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.4132455923
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1707619405
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0889475981
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0671526126
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0505085743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0017555918
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0009244975
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0008842628
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005930304
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001465354
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.2381E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.7
Gunning-Fog Score
16.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
37
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24

Anthony Cordesman

While these units lack modern training and the regular army units are heavily dependent on conscripts, over one third are full time regulars or long-service reservists, U.S. experts estimate that Iraqi divisions differ significantly by unit, but have an average authorized strength of about 10,000 men, and that about half of the 23 Iraqi divisions have manning levels of around 8,000 men, and "a fair state of readiness," Although at least half of the regular army has manning levels of about 70% of authorized strength or lower, and some infantry units have very poor manning levels, and are heavily dependant on Shi'ite, Kurdish and Turkoman conscripts.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.43532
VADER
0.723
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1077266061
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0410533336
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.020318797
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0116069219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0038490743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.002580512
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0009013532
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001624234
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.85365E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.45258E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.83103E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
40
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31

Anthony Cordesman

Republican Guard Divisions have an average authorized strength of around 8,000 to 10,000 men, and seem to average at least 80% of authorized strength. Brigades average around 2,500 men -- the size of a large U.S. battalion.\2\ Both sets of estimates give Iraq a total force, today, of approximately 20-23 division-equivalents, versus 35-40 division-equivalents in the summer of 1990, and 67-70 division- equivalents in January 1991 -- just before the Coalition offensives began in the Gulf War.\3\ Iraqi manning levels are, however, uncertain. There are many reports of badly undermanned units, but Iraq has also carried out a number of reserve call ups in 2002.\4\
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.45455
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.45455
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8873
VADER
0.153
Leans Positive
Moderation
Harassment
1.0286927223
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2237855224
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1960712485
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0435126538
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0061982842
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0056719913
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0038428869
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004305177
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001789656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001593403
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.77434E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.4
Gunning-Fog Score
11.7
Coleman-Liau Index
9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
5.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
37
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Anthony Cordesman

The Iraqi Army relies on large numbers of combat-worn and obsolescent weapons, but it does have some 700 relatively modem T-72 tanks, 900 BMP-series armored infantry fighting vehicles (AIFVs), 150 self-propelled artillery weapons, and 200 multiple rocket launchers. It has extensive stocks of AT-3, AT-4, Milan, and High-subsonic Optically Teleguided (HOT) antitank guided weapons, and roughly 100 attack and 275 utility/transport helicopters. The mobile elements of Iraq's 17,000 man Air Defense Command can deploy large numbers of manportable surface-to-air missiles, plus SA-7, SA-8, SA-9, and Roland vehicle mounted surface-to-air missiles. Iraqi logistics are weak, subjecgt to political controls to prevent coup attempts, and limited by sanctions that have prevented most arms imports for over a decade. Iraqi combat engineering and bridging however, is good.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.26826
VADER
-0.966
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0552128593
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0140647258
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0055526561
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005523776
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0005505374
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002954527
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.12324E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
3.7473E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.45595E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.7807E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.6636E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.4
Gunning-Fog Score
17.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
60
Sprache Difficult Word Count
65

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq also has extensive internal security and paramilitary forces. The entire police and law enforcement system performs internal security functions, and there are parallel internal security services with units in virtually every town and city. The Republican Guard and Special Republican Guard units are specially trained for urban warfare and security operations, as well as conventional military operations, and there are three paramilitary forces. The security troops have some 15,000 men, the border guards around 9,000, and Saddam's Fedayeen consist of 18,000 to 20,000 men.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.54654
VADER
0.912
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.3349188017
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1463622204
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1015304821
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0128378088
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0078946665
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006260859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001490911
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.36386E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.02397E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
3.96684E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.81436E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24.6
Gunning-Fog Score
18.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
40
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31

Anthony Cordesman

The Iraqi Air Force has around 30,000 men. It still has some 316 combat aircraft, although only about 50-60% are servicable. Senior pilots still fly 60-120 hours a year depending on the aircraft, but junior pilots fly as few as 20.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
-0.178
Leans Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0790561084
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0719254604
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0219254012
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0082728773
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0041125946
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0017317368
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007392559
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001458717
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.97932E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.74387E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.9186E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
84.3
Gunning-Fog Score
9.5
Coleman-Liau Index
6
SMOG Index
10.6
Automated Readability Index
3.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.7
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10

Anthony Cordesman

The IISS estimates that the air force has 6 obsolete H-6D and Tu-22 bombers, and 130 attack aircraft. These include Mirage F-1EQs, Su-20s, 40 Su-22s, 2 Su-24s, and 2 Su-25s. Iraq still has extensive stocks of short-range air-to-ground missiles and cluster bombs. It also has 180 air defense fighters, including 12 MiG-25s, 50 Mirage F-1EQs, and 10 MiG-29s, plus 5 MiG-25 reconnaissance aircraft. Additionally, the air force has extensive stocks of MiG-21s, training aircraft, and drones, and has experimented with using them as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs). It stlll has 2 IL-76 tankers and large numbers of transport aircraft.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.751
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.053166243
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0417756994
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0035987403
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0030596213
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0026453507
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0003564252
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000312209
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001285495
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.67972E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.56101E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.3073E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
73.8
Gunning-Fog Score
12.4
Coleman-Liau Index
8
SMOG Index
11.7
Automated Readability Index
7.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
53
Sprache Difficult Word Count
40

Anthony Cordesman

Jane's provides a different estimate with the following key combat types; the number estimated to be in service are shown in parenthesis: 40(0) F-7, 30 (13) Mirage F-1EQ, 36 (15-25) MiG-21, 35 (15-20) MiG23, 6 (3-6) MiG-25, 17 (1) MiG-29, 33 (15-18) Su-20/22, 21 (6-11) Su-25, 2 T- 22, and 3 Tu-16.\5\
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
-0.273
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.2911250805
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.2488697413
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0420012715
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0291943987
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0141167082
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.00041846
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002827115
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001827877
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001601595
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.82702E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.95608E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
16.5
Coleman-Liau Index
0
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
5.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16

Anthony Cordesman

Air Force air-to-air and air-to-ground training is limited and unrealistic. In the past, command and control has been over-centralized and mission planning has often set impossible goals. The two No Fly zones have further limited air training and comat experience. There are no modern airborne sensor, command and control, or intelligence capabilities, other than a small number of UAVs. Air control and warning is still heavily dependent on outdated ground-based intercept capabilities. The Air Force has, however, practiced penetration raids by single low-flying aircraft, and has shown that it can conduct independent offensive operations at the small formation level.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.7346
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.29412
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.29412
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.57054
VADER
-0.802
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.0760887526
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.3500945633
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2447787439
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0498884358
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0238767214
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0068117275
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011324682
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007185261
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005224932
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004322158
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002468845
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.4
Gunning-Fog Score
14.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
42
Sprache Difficult Word Count
42

Anthony Cordesman

The heavy surface-to-air missile forces of the Air Defense Command are still organized into one of the most dense defensive networks in the world. There are four regional air defense centers at Kirkuk (north), Kut al Hayy (east), Al Basra (south), and Ramadia (west). Major command facilities are underground and hardened. Additionally, there is a network of redundant radars and optical fibre command links. Reports differ over the extent to which China has helped Iraq create a modern and highly survivable optical fibre command net. There are unconfirmed reports of more modern radars being smuggled in from the Ukraine.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.123
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.9785331786
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1692418475
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0596208556
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0382003578
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0343947468
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0061235063
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0026420608
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.59162E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.61742E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.49003E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.6326E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.2
Gunning-Fog Score
11.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
43
Sprache Difficult Word Count
45

Anthony Cordesman

The system is backed by extensive low-altitude anti-aircraft (AA) guns, and SA-8b, SA-11, and SA-13 short and medium range missiles. The Sterla 2 and 10 (SA-7 and SA-1O) are used for terminal defense of key buildings. Iraq has learned to rapidly move its fire units and sensors, use urban cover and decoys, use "pop-on radar" guidance techniques, and optical tracking. Its mix of SA-2s, SA-3s, and SA-6s is badly outdated, but some modifications have been made.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
-0.351
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Harassment
1.4244175516
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.2475435613
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2083120402
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1898695831
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0217939305
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0122744677
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0118048018
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0022254439
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0019593914
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0015782744
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002869613
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.1
Gunning-Fog Score
13.3
Coleman-Liau Index
7.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq has learned a great deal about land-based air defense operations from the Gulf War and more than ten years of operations against the U.S. and British aircraft enforcing the "No Fly Zones." Iraq provided significant aid to Serbia in air defense tactics during the fighting in Kosovo, and helped Serbia make effective use of decoys, "pop-on" and remotely linked radar activity, various ambush tactics, and the use of deployments in civilian areas to limit NATO will ingross.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.03609
VADER
0.34
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.4660643414
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.4292599857
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1419548993
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0732011395
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0119619559
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0034852597
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0019627258
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0007973562
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0006133449
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002910592
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.5353E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.2
Gunning-Fog Score
14.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
33

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq is certain to have developed contingency plans to move and disperse its land-based air defenses in the event of a major U.S.-led attempt to overthrow the regime, and to try to concentrate such defenses to protect the regime and try to use them to partially compensate for the lack of an effective Iraqi Air Force.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.16705
VADER
0.785
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0790268823
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0352678238
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0118462987
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0038644554
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0031616488
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0017263168
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.001664499
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0009260743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.80806E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.17796E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.3133E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.8
Gunning-Fog Score
14
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Anthony Cordesman

To strike, Iraq has developed some countermeasures to U.S. anti- radiation missiles since the Gulf War, and has recently begun to get significant equipment through Syria.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.58779
VADER
-0.71
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.3346602665
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0807482051
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.033251103
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0135883107
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0085732245
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0013006359
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009875705
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005357244
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001111384
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.01839E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.09896E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.3
Gunning-Fog Score
12.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
2.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Anthony Cordesman

The 2,000 man Iraqi Navy has never been an effective force and was devastated during the Gulf War. It now has only 6 obsolete Osa and Bogomol guided missile patrol craft, and three obsolete Soviet inshore minesweepers. Iraq does, however, retain all of the shore-based Silkworm and other anti-ship missiles it had at the time of the Gulf War, and extensive stocks of mines -- some of them relatively modern and sophisticated. (The U.S. never succeeded in targeting land-based Iraqi anti-ship missiles during the Gulf War, and the U.S. and British Navies entered Iraqi mine fields without detecting their presence.)
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.58779
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.375
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.375
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.7376
VADER
-0.956
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.7829337381
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0379144098
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.023931943
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0096644537
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0072964613
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0009893068
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0008741651
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0006201216
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003386563
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001821975
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
9.45943E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
58.5
Gunning-Fog Score
9.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
11.6
Automated Readability Index
6.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
36
Sprache Difficult Word Count
33

Anthony Cordesman

It is difficult to generalize about Iraqi forces where each land and air unit has such different levels of effectiveness and where political and internal security considerations are so important however, Iraq has demonstrated that it can still carry out significant ground force exercises and fly relatively high sortie rates. It has not, however, demonstrated training patterns that show its army has consistent levels of training, can make effective use of combined arms above the level of some individual brigades, or has much capability for joint land-air operations. It also has not demonstrated that it can use surface-to-air missiles in a well-organized way as a maneuvering force to cover its deployed land forces.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.44
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.44
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.90287
VADER
0.586
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
7.0783980191
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2020078711
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1493736636
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1111617312
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0959986995
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.034920132
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0193343629
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.004759556
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0038061851
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011135628
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009737685
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
17.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
36
Sprache Difficult Word Count
35

Anthony Cordesman

Sanctions and the impact of the Gulf War have also had a major impact on Iraqi war fighting capabilities. Iraq has not been able to fund and/or import any major new conventional warfare technology to react to the lessons of the Gulf War, or to produce any major equipment -- with the possible exception of limited numbers of Magic "dogfight" air-to-air missiles. Iraq's inability to recapitalize and modernize its forces means that much of its large order of battle is now obsolescent or obsolete, has uncertain combat readiness, and will be difficult to sustain in combat. It also raises serious questions about the ability of its forces to conduct long-range movements or maneuvers, and then sustain coherent operations.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.94444
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.48955
VADER
-0.982
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
3.8455717266
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.5395771936
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3691954771
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1297476003
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0848435564
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0278076826
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0210355487
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0035937985
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0023081358
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0019329644
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.000212959
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
42
Sprache Difficult Word Count
44

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq has, however, maintained much of the clandestine arms purchasing network that it set up during the time of the Iran-Iraq War. It has prior experience in buying from some 500 companies in 43 countries, and has set up approximately 150 small purchasing companies or agents. Intelligence experts feel that Iraq also has an extensive network of intelligence agents and middlemen involved in arms purchases. Iraq has probably obtained some air defense equipment from countries like the Ukraine and China, and may have been able to smuggle in some spare parts through Syria, Turkey, and Jordan.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.57143
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.57143
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.18958
VADER
0.402
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.9616883472
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0936566037
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0340933737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0314936595
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0300492538
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.005878591
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0017403623
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0014393345
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009215222
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000841673
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005977221
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
45.3
Gunning-Fog Score
16.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Anthony Cordesman

Deliveries through Syria have become significant since mid-2001, and include parts and weapons assemblies for MiG and Shukoi aircraft, armor, and land-based air defenses. Nevertheless, Iraq has not been able to restructure its overall force restructure to compensate for its prior dependence on an average of $3 billion a year in arms deliveries. It has not visibly deployed any major new weapon system since 1991, or been able to recapitalize any aspect of its force structure. key problems in assessment
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
-0.649
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
3.167232126
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1584186452
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0767110731
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0214911503
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.018242572
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0028775527
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0018787887
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0017475522
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005851654
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004016837
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000382501
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.6
Gunning-Fog Score
15.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31

Anthony Cordesman

Wars and battles are rarely decided by "tangible" factors, like manpower and equipment numbers, quantifiable aspects of sustainability, or other measures of effectiveness. One historical case after another, shows the real world outcome of war has been determined by "intangibles," where various experts differ sharply over the relative capability of each side. Today some experts find it very easy to assert that Iraq's major combat units will fight with loyalty and determination because of their privileges, dependence on the regime, and nationalism. Others find it equally easy to assert that Iraqi forces they will rapidly collapse or defect because the regime is an unpopular tyranny.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.15385
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.15385
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.29849
VADER
-0.235
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.8173606358
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.4306796007
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0788259087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0537030108
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0467324688
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0074319636
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0062640873
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0056706551
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0026821564
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0013616871
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0013235237
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
16.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
40
Sprache Difficult Word Count
41

Anthony Cordesman

In practice, Iraq's performance in past wars has shown that many aspects of its military behavior cannot be predicted until a war starts, and that these uncertainties interact with the uncertainties affecting any predictions about the military performance of Iraq's opponents. The following "intangibles" and uncertainties regarding Iraqi warfighting capability affect any dynamic net assessment of Iraq: Real world popularity and unpopularity of the regime among the various elements of the armed forces and in areas of military operations. Loyalty may vary across different force elements, such as Republican Guard, Special Republican Guard, regular army with regular manning, and regular army with largely conscript manning. Real-world impact of repression and tyranny versus incentives, nationalism, and propaganda in determining popular support for the regime or active opposition. The impact of issues like ethnic divisions, UN sanctions and the oil for food program, and backlash from the Second Intifada. Willingness of various Kurdish factions to participate in a conflict or ride one out; loyalty of various Shi'ite elements versus uprisings and resistance. Efficacy of the regime's bribes and incentives in buying loyalty. Impact by combat element of more than 10 years without open access to world arms market, along with limited discretionary funding for force maintenance and modernization; and limited ability to smuggle in parts, weapons, and munitions. Uncertain sustainability of current stock of munitions and spare parts. Quality of training, and leadership experience by unit and force element. Reliance on a rigid logistic system, emphasizing "flood forward" techniques to make up for a lack of response to the needs of commanders and the tactical situation, by moving supplies forward in large amounts, regardless of the immediate need. Progress in reducing the past rigidities and over- centralization of the command system, and its failure to allow for independence of action. Real-world ability to execute urban warfare and military operations in built up areas; also, the ability to shelter in populated areas, and use human shields, without popular uprisings or action. Impact of ethnic divisions, tribal loyalties, etc. in given areas. Level of improvement in air operations and in ability to conduct effective air-to-air and air-to-ground combat using dispersed forces capable of independent operations. Efficiency of dispersal techniques and human shields, plus decoys and deception, in limiting the efficacy of U.S. intelligence and strategic reconnaissance (ISR), targeting, and air strike capabilities. Ability to make effective use of water barriers and earth barriers; ability to tie combat engineering to real world military tactics in the face of U.S. airpower and helicopter mobility. Ability to effectively deploy and concentrate air defense assets for tactical purposes, versus exploit largely fixed SA- 2/ SA-3, and SA-6 system. Short and medium-term wartime survivability of heavy surface-to-air missile defenses. Current status of joint warfare and combined arms expertise, and improvement in such expertise, if any. Cohesive maneuvering capability and ability to use helicopters to overcome water barriers and to reinforce. Since 1991, improvements in artillery tactics and methods to acquire long-range targeting capabilities and manage and switch fires. Planning and real-world capability to execute asymmetric warfare, covert warfare, and use terrorist proxies. Effectiveness of the security and paramilitary forces in the face of any serious popular opposition. Size and effectiveness of Iraqi opposition forces, if any. Size and effectiveness of current holdings of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons and missiles, and other delivery systems. Possible possession of a biological or nuclear weapon so lethal that it could inflict massive damage or casualties and make a major change in the level of deterrence or war fighting capability. Existence of preplanned launch on warning (LOW), launch under attack (LUA), and retaliatory strike capability to deliver CBRN forces; deployment of covert and terrorist proxy capabilities. It is easy to guess at -- or to assert -- some judgment about Iraqi capability in any of the above areas. It is certainly true that little about Iraqi military behavior since 1991 implies that Iraq will suddenly achieve dramatic degrees of surprise and innovation in military operations, however this can scarcely be ruled out, and the key issue in war fighting is often one of marginal or relative efficiency.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.23077
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.23077
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.46082
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.26946
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.26946
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.54911
VADER
0.851
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
4.0712241083
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.5110120866
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1341038616
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0866007351
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0519636902
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0077597571
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0012409213
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0006934029
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004635866
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004178335
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000386195
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21.4
Gunning-Fog Score
18.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
333
Sprache Difficult Word Count
239

Anthony Cordesman

In a contingency, like a U.S.-led invasion to overthrow Saddam, Iraq may have enough war fighting capability to require a very significant U.S. and allied response. In many other contingencies, the weaknesses in Iraqi forces may not be critical relative to similar or different weaknesses in Iranian and other Gulf forces. iraq and weapons of mass destruction
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.63599
VADER
-0.919
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
4.342244938
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.4619721789
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.4607491661
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.4040396772
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1513395808
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0697957934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0630267838
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0250544341
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0081140075
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0020939717
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001580453
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
5.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq has a much more serious history of exploiting proliferation than Iran. It has seen proliferation as a counter to conventional superiority since the late 1960s. It sought weapons of mass destruction long before the Gulf War showed it what the "revolution in military affairs" and U.S. conventional superiority could accomplish. Since 1991, Iraq has been unable to obtain significant imports of conventional weapons, and it is incapable of producing its own. As a result, it is scarcely surprising that Iraq sees proliferation as its key potential method of countering the U.S. advantage in conventional forces and has been willing to pursue such options in the face of massive economic costs, UNSCOM and IAEA efforts to destroy its remaining capabilities, and the extension of UN sanctions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.63599
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.27444
VADER
-0.914
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0987969805
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0249613717
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.022881625
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0035389105
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0022127842
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0010808
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0006329944
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001419319
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.35305E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.47051E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.41245E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.4
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
49
Sprache Difficult Word Count
48

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq continues to work on its Samoud ballistic missile system and other similar systems that supposedly have a range of less than 150 kilometers -- although none of these systems are believed to be deployed, and lack the range for effective strikes on most foreign cities and facilities. Iraq likely has at least 12-25 surviving Scud missile assemblies, however, and could have in excess of 40.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.128
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.1471564882
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2037295373
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0838459411
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0450369669
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.037868612
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0170222454
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0089473819
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0056904435
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0038091046
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0020951724
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.001347643
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.9
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Anthony Cordesman

UNSCOM inspectors note that UNSCOM's claims to have identified 817 out of 819 Scud imports are extremely soft and may well have an error of 60 weapons, and that no accurate count exists of Iraqi produced components. This could give Iraq a range of 20-80 operational Scuds and Iraq has shown in the past that it can produce its own TEL launchers. Iraq also continues development work on shorter range missiles since missiles with ranges of 150-kilometers or less are permitted under the terms of the ceasefire.\6\ UNSCOM made it clear in all of its reports, up through the final expulsion of its inspectors from Iraq, that Iraq was concealing the nature of its chemical and biological weapons effort and had systematically lied in every major disclosure report it had submitted to UNSCOM from the start to the end of the inspection effort.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.99853
VADER
-0.823
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.3912620712
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0959141296
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0580841093
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0257770618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0084150612
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0045200923
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005734523
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004930628
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004596825
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002598106
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001187409
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
11.1
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
54
Sprache Difficult Word Count
45

Anthony Cordesman

In spite of the Gulf War, and nearly eight years of UNSCOM efforts before Iraq forced an end to the UN inspection effort, Iraq still presents a major threat in terms of proliferation. It is all too clear that Iraq may have increased this threat since active UNSCOM and IAEA efforts ended in December 1998. It is known to have continued to import precursors for chemical weapons and may have increased its holdings of biological growth agents. No one can dismiss the risk that Iraq does have weapons with very high real-world lethalities.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.36772
VADER
-0.914
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
2.3913320154
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0589839299
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.035057796
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0281526067
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0198595255
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0017993469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0014738996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005013458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004484126
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.96544E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.2926E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
54.3
Gunning-Fog Score
13.2
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Anthony Cordesman

Much depends on how well Iraq has organized its CBRN forces and weaponized its chemical and biological agents. Virtually nothing is known in the unclassified literature about the Iraqi process since 1991 in this latter area, which can affect the real-world lethality of chemical and biological warheads, bombs, munitions, and sprayers by up to two orders of magnitude.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.273
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.5744328257
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2753329929
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0349674519
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0247232645
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0089721761
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0011379701
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008412083
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003937162
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.17889E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.00105E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.34841E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24.9
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq developed effective 155-mm artillery and 122-mm multiple rocket rounds for the delivery of chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq War and could probably modify such technology to deliver biological weapons. The effective use of chemical weapons armed with artillery and multiple rocket rounds against large enemy ground forces does, however, require an extensive inventory of munitions, however, even in using VX- gas. It is unclear that Iraq could conceal the production, deployment, and training for an operation of this scale. The delivery of biological agents using such weapons would present two critical problems: The effects would probably only develop after the battle was over and there would be a serious risk of secondary effects if the agent blew back over Iraqi troops and civilian areas. The use of such attacks cannot be ruled out, however, particularly as a last extreme, and the troops firing such weapons would not have to be informed of such risks.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.09091
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.09091
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.16705
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.18182
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.18182
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.3514
VADER
-0.985
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.4982366227
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1063443953
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.052828074
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0423838297
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0384926185
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0089104804
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004778651
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001158282
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.93703E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.1046E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.37317E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24.8
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
59
Sprache Difficult Word Count
51

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq has had cluster bomb technology since the Iran-Iraq War, and has long had the theoretical engineering capability to use non- explosive release mechanisms like air bags to release chemical and biological munitions. Before the Gulf War, Iraq developed crude parachute release designs for its missile warheads, systems which would be substantially more effective than the primitive contact fuse warheads and bombs it had at the time of the war, and which might well have produced negligible weapons effects if they had ever been used.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.05882
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.05882
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.11123
VADER
-0.936
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1377121313
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0155743226
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0129395441
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0037746653
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0029232844
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0007627565
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002676139
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001263372
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.08105E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.99452E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.88638E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
19.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
36
Sprache Difficult Word Count
33

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq must realize that the crude contact fusing, and chemical/ biological warhead/bomb designs, it had at the time of the Gulf War drastically limited the effectiveness of its CBRN weapons. Iraq has had strong incentives to correct these problems for over a decade, and the development of parachute release weapons is only moderately challenging. Iraq has also had a decade to adapt non-destructive dissemination technology like airbags. Nevertheless, experts are deeply divided over Iraq's systems integration and engineering skill and the probability that Iraq has developed lethal missile warheads.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.95551
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.852
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
3.6925241351
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.5096934736
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.2473117085
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0643280859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0519297668
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0467977748
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0058788719
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0020530524
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005739217
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004871697
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003293718
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
22.9
Gunning-Fog Score
17.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
46
Sprache Difficult Word Count
43

Anthony Cordesman

There is broad agreement among experts that Iraq has probably developed effective sprayer and line source-delivery technology since the Gulf War. This is the most lethal way to deliver chemical and biological weapons, and is far more effective than using even advanced missile warheads. Iraq also experimented at the time of the Gulf War with using aircraft like the Czech L-29 trainer as a remotely piloted drone to carry out such deliveries at long ranges, and U.S. forces were deeply concerned that Iraq might be using its UAVs for such missions early in the Gulf War. The use of fighters, helicopters, and drones for such missions requires relatively large aircraft, and they would be vulnerable to air defenses. It is at least possible, however, that Iraq could use its best strike aircraft to fly a one-way mission and succeed in penetrating deep into Southern Gulf, Turkish, and Kurdish territory or the rear area of U.S.-led coalition ground forces. It is also possible that Iraq might be able to use a drone, UAV, or modified fighter, GPS, and earth-hugging flight profiles to create the equivalent of cruise missiles for such missions with sufficient accuracy and reliability to attack city sized targets at long ranges.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.20067
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.66905
VADER
0.567
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.6785459593
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0657534518
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.060603593
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.041649153
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.022377749
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0018411856
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001986728
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.13494E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.8271E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.7867E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.6467E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.5
Gunning-Fog Score
14.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
76
Sprache Difficult Word Count
65

Anthony Cordesman

Similar critical uncertainties exist in other areas of Iraqi CBRN warfighting. Several UNSCOM inspectors believe that Iraq lied about its ability to produce a stable form of persistent VX nerve gas during the time Iraq was still under inspection, just as it had lied earlier about weaponizing of VX. Iraq's mustard gas inventory proved to be highly stable during the period of inspection, and it seems likely that Iraq now has both stable non-persistent and persistent nerve gas. Iraq is known to have continued to smuggle in precursor chemicals during the inspection period and since 1998. Persistent VX would probably be at least 10 times more lethal than anything Iraq used in the Iran-Iraq War or against its Kurds.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.4
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.4
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.76214
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.23077
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.43532
VADER
-0.804
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
6.9139808416
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
3.7062183022
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
1.9269032404
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
1.1945886537
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
1.0370079428
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.8680362254
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0707749918
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0298664352
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.021729026
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0122364872
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0049462775
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
48
Sprache Difficult Word Count
41

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq has experimented with the conversion of biological agents into dry, coated micropowders that can be lethal to two orders of magnitude or more versus slurries of wet agents. At least in the case of the most lethal, advanced weaponized forms of dry-storable Anthrax -- such biological weapons can achieve the lethality of simple nuclear fission weapons. They can have far more immunity to heat and sunlight, disseminate without clumping, and are extremely lethal when inhaled. They can be non-explosively disseminated with air bag technology, and are far better suited to use in bombs, missile warheads, and covert attacks. Similarly, little is known about any Iraqi advances in sprayer and line-source delivery technology, and in tailoring CB agents to make them more effective in such delivery profiles. Contrary to some literature, truly effective line source and sprayer delivery is a complex engineering problem involving both the agent and delivery system.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.95551
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.26316
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.26316
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.484
Positive
Moderation
Violence
2.9439747334
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.4830065649
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.3105087206
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1715066959
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1102386974
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0157834584
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0010970633
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0008603737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004054636
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002105284
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001069849
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.9
Gunning-Fog Score
18
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
63
Sprache Difficult Word Count
57

Anthony Cordesman

The greatest single unknown, in terms of Iraqi capability to use biological agents, consists of infectious agents like Smallpox and Plague. Iraq was one of the last countries to have a natural outbreak of smallpox and may well have the culture. Smallpox is easy to reproduce in a small facility and is infectious enough so agents willing to commit suicide or individuals who are unwittingly exposed could create serious corridors of infection. The long period between exposure and symptoms deprives such agents of immediate impact in war fighting scenarios, but they could be used in port, airbase, or rear areas during the staging of enemy forces with limited risk because Iraq's borders would be sealed. Infiltrating the agent into Turkey, Southern Gulf states, Israel, or the U.S. and U.K. would be an option; as is sending in exposed unwitting or deliberately infected individuals. No meaningful capability now exists to screen for the agent or exposed individuals, and agents carrying Smallpox agent could be immunized, as could those infecting unwitting subjects.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.63636
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.63636
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.335
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.934
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.7728418112
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.6185376085
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.4923746455
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0880392268
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0218032408
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0035706882
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0020469628
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004624544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002436632
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001779228
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001075697
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
38.4
Gunning-Fog Score
14.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
71
Sprache Difficult Word Count
65

Anthony Cordesman

IAEA and U.S. intelligence experts privately put little or no faith in the claims of various Iraqi defectors that Iraq retains the ability to make fissile material, has extensive covert fissile material production facilities, and has workable bomb designs small enough to be used in missile warheads. IAEA experts note that the Iraqi diffusion effort was never effective, that the Calutron designs fell far short of meeting specification, and that Iraq's centrifuge designs proved to be far less effective during laboratory review than they initially estimated, and that Iraq does not seem to have understood the technical problems in using centrifuges to enrich fissile material beyond 90%. They note that cascades of centrifuges are relatively easy to conceal in multistory buildings, but that Iraq is extremely dependent on imports to create such a facility and would probably need outside technical support.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.25131
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.58333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.58333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.26567
VADER
0.799
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0212381899
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0012471319
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0011997618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0009666966
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002412002
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0002015988
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001996538
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.43489E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.63282E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
1.20814E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.182E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
19.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
66
Sprache Difficult Word Count
53

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq did, however, have at least two workable fissile weapon implosion designs that could be used in large bombs at the time of the Gulf War, had solved the technical problems in making and triggering high explosive lenses for nuclear weapons, and had workable neutron initiators. If it could obtain fissile material, it could probably make a large explosive device relatively quickly, but not fit one to a missile warhead or build a bomb that any of its aircraft other than its bombers and MiG-24s could deliver at long distances, particularly in low-altitude penetration missions. Iraq might be much more successful in arming any actual nuclear weapon it could obtain, particularly because of the relatively crude PAL systems fitted to many FSU weapons, and the duplicative code sequences used to arm them.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.26316
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.26316
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.947
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0476065063
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0119228287
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.008951265
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0058102134
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0050497434
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.004458582
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0022093725
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005576961
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002373661
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.76318E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.98896E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
17.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
50
Sprache Difficult Word Count
46

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq has shown both that it can disperse and conceal and that it is willing to take serious risks in doing so in spite of the centralized nature of the regime. During the Gulf War, Iraq was willing to place large numbers of chemical weapons under the control of its regular Army forces, although biological weapons and missiles were placed under the control of special units of the Republican Guard which seem to have had a significant element of Iraqi security forces. Iraq also showed during the Gulf War that it could disseminate chemical weapons (and possibly biological weapons) over a wide area without detection by Coalition forces. Coalition intelligence and targeting of such weapons stocks was a near total failure through the end of the war, and advancing forces sometimes had to be warned of the existence of stockpiles of chemical weapons by surrendering Iraqi officers. Iraq mixed chemical and conventional munitions stockpiles without special security precautions and even dispersed unguarded weapons at unused airstrips for possible arming in a last-ditch emergency.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.8
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.8
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.84583
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2381
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2381
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.46262
VADER
-0.984
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
3.7429831922
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.6541325245
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.2267834498
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1232840586
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0206331344
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0073726413
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0048102782
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0029173998
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0025793703
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0005021995
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.55019E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21.8
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
67
Sprache Difficult Word Count
59

Anthony Cordesman

A number of experts believe Iraq could disperse most of its covert biological production on warning or under attack. Iraq is known to have mobile laboratories and storage equipment and to have developed advanced techniques for rapid equipment and material movement during the time of UN inspection. It is not known whether Iraq has developed special survivable communications for such dispersal efforts, or exactly who would control such units and how loyal they would be under extreme conditions -- particularly knowing the probable level of reprisals both in terms of the level of attacks on Iraq and future treatment of war criminals. Regimes like Iraq's do, however, have a long history of successfully indoctrinating and lying to carefully selected "loyalist" units. Such units can now also make use of GPS rather than presurveyed sites, and may well be able to make use of GPS for preplanned targeting or to change targeting in the field. This could increase the dispersal area and the effectiveness with which an Iraqi force would be able to target cities and fixed facilities at long ranges.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.47826
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.47826
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.9904
VADER
-0.226
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
27.5693535805
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
2.4880217388
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
2.1829213947
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.3734655213
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.2779596252
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0599863881
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0391152193
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0184391378
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0107919193
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0022473447
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.2863E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
31.9
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
69
Sprache Difficult Word Count
66

Anthony Cordesman

Cumulatively, these uncertainties make it impossible to do more than guess at Iraq's warfighting capabilities. As such a guesstimate, Iraq's present holdings of delivery systems, and chemical and biological weapons, seem most likely to be so limited in technology and operational lethality that they do not severely constrain U.S. freedom of action, or seriously intimidate Iraq's neighbors.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
-0.253
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
11.38086766
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
2.1729756147
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.2889299542
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.4029340111
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1851382433
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0730673957
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0035068639
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0024297391
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0016159895
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001562484
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.3582E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21.5
Gunning-Fog Score
16.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25

Anthony Cordesman

Barring classified intelligence to the contrary, Iraqi CBRN capabilities must be taken seriously, but do not seem great enough to change U.S., British, Iranian, Israeli, Saudi and/or Southern Gulf perceptions of risk to the point where they would limit or paralyze military action against Iraq by a U.S.-led coalition or prevent large- scale Israeli strikes on Iraq.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.36772
VADER
-0.752
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1393774292
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0365000567
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0072914947
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0018858702
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0014426188
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0010945908
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003418528
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002968618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002965972
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001497816
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.14083E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.7
Gunning-Fog Score
10.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq has not fired any Scud variants in nearly twelve years. There are no public reports that it has tested dry-storable biological weapons, or has made major advances in its weaponization of nerve gas. Furthermore, it seems unlikely that Iraq can openly build up major production and deployment capabilities without them being detected and targeted, and without provoking strong U.S. counter-proliferation programs, including preemptive or retaliatory strike capabilities.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
-0.646
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0717072107
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0534909486
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0248061406
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0036950289
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0015719474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0013352023
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006780157
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000251112
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.70667E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.76312E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.0116E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
29.2
Gunning-Fog Score
16.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Anthony Cordesman

Nevertheless, Iraq's possession of even moderately effective CBRN weapons must affect other aspects of U.S., British, Southern Gulf, and Israeli perceptions of the risks inherent in attacking Iraq. President Bush has already made it clear that the U.S. might well make maximum use of its advanced intelligence, strike, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, and air and missile power to carry out a massive preemptive strike on Iraq's CBRN and delivery capabilities at the first sign of any major crisis or as a prelude to an invasion to overthrow Saddam.\7\ Such weapons create a strong incentive for preemption even in "peacetime conditions" if (a) they can be targeted with sufficient reliability and depth of coverage, (b) the U.S. and its allies are confident the resulting strikes would do sufficient damage to offset the risk of Iraq lashing out with its surviving weapons, (c) the U.S. is confident any secondary effects in terms of Iraqi civilian casualties would be limited, and (d) the U.S. is convinced it can show the world that Iraq was in violation of the UN ceasefire. Preemption might also take place regardless of these risks if the U.S. was convinced Iraq was prepared for the use of such weapons or was dispersed a major force for the possible delivery of such forces.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.09091
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.09091
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.16705
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.24324
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.24324
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.48285
VADER
0.273
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0428819127
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0090386769
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0049863724
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0009778828
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0007816775
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001665477
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001641641
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.4717E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.3356E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.2692E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.033E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.7
Gunning-Fog Score
12.6
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
79
Sprache Difficult Word Count
72

Anthony Cordesman

It should be noted in this regard that the physical destruction of stored or dispersed chemical and biological facilities and munitions stored on the ground presents only a limited risk of major collateral damage and secondary civilian casualties unless the weapons are in densely populated areas. No one can disprove the idea of trace effects from such explosions, such as those associated with Gulf War syndrome, but the probabilities are limited. factors shaping iraqi operations in a major u.s.-led coalition military effort
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.23077
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.23077
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.43532
VADER
-0.896
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1201403094
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0275976025
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0157491959
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0024362425
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0017880247
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005715774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003265802
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
6.00149E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.7334E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.75695E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.4481E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
29.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39

Anthony Cordesman

Iraq cannot hope to win a conventional war in the face of decisive U.S. force, but it does have a wide range of options, and some might be effective in the face of inadequate U.S. and coalition force levels: The key battle is already underway and is largely political. Iraq's best strategy is to defuse the political momentum for a major U.S. attack on Iraq, and to win as much Arab support as it can. This means strengthening the political accommodation it has already reach with other Arab states -- including Kuwait and Saudi Arabia -- and attempting to win broad Arab political support through its support for the Palestinian cause in the Second Intifada. Some form of Iraqi accommodation in terms of resuming UN inspections is another potential option, although one that Saddam and other hard-liners in the regime is certain to be reluctant to take. Using oil wealth and control over much of the media to mobilizing popular support is another approach the regime is taking and one that both deters U.S. military action and strengths Iraqi operational capabilities. In contrast, the U.S. faces the backlash from the Second Intifada, has been unable to mobilize Arab or European support for a war tied largely to the threat of proliferation, and has no smoking gun in terms of Iraqi support for terrorism. The worst Iraqi option is to repeat the mistakes of the Gulf War and send its best forces out into the desert where they are most exposed and have the least air defense. Some counterattacks and raids may be needed, but a forward defense strategy is the one most vulnerable to U.S. military action. Similarly, digging in forward areas, and the extensive use of static forces and earth barriers, could be useful in defending Basra and a few critical lines of communication, but makes Iraqi forces easy to bypass and outmaneuver. A city-populated area based strategy presents the most problems for the U.S. in using air power effectively, and provides the most political advantages in exploiting collateral damage and civilian casualties. It also is unlikely to lead to uprisings or opposition action as long as loyal forces are in place and willing to fight. Iraq may be able to exploit water barriers against heavy U.S. forces, but is more likely to lose bridges and road mobility to U.S. airpower. Pre-positioning forces and supplies to defend a limited part of the country with the most loyal population and most critical cities -- an urban redoubt strategy -- offers more survivable flexibility than either a forward deployed or central reserve strategy. Iraq's surface to air missile system also supports such a strategy. Some form of Iraqi redoubt and scorched earth strategy is also an option. Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields on fire during the Gulf War, and might well try to use the oil weapon in such a contingency. It has already talked about oil embargoes in the context of the Second Intifada, and Saddam Hussein might well see burning Iraq's oil fields and CBRN attacks on major Gulf oil fields as both a defense and form of revenge. Iraq could also combine such a strategy with falling back on a largely Shi'ite dominated "redoubt" by using the cities and towns in North Central Iraq for its defense while leaving as much of a scorched earth as possible in the areas of a U.S.-led coalition advance. Fighting delaying actions inside urban areas offers Iraq a way of using human shields, limiting U.S. air strike capability, and forcing U.S.-led coalition forces to fight on the most restricted terms. It cannot win against mobility and decisive force, but it is certain to be more effective than putting infantry in earth barriers -- the "speed bump" strategy that Iraq used in the Gulf War. Iraq is virtually certain to try to exploit civilian casualties and collateral damage as a political and media weapon, and mix this with the use of deception and decoys. Saddam Hussein's regime will attempt to fight a political battle to the last. Iraq might try to use CBRN weapons to preempt a U.S. build- up, launch on warning (LOW), or launch under attack (LUA) against key U.S. and coalition bases. He might try to use selective escalation to using remaining missiles and/or CBRN weapons to try to involve Israel in the war risks escalating the physical damage to Iraq, and make maximum use of the backlash from the Second Intifada. Saddam Hussein seems to have put his missiles and CBRN forces in the hands of loyalists who might well execute a LOW, LUA, and/or desperate retaliatory option. The problem with a desperate retaliatory option is that Saddam must realize that waiting until the regime is collapsing, and then conducting CBRN operations against Arab states, or conducting covert CBRN strikes against the U.S. when the regime is already in extremis, is far more likely to increase the severity of coalition action. He must also realize that major, highly lethal, Iraqi CBRN strikes on Israeli population centers are likely to trigger a major nuclear war. Anyone who looks seriously at this list of variables will quickly see that it is impossible to predict whether and how the U.S. will use decisive force, the Iraqi response to a U.S.-led coalition, the nature of a U.S.-led coalition, how long Iraq can endure, and what strategy Iraq will actually pursue if it does use its CBRN weapons.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.52113
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.52113
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.136
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.06667
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.06667
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.13272
VADER
-0.998
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0833354192
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0379337172
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0096163742
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0063192965
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0010801942
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0009384733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002579638
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0001589048
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.92927E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.37247E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.82054E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51.3
Gunning-Fog Score
11.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
311
Sprache Difficult Word Count
214

Anthony Cordesman

What does seem likely, however, is that it would take a major U.S. miscalculation about the size of the forces needed to defeat Iraq and/ or a poorly structured and over-constrained U.S. operation, to allow Iraq to ride out the U.S.-led attack through even the best combination of urban and redoubt warfare. Furthermore, most forms of extreme Iraq escalation can make things worse for both the attacker and defender, but will probably end in hurting Iraq more than the attacker.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.64663
VADER
-0.931
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0565296446
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0178287461
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0078624435
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0056213848
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0052951171
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0031167354
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002409326
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001083733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001073099
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.62501E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.05321E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.7
Gunning-Fog Score
9
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
9.7
Automated Readability Index
5.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27

Anthony Cordesman

Blundering into war is not a plan, and while Iraq has many military weaknesses, it is not a "cake walk." The human costs of fighting Iraq can be all too real, and betting the lives of other men's sons and daughters on anything other than decisive force can be exceedingly dangerous. Military adventures that kill U.S. or allied troops and local allies and still end in defeat or frustration are even worse, and civilian casualties and collateral damage have a moral price tag. Here, it is worthwhile to remember another quotation from the classical world, and this time by Pliny the Elder: "Small boys throw stones at frogs in jest. But, the frogs do not die in jest. The frogs die in earnest." footnotes
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.86904
VADER
-0.972
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
11.1437067389
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2780685667
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0055283046
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0050926825
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0038936458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0011912939
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0011127719
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0010358561
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.35704E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.27125E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.00346E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.2
Gunning-Fog Score
10.4
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
10.9
Automated Readability Index
6.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38

Joe Biden

Thank you very much.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0144590653
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.003879454
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0017225215
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0016221331
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0008709938
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002853398
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
8.18516E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.37584E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.2056E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.5998E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.0559E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
97
Gunning-Fog Score
1.6
Coleman-Liau Index
7.7
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.2
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Joe Biden

Why don't we, in the interest of time, limit our questions in this first round to 5 minutes? Let me begin.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
0.459
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1695159008
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0088064269
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0075624645
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0033537122
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0018739109
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0012638581
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002320733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001567515
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001353774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.55332E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.56475E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
87.4
Gunning-Fog Score
8
Coleman-Liau Index
6.6
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
1.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2
Sprache Readability Score
2.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
3

Joe Biden

The thrust of your statement, professor, is that if we're going to go, we should go at Saddam with a serious force, that this idea being discussed of inside out and a relatively small number of people and decapitation, I would assess from your comments, you think would not be a prudent way to proceed. Am I misreading you?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
21.2109938264
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.5535949487
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.5033693742
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.3309179563
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.1631283318
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0135540555
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0092274597
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.005071238
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0027453754
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0013008134
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0011596555
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
56.4
Gunning-Fog Score
15.9
Coleman-Liau Index
9.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17

Anthony Cordesman

Senator, I think that, first, you can always try a decapitation strike, and you might get lucky. But while I don't think it was made a big issue, we thought we had killed Saddam during the gulf war, and there actually was a premature celebration of this. It didn't quite work out that way, as General Hoar would be the first to tell you. Is it worth trying? Of course. Can we count on it? No.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.83
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.5943063181
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0777289679
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0390921079
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0377307733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0038450937
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0020124589
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0014025523
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007052472
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005937242
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005918751
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.52472E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
86.7
Gunning-Fog Score
6.4
Coleman-Liau Index
7.5
SMOG Index
8.6
Automated Readability Index
2.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.6
Sprache Readability Score
3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Anthony Cordesman

Is it possible, when we talk about this inside-out strategy, that a combination of major air strikes preceding the attack, concentrating our armor and attack helicopters, thrusting at Baghdad in the core of Saddam's power, leaving aside the Shi'ite areas, which may well not support him, leaving aside much of his order of battle, which might not support him will succeed? Is that a possible option, particularly if we can bring massive amounts of air power to bear? Yes. But I believe that that option, as described, involves some 50,000 to 80,000 men. That is not a light force.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.31015
VADER
-0.687
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0270546734
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0095858144
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0046389338
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0036444253
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0027095854
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0017694285
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006576928
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000436945
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001115914
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.13058E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.77915E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
63.4
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.2
SMOG Index
10.5
Automated Readability Index
9.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28

Anthony Cordesman

And I would say to you, as I would say to many reporters, as long as you are reporting on total numbers of men, you are reporting a meaningless option. What counts here is the amount of armor, the amount of air power, the attack helicopters, the force mix and the basing. And when we talk about this kind of option, we're talking about access to major bases. And while we might not need 2,800 sorties a day, as we flew in the gulf war, being able to mount less than 1,000 to 1,500 would be reckless.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.36772
VADER
-0.912
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0310032105
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0102881437
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0012871332
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0009230615
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005299054
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002511714
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.61638E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.54481E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.0691E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.0621E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.004E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
74.9
Gunning-Fog Score
12
Coleman-Liau Index
6.2
SMOG Index
9.7
Automated Readability Index
8.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24

Joe Biden

Now, doctor, let me ask you. In your book, you discuss the merits of helping scientists working on the regime's weapons of mass destruction to escape Iraq. Based on your experience, what was the missing ingredient, if there was one, in Iraq's weapons of mass destruction program, its human expertise for research, its design and production, or raw ingredients -- for example highly enriched uranium for nuclear weapons? What was the weakest link?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.76214
VADER
-0.947
Very Negative
Moderation
Hate
0.0347112451
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0285333721
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0259446242
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0018815625
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008391491
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0007106151
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005765577
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.01424E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.95276E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.7088E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.4798E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.3
Gunning-Fog Score
12.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.8
Automated Readability Index
10.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30

Dr Hamza

Senator, the weakest link was research -- that is, research that could resolve the bottlenecks in the program. For example, with uranium enrichment which one needs at the bomb core -- you need some bomb-grade uranium, so you need to enrich natural uranium using enrichment processes -- we were held for 5 years because we could not develop an enrichment barrier that will separate the heavy from the light uranium. So the bottlenecks in technology were the hold up.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.31015
VADER
0.649
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
9.347999841
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.674195867
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2978941659
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0510847487
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0175852852
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0014161716
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0006832272
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004581345
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002956308
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002817018
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002114852
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
45.6
Gunning-Fog Score
18.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
27
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21

Dr Hamza

The same goes for the calutron process to enrich uranium using the electromagnetic method. We were held up by simple technologies here, but these were insurmountable problems to us over there.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.55
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2256768988
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1025156234
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0528528995
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0101391612
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0019767713
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0011933589
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008783425
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000161195
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.69084E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
5.94412E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.72158E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
3.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10

Joe Biden

Do you have any reason to believe they have surmounted those bottlenecks?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
3.3705759794
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.22319993
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0881425571
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0081297847
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0053479602
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0052258849
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0045771456
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.002991861
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0010121754
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005922511
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.69313E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.7
Gunning-Fog Score
11.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.2
Sprache Readability Score
2.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
3

Dr Hamza

They declared they did. In 1993, Iraq surmounted the bottleneck in the diffusion barrier technology and declared it in its full, final, and complete declaration. So Iraq did declare that some of these bottlenecks -- for example, in the diffusion process -- were resolved. But still it leaves a very small core of researchers to be the really critical part of the program. And if these small cores of researchers -- that's what I mention in the book -- were taken care of, the program will be probably hindered.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.211
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.3428313183
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0236770677
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0150273656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0149658357
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.006875251
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004387251
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003808438
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.65482E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.02289E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.30451E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.3516E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
61.2
Gunning-Fog Score
13.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22

Joe Biden

How much does Saddam rely upon the expertise of scientists -- foreign scientists for such as unemployed Russian scientists and others? How much of the scientific research and development is done by non-Iraqis?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.9225726128
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0329855742
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0207444318
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.012156427
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0069767637
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006591238
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
8.43253E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.16365E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.8113E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.5487E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.698E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51.7
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Dr Hamza

We had two experiences -- when I was transferred to the military industry to start the nuclear weapon program, the enrichment group was ordered by Kamel to use the Germans. Our original intent was that using foreigners is a leaky process. We always -- information leaks out by foreigners. Using the Germans, for example, in 1989, Der Spiegel published a detailed report on what the Germans gave us and what kind of expertise we got. So that was a sobering experience. And I believe after that Iraq will use scientists in a very limited way.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.625
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.625
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.34993
VADER
-0.487
Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.0324249044
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0577267783
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0470881874
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0125741644
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0076146178
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0023203027
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.000809474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.70061E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.71501E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.96742E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.97046E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.4
Gunning-Fog Score
12.2
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30

Dr Hamza

I believe some scientists were used in rejuvenating the chemical weapon program, but not many in the nuclear. I believe Iraq still relies on its own scientists to develop its own weapons program.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
-0.665
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.6328723859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.5033438094
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1729938667
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0065152621
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0063085012
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.001659701
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002483176
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.1404E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.78396E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.49163E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.1385E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51.7
Gunning-Fog Score
10.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
9.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10

Joe Biden

In conclusion, how confident are you about your assertion that you used in your statement saying that by 2005 you believe the Iraqi Government will have enough fissile material to build three nuclear weapons?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0.077
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.0307511975
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0279094616
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0084379142
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0063216299
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0061353661
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0046472847
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0019007228
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.001540108
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0011756289
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004669584
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002858044
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.5
Gunning-Fog Score
18.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Dr Hamza

This is the German assessment I mentioned. As I mention in the report, I took parts of these statements to save time, but this is the German BND assessment based on what it observed from Iraqi defectors and Iraqi capabilities.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
-0.214
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0083328523
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0017514529
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011401165
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0011087413
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0003369919
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.00793E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
1.42638E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.2424E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.3424E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.924E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.371E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.5
Gunning-Fog Score
12
Coleman-Liau Index
11.1
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Joe Biden

When was that assessment made?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Sexual
0.0210356098
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0135979266
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0039339509
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0010657247
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0010417138
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004161201
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002018716
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001589925
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
7.72422E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.98249E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.54879E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
2.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
83.3
Gunning-Fog Score
10
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
4.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.4
Sprache Readability Score
1.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
1
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1

Dr Hamza

It was made last year, and there are reports that they repeated it this year again. It was February of 2001.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.0144082107
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0075271673
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.00548059
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0024948402
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0017773431
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.001421702
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0007371925
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005604029
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.43343E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.67699E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.686E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
87.4
Gunning-Fog Score
6.1
Coleman-Liau Index
6.9
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2
Sprache Readability Score
2.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
3

Joe Biden

My time is up.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.3500057384
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0746263308
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0299974461
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0119093973
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0107543834
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0019165675
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018270823
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004340039
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001969206
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001918179
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.06212E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
1.6
Coleman-Liau Index
0
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.2
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Joe Biden

Senator Lugar.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.1435773447
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0842207577
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0163604273
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.006560031
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0044952078
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002451521
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
7.83654E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.29371E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.74291E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.0451E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.633E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
7.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Richard Lugar

Dr. Cordesman, much of the argument about the need to attack Iraq now is really based upon the thought that Dr. Hamza suggested, that they could develop a nuclear capability by 2005, or even Ambassador Butler's comment that at the end of the gulf war or thereabouts, Iraq may have been within 6 months of developing a nuclear weapon. If that is so, and given the point you've made about the efficacy of biological and chemical weapons being very difficult to estimate, the case for continuing the so-called containment strategy is that Iraq has not been able to develop weapons capable of providing a massive first strike capability. And, as a matter of fact, the strategy apparently, as we see it, is that Saddam would use these weapons defensively and simply threaten the rest of the world with retaliation if an event occurred that threatened him.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.13043
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.13043
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
-0.978
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2224141033
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0169845342
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0152824723
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0033402874
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0021265812
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.001770426
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011262163
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001506566
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.5813E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.2146E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.6865E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.4
Gunning-Fog Score
18.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
46
Sprache Difficult Word Count
44

Richard Lugar

However, what is your judgment, leaving aside intelligence reports that may help the committee or, more importantly, the President and others, to determine the imminence of Iraq's capability? What is the case against simply continuing as we are now? If evidence appeared that he had developed a nuclear weapon outside of a covert situation, couldn't we just reserve the right for preemptive strikes or take action to try to eliminate that. Is there a big enough threat that cannot be contained?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.16705
VADER
0.203
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0353279087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0150175969
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0140026474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0032832169
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.001466052
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0007270159
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.000246616
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001792678
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.38627E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.21815E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.6262E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.4
Gunning-Fog Score
14
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30

Richard Lugar

And then, second, if we adopt that strategy, is it possible we could wind up with a policy with our allies and neighboring states that in the event that Saddam did develop and did strike somebody that we all attack together, as opposed to the current situation in which almost all the neighbors, plus our NATO allies, are highly skeptical of the efficacy of our initiating a strike at this point. They suggest they are uncertain that Saddam has the weapons, and likelihhod of development, and worry that in the process of attacking we might trigger the use of whatever Saddam does possess much to the detriment of his own people and those he would strike.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.43508
VADER
-0.947
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.2837410662
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0446966529
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0060697977
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0047443886
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004260306
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0003331396
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0003245927
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.15851E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.22467E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.45308E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.011E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
17.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
11.1
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32

Richard Lugar

I'm asking you for a general summation on the efficacy of containment as we know it.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment > Threatening
0.0884557492
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0876601611
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0516610977
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0227844663
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0202892727
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0102492799
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0064235996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0051410192
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0021983407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0016025335
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000118326
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.1
Gunning-Fog Score
16.4
Coleman-Liau Index
8.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
6.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
6

Anthony Cordesman

Senator, the first assignment I had when I came out of graduate school, in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, was to work on a study of proliferation. That was back in the 1960s, and I have been working on such studies ever since. The ability of experts to predict who would really develop a nuclear weapon at a given time over a period, has been so poor that I think what we really have to say to ourselves is we can't make such predictions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.079
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.0606228248
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0173930457
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0114714065
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0064531137
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0059993097
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0013886774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005305319
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004163447
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001859275
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.103E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.16463E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.8
Gunning-Fog Score
15.7
Coleman-Liau Index
8.1
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20

Anthony Cordesman

I would not put any great faith in WMD predictions. I'm not sure that we can ever predict this. You ask the intelligence community how soon they can do it, and the answer always tends to be 2 to 3 years unless you have positive evidence that they have done it. But the fact is that with areas like centrifuge technology, you never will really know. They are relative easy to conceal, as Ambassador Butler pointed out. UNSCOM found that both the calutron effort and centrifuge effort, the more they looked into it, the worse it was designed, but that was 10 years ago. And to say that nobody has changed in 10 years and we can detect it, is not realistic.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8873
VADER
0.643
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.2188934479
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0733042427
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0370240246
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.008265701
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0074005351
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0066353474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007544002
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001228432
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.63446E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.49779E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.1991E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
70.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.2
Coleman-Liau Index
8.9
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
7.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30

Anthony Cordesman

In biological weapons, the problem really is not the agent; it is whether you can convert it to a very small powder of exactly the right size, coat it, and find an unexplosive or non-destructive way to disseminate it. Iraq's designs for chemical weapons and biological weapons at the time of the gulf war bordered on the actively stupid. I mean, they did not represent a lack of the necessary technology. They were just miserably executed. They used contact warheads, and crude binary chemical weapons and ignored technology that Iraq had already obtained from Chile. There was simply no reason to do anything this badly.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.47957
VADER
-0.982
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1819655532
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1358051086
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0626058434
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0127559542
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0049000239
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0014689517
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0003762256
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001321259
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001064579
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.88016E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.10264E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46
Gunning-Fog Score
14.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38

Anthony Cordesman

But, again, as Ambassador Butler pointed out, we haven't found Iraq's sprayers. We don't know what they've tested. You don't need to do this in the open, and a lot of it could be done clandestinely.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Self-Harm
0.2425340004
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1909182407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1202756539
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0617073325
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0296387152
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0242167938
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0081095757
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0006054679
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001735783
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.000132227
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.88318E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
77.2
Gunning-Fog Score
5.9
Coleman-Liau Index
8.9
SMOG Index
7.9
Automated Readability Index
4.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.7
Sprache Readability Score
2.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9

Anthony Cordesman

So in the biological area, let me make a very clear point here. They may have anthrax weapons today with nuclear lethalities. If they have smallpox -- and they were among the last countries to have a smallpox outbreak -- that is a weapon which has nuclear lethalities.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.33647
VADER
-0.304
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0271397235
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0154898895
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0149414089
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.013265328
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0057448702
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0031648495
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008375565
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002039803
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.9533E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
5.0148E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.1208E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.4
Gunning-Fog Score
8.7
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9

Anthony Cordesman

Our problem here is the more time goes on, the more the time lines give Saddam the ability to get there, and it is far from clear that anyone will ever be able to answer your questions or know when or where or how these kinds of weapons will be used.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
-0.178
Leans Negative
Moderation
Harassment > Threatening
1.1050102301
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.7792726159
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.6747980136
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0247689168
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0070047427
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.005301377
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0029113187
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0020576157
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.37424E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.17276E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.9879E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.9
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
6.9
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
6

Anthony Cordesman

You talked about the risk of going in and striking at these weapons. If they have the kinds of weapons we think they have -- primarily wet agents, old bombs, limited delivery systems -- that risk is acceptable today, but there could be collateral damage. They might also use them on ports, our bases, or our forces in the gulf. We can't dismiss those kinds of attacks.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.31015
VADER
-0.918
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0500901777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.002040459
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0020208226
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0017664155
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0012040727
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005998155
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003055642
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002506569
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001799145
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001425733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.8216E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
69.3
Gunning-Fog Score
9.6
Coleman-Liau Index
10.3
SMOG Index
9.7
Automated Readability Index
7.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20

Anthony Cordesman

I do not believe that any amount of air strikes, suddenly executed, will do the job. I invite the committee to look at the battle damage for Desert Fox and ask very probing questions about the sources of that battle-damage assessment data and the quality of that damage-assessment data.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.772
Very Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0246459502
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.00700807
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0035505425
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0032392905
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0012536606
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004768808
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001755227
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
6.56979E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.56958E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.60028E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.56666E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.9
Gunning-Fog Score
15.7
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13

Anthony Cordesman

I would remind people that we flew some 2,400 sorties trying to suppress the Scuds once dispersed in the gulf war. We saw some 48 plumes. We hit nothing. In spite of claims by some British Special Forces people, the entire Special Forces effort was a waste of time. It did not produce a single meaningful target. And these are realities I think we have to live with.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.245
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0214216125
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0012893335
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.001248173
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0009870403
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002470504
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0002071816
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002027998
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.7706E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.71016E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
1.25526E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.256E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
88.5
Gunning-Fog Score
5.8
Coleman-Liau Index
8.5
SMOG Index
6.6
Automated Readability Index
3.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19

Anthony Cordesman

The fact is, the time lines move is toward more and more risk, as both the previous witnesses have pointed out.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.393
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.7921028659
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1087746467
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1012188732
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0810015248
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0446917315
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0076245138
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0055227087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0036298265
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0030673105
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011834762
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002897265
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
80.8
Gunning-Fog Score
10.3
Coleman-Liau Index
8.9
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
8.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
4
Sprache Difficult Word Count
4

Joe Biden

Senator Dodd.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
1.9002038985
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.8664005436
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.6004713941
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.2027309965
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.1001449418
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0493704283
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0040695588
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0038266277
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0037551123
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011653216
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.34106E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.6
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
5.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Thomas Dodd

Mr. Chairman, thank you very much. I think these statements by our witnesses and the responses already to the questions make the case of the value of having these hearings. And we appreciate immensely your participation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
0.765
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.1058465568
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0209277816
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0073128576
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0037522233
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0034592897
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0029523006
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0007453404
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006984781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0004110913
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002992174
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.19093E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.1
Gunning-Fog Score
10.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
6.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4
Sprache Readability Score
2.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12

Thomas Dodd

Let me pick up again, just on a followup point that Senator Lugar was making, Professor Cordesman, that I would like you to address, if you could, and that is the importance and the prosecution of a military option of international support or regional support. You mentioned in your statement the necessity of having bases of operation, being able to place supplies in forward positions and the like would be very important. We at least hear today of the criticism that is coming from allies as well as regional powers in the region who at least call themselves allies. Could you please give us some sort of an assessment of how important that factor is in the successful prosecution of the military option?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.58333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.58333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.26567
VADER
0.913
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0450143911
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.038063238
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0100719953
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0069163376
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0064853775
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0036172343
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0002990286
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002447228
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001837113
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.52772E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.78924E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.1
Gunning-Fog Score
17.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34

Anthony Cordesman

I think we have to be prepared for the fact that if we do this, it will, in many ways, be our first preemptive war. We will not have a clear smoking gun. There will not be a simple cause to rally around. I think we will have the support of the British Government. Most of our NATO allies will, at best, be reluctant and seek, if anything, to delay it to use the U.N. But we had some of those problems during the gulf war. Remember, the French Defense Minister resigned to protest just before the fighting began. We didn't get our aircraft into Turkey until 48 hours because the authorization was only given by the Turkish Government 48 hours before the air war began. Coalitions take on a cachet in retrospect that they never had at the time. But there are some realities here. You're going to need Turkish air basing far more, because the center of Iraq's power is a lot further north. Saudi airspace will be critical. So would Saudi bases, if possible.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.3
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.3
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.58779
VADER
-0.959
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.035879956
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0133502719
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0078081546
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0067921901
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0056366782
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002750738
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.34871E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.55258E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.4807E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.0444E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.368E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
75.1
Gunning-Fog Score
7.3
Coleman-Liau Index
8.9
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
4.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
42

Anthony Cordesman

There were 23 airfields and air bases at the time of the gulf war. We used every single one of them to capacity, put Marine Corps aircraft into unimproved strips because there were no areas left. And 11 of those bases were in Saudi Arabia.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.727
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0141468801
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0127759064
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0019413701
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0019078489
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006478508
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0002007321
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
8.57848E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.53813E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.02863E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.8695E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.7751E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
71.3
Gunning-Fog Score
8.7
Coleman-Liau Index
8.7
SMOG Index
9.9
Automated Readability Index
5.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.3
Sprache Readability Score
3.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14

Anthony Cordesman

If we are going to fight this war we, at a minimum, are going to need all of the capacity of Qatar, of Bahrain, and Kuwait. We are going to need to be able to stage through Oman. We probably are going to have to use most of our carrier assets, at least initially, because of the lack of basing, unless you can get Saudi Arabia. And so any assessment of relative capability and scenarios is determined, not so much by what our European allies do, but what we can actually get by way of support in the region.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.31015
VADER
0.485
Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0801857794
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0160525917
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0064861131
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.002794656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0010214544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0010022215
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001275088
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
9.22025E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.99918E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.23958E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.0954E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57
Gunning-Fog Score
14.3
Coleman-Liau Index
7.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
25
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26

Thomas Dodd

Do I have time for one more question?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment > Threatening
0.0426991086
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0329437724
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0131378474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.005524373
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0013546927
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007551747
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004711376
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004021391
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0002633999
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002521852
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001263579
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
3.2
Coleman-Liau Index
5.5
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.4
Sprache Readability Score
1.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1

Joe Biden

You sure do.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.318
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.4313096404
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0413910282
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0146351027
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0074522322
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0051407784
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0012200411
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003706984
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002931182
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.89895E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.47239E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.06795E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
1.2
Coleman-Liau Index
1.8
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.1
Sprache Readability Score
1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Thomas Dodd

Let me jump back, if I can, doctor -- Ambassador Butler, to the efforts of compliance. Is there any sense or any scenario which you could conjure up which would cause Saddam Hussein to -- and his government -- to take a different view toward inspections? Or is that, in your view, an option that has been exhausted and the past events have proved the futility of trying to have the kind of cooperation necessary to pursue that avenue of dealing with this issue?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.433
Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0519833295
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0064434164
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0041874544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.00411285
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0036589085
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0033552162
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004645341
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.23748E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
8.55115E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.6385E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.419E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.9
Gunning-Fog Score
15.7
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24

Michael Butler

Well, Senator Dodd, my answer, I'm afraid, will be a pessimistic one. In the concluding part of my remarks, I said that I believed it was essential -- if one asked the gut question of what is needed here, my answer is arms control and disarmament. What that implies is -- and others tended to agree -- was that it is, in theory, essential that we have Iraq brought into conformity with the law, which is that it must cooperate with a full-scale international effort to, (a) take away the weapons that it made in the past and which already exist, and, (b) institute a system of long-term monitoring that Dr. Hamza referred to, for example, to ensure that those weapons are not reconstituted in the future.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
-0.273
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
5.8069046587
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
1.139925234
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.5035826936
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1279919292
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0531546655
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0042386961
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0041703905
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002840211
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.63873E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.9385E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.0609E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38

Michael Butler

Now, central to such a structure is the cooperation of the Government of Iraq, and it never gave it. Remember, at the beginning of my statement, I concluded from the brief history of UNSCOM, incredibly brief, that there were two points. One, the first point, was that Iraq never obeyed the law. And the other was that it had always been utterly committed to having weapons of mass destruction.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.58779
VADER
-0.641
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.7086241618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.239576865
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1677700086
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0240793219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0050658582
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0026046921
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0016680824
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0016530917
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004864622
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002840522
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001193649
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
61.8
Gunning-Fog Score
12.1
Coleman-Liau Index
10.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20

Michael Butler

Now, I must, I'm afraid, give a pessimistic answer to your very pertinent question. Are they likely to do it? No, they're not. Does it mean that we should, therefore, now stop trying to get that restored? No. I think we have got to go a little further way -- if for no other reason than to make clear to the world that we went the full distance to get the law obeyed and arms control restored before taking other measures.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.65393
VADER
-0.504
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.7279946469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2868906828
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0817534281
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.049391255
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0092947354
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0044347882
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011463409
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002117625
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.23665E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.18121E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.40899E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
82.3
Gunning-Fog Score
6.8
Coleman-Liau Index
8.2
SMOG Index
7.3
Automated Readability Index
4.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17

Thomas Dodd

May I ask you quickly what specific avenues would you pursue to take this the final yard or two, as you describe it?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.0640439976
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0541232352
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0446964434
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0217830646
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0073107942
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0026472437
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006685642
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003717488
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.7185E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.7732E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.9639E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
69.5
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
7.7
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5

Michael Butler

I've said many time before, Senator, and I'll repeat it here, the pathway lies in cooperation with Russia. It is Russia and, to some extent, France in the Security Council in 1998 and 1999 which brought our efforts -- and I don't mean the United States' efforts; I mean UNSCOM and the civilized and interested community that wanted to see this horrible problem of weapons of mass destruction in Saddam's mind and behavior brought under control. It was Russia's split with the United States, Russia's decision that it had greater interest in sticking with Saddam that brought our effort down.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.355
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0078162222
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0074450509
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0027298755
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0020831963
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0012525349
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011064123
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.000318039
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001967646
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001731588
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.44999E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.9475E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46
Gunning-Fog Score
16.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
37
Sprache Difficult Word Count
35

Michael Butler

Now, it follows logically from that, and indeed there's a lot of practical evidence for it as well as mere logic, that the way ahead would be through and with Russia. If we could get Russia and then France -- the U.K., of course, is a given. I don't mean that disrespectfully to them. They've been staunch on this. If we could get Russia to work seriously with us in Baghdad to make very clear to the Iraqis that, "This is it. This is it. You will do serious arms control, or you're toast," to put it simply, we might have a chance. But absent that, we won't.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8873
VADER
0.608
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
6.5336838365
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.3342627082
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.333539932
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1257350086
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0190338891
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.003318298
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0017324801
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003090582
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000188412
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001164267
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.8929E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
89.3
Gunning-Fog Score
6.5
Coleman-Liau Index
7.2
SMOG Index
8
Automated Readability Index
2.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.3
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23

Thomas Dodd

Thank you.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1941460185
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1219290891
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0466544676
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0382350234
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0207759265
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0041629555
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009849575
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006564489
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005261358
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004721667
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001002031
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
7.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.1
Sprache Readability Score
0.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Thomas Dodd

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0408933323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0273207523
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0124980666
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.01071152
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0098537239
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0043755939
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008672846
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002050127
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.36829E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.99747E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.7138E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
99.1
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Joe Biden

Thank you very much.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0075886303
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0027113325
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0019243987
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004107982
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0003782121
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0003109544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001361158
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.1401E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.9654E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.637E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.99E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
97
Gunning-Fog Score
1.6
Coleman-Liau Index
7.7
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
0.2
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
0
Sprache Difficult Word Count
0

Joe Biden

Can I ask for a point of clarification, professor? Without Qatar, without Bahrain, without Kuwait, is it possible to launch successfully a military action that has a high probability of success and a relatively low probability of high casualties for American forces?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.33647
VADER
0.732
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0161599106
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0052484989
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.005043588
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0048105489
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0035180619
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0023518905
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0012000924
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006862657
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003140614
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.59906E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.26261E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
20.3
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16

Anthony Cordesman

You could conduct a very destructive bombing and air campaign, but short of having access to both Jordan or Turkey, the answer would be, "I think not." And, I think it would be devastating to risk the lives of the Kurds or the Iraqi opposition or U.S. Special Forces on some kind of operation which might conceivably succeed, but which would have no probability of succeeding and where we could never back it up by bailing them out.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.16705
VADER
-0.222
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Sexual
0.0318608276
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0108696579
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0049744838
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0036483616
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0024091603
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0014912589
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0009777112
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008854348
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004325841
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.26667E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.8049E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
63.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20

Joe Biden

I thank you. I appreciate the indulgence of my colleagues.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0.637
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0212818137
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0012596082
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0012187317
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0009747265
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002446245
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002044296
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0002028083
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.59722E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.69152E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
1.23829E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.212E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.9
Gunning-Fog Score
14
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
3.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
1.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
3

Chuck Hagel

Obviously, we don't have the vote at 11 yet, so we're just going to keep going. So why don't you proceed, Senator, and we'll go through this round.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0682899437
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0212921441
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0202463911
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0176606991
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0056993344
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0038102815
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0035049281
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0024131128
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0010111893
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003157862
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002497042
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
92.9
Gunning-Fog Score
5.6
Coleman-Liau Index
6.9
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
3.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.4
Sprache Readability Score
2.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
7

Chuck Hagel

Will you all be able to stay? Again, they said four votes, which means it will be at least 50 minutes. Are you able to do that? We may have to go through lunch here, because we have very important panels to follow you. We would make the room available. We don't want to call it the back room, but we would make the anteroom here available to you all, and maybe we can get you something to drink -- coffee or a cold drink of some kind.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.214
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.5431688391
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2067865804
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0554133556
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0360538455
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0149385742
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0032372678
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006587712
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.99932E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.55492E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.47282E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.11547E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
87.1
Gunning-Fog Score
8.1
Coleman-Liau Index
6.6
SMOG Index
8.5
Automated Readability Index
3.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
1.4
Sprache Readability Score
2.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
4
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5

Chuck Hagel

Senator Hagel.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
2.6506284252
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.5648469087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1541554579
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0821457012
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.049000961
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0203280593
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0023013443
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004439144
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003267297
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000173013
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001317076
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
0.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
7.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2

Chuck Hagel

Mr. Chairman, thank you. Thank you each for your contributions this morning.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.612
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0062228864
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.00145667
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0009011933
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0005477691
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001405992
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
5.43245E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.52075E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.48236E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.68183E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
6.2599E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.144E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
2.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
82.9
Gunning-Fog Score
4.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
6.6
Automated Readability Index
4.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.1
Sprache Readability Score
1.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
3

Chuck Hagel

I'd like to ask each of you this question. In light of your testimony, in light of what you have heard your other colleagues discuss this morning, is it each of your opinion that the policy of containment is now exhausted and we now must face the reality that it does not work?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.1074038213
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0544587383
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0161692049
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0101022088
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.009501959
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0014068443
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0013129737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0012261345
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.30493E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.04966E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.8359E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
63.4
Gunning-Fog Score
15.9
Coleman-Liau Index
8.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10

Chuck Hagel

Some of the testimony that was given this morning by each of you, some more direct than others, regarding, if I understood this -- in your case, in particular, Dr. Hamza -- that any further inspection regime would essentially be meaningless and useless -- so if that, in fact, is where you are, and I don't know where the other two are exactly, then containment doesn't work, inspections are useless, and we are just continuing to march around the bush here. So, therefore, we must face the reality of what we are dealing with, if this is the case, and move to another policy. Then if that is the case, what is that policy? Do we have no other option than the military option?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.99853
VADER
-0.877
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.2691152282
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0456568057
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0179427167
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0162265816
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0098322853
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0047821854
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0029432937
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0011114398
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001216846
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.38988E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.70352E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
58.5
Gunning-Fog Score
15.3