Fact
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Senate Floor: STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS
Topics
Entities
Moderation
17 Speakers
Topics
No topics found
Entities
No entities found
Moderation
No moderation found
Speakers
Joe Biden Joe Biden said 256 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
29%
Joe Biden said 5624 words of a total of 17963 words.
32%
Daniel K. Akaka Daniel K. Akaka said 107 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
13%
Daniel K. Akaka said 2460 words of a total of 17963 words.
14%
Joseph Lieberman Joseph Lieberman said 113 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
13%
Joseph Lieberman said 2368 words of a total of 17963 words.
14%
Chris Dodd Chris Dodd said 68 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
8%
Chris Dodd said 1324 words of a total of 17963 words.
8%
Slade Gorton Slade Gorton said 69 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
8%
Slade Gorton said 1145 words of a total of 17963 words.
7%
John D. Rockefeller, IV John D. Rockefeller, IV said 50 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
6%
John D. Rockefeller, IV said 980 words of a total of 17963 words.
6%
Alan Simpson Alan Simpson said 44 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
5%
Alan Simpson said 885 words of a total of 17963 words.
5%
Byron Dorgan Byron Dorgan said 43 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
5%
Byron Dorgan said 802 words of a total of 17963 words.
5%
Orrin Hatch Orrin Hatch said 32 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
4%
Orrin Hatch said 641 words of a total of 17963 words.
4%
Mitch McConnell Mitch McConnell said 28 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
4%
Mitch McConnell said 479 words of a total of 17963 words.
3%
Phil Gramm Phil Gramm said 23 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
3%
Phil Gramm said 457 words of a total of 17963 words.
3%
Tom Daschle Tom Daschle said 16 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
2%
Tom Daschle said 320 words of a total of 17963 words.
2%
Judd Gregg Judd Gregg said 15 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
2%
Judd Gregg said 224 words of a total of 17963 words.
2%
Larry Pressler Larry Pressler said 11 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
2%
Larry Pressler said 151 words of a total of 17963 words.
1%
Barbara Boxer Barbara Boxer said 5 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
1%
Barbara Boxer said 79 words of a total of 17963 words.
1%
John Chafee John Chafee said 2 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
1%
John Chafee said 17 words of a total of 17963 words.
1%
The Presiding Officer The Presiding Officer said 2 sentences of a total of 884 sentences.
1%
The Presiding Officer said 7 words of a total of 17963 words.
1%
Full Transcript
Byron Dorgan
Mr. President, today I reintroduce my legislation called the Derivatives Limitation Act to prohibit banks and other federally insured financial institutions from engaging in risky, speculative derivatives trading on their own accounts. In my judgment such proprietary trading involves a degree of risk that is totally out of step with safe banking practices.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
0.153
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.1504320535
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1289755688
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0598314335
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0513397797
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0309429102
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0027221024
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0025170224
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008886774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005452294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003269189
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.1126E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.13
Magnitude:
53
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.1
Gunning-Fog Score
16.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24
Byron Dorgan
Last year, the General Accounting office [GAO] issued a major report raising a red flag about the risks of derivatives trading. Since this report, a number of financial institutions and other derivative investors have suffered enormous losses totaling billions of dollars. Because of tremendous growth of the derivatives market, which is now estimated at $35 billion worldwide, a major default, Fortune magazine said, could ignite a chain reaction that runs rampant through the financial markets in the United States and overseas. "Inevitably, that would put deposit insurance funds, and the taxpayers behind it, at risk." Most of us know that derivatives are essentially a form of gambling. Derivatives may be the most complicated financial device ever, contracts based on mathematical formulas, involving multiples and interwoven bets on currency and interest rates and more in a burgeoning galaxy of permutations. Generally, investors stake a position that interest rates, or the dollar, or commodities, or whatever, will rise or fall. Up to a point, this is simply a form of hedging risk. Some businesses including banks have hedged in this manner for many years, and my bill would not affect these traditional and conservative hedging transactions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.95551
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.27444
VADER
0.052
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.072279427
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0493153988
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0484074873
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0445135869
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0326575246
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0074652846
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0031138537
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0026928439
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.002031264
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003719545
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002828612
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
88.326
Magnitude:
192
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.3
Gunning-Fog Score
17.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
70
Sprache Difficult Word Count
73
Byron Dorgan
Far from hedging, some of largest players speculating in the derivatives game are banks. Three New York banks are into this market for over $6 trillion alone. All of these banks have federal deposit insurance. The purpose of my bill is to ensure that the banks don't have to use it to cover losses on derivatives trading for their own accounts.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
-0.273
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0391396869
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0284990587
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.01545743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0113450435
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0082134116
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0015909105
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0015302885
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0007281761
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003289759
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
9.01988E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.2227E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
94.097
Magnitude:
60
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
67.9
Gunning-Fog Score
10.7
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
7.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Byron Dorgan
The importance of preventing banks from gambling on risky derivatives is highlighted by the recent collapse of Barings PLC in London. As everyone knows, a 28-year-old trader for Barings Bank engaged in a speculative trading binge in the derivatives market. His actions have resulted in at least a $1 billion loss to Baring PLC, wiping out all of its capital and throwing it into insolvency. It is still unclear whether the failure of Barings will trigger others problems for the global financial markets.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.31015
VADER
-0.832
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0021801063
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0019286852
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0011148538
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0008274554
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002809227
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001419032
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001248731
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.78052E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
1.28347E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.9391E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.682E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
96.722
Magnitude:
82
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.9
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31
Byron Dorgan
This is not an isolated problem affecting a single foreign institution. The list of U.S. companies that have suffered from derivative losses is impressive, and is still growing. For example, our regulators were recently forced to take over Capital Corporate Credit Union [CapCorp], a large corporate credit union, because it loaded up on derivatives called collateralized mortgage obligations [CMO's] which soured over the past year. The General Accounting Office attributed CapCorp's failure, in part, to its inappropriate investment strategy and poor regulatory oversight.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.05263
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.05263
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.10008
VADER
-0.639
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0156206355
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.008627426
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0052745851
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.003114299
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0029323588
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.001827987
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0014180582
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006523344
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002406775
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
8.30202E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.84071E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.163
Magnitude:
82
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.9
Gunning-Fog Score
15.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
35
Byron Dorgan
We can't ignore the lessons to be learned from both Barings and CapCorp, or others hurt by derivatives like Orange County, CA, Piper Jaffray and Procter & Gamble. Banks, thrifts, and credit unions ought not be allowed to gamble on derivative investments because of the potential exposure to the deposit insurance fund. In my judgment, this financial roulette wheel is at odds with everything we know about sound banking principles.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.22378
VADER
0.282
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.009880813
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0031255011
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0019736932
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0012856513
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0007474708
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001060451
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001038387
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.83821E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.41989E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.6399E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.5839E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.402
Magnitude:
69
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
45.4
Gunning-Fog Score
16.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
25
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29
Byron Dorgan
I think that yesterday's Washington Post op-ed piece on derivatives called "Lessons from Barings" also makes a strong case for my legislation. It correctly states that "if banks are to be allowed to trade on their own accounts, with their own money -- as Barings was doing in Singapore -- that operation needs to be absolutely segregated from the part of the bank that takes insured deposits from the public." And my bill accomplishes this by prohibiting banks and other insured institutions from gambling with derivatives on their own accounts. It exempts derivatives activity that is conducted in separately capitalized affiliates operating without the protection of the deposit insurance safety net.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.375
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.375
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.7376
VADER
0.832
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.1240148558
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.111937616
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0180531657
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0179024544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0087489985
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0028009234
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0023505407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002727885
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001568969
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.00437E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.4034E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
95.829
Magnitude:
111
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
31.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39
Byron Dorgan
Again, let me point out that not all derivatives are bad. Some are important to lower capital costs and reduce interest and other financial risks. That's why I do not cover traditional hedging transactions under my legislation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.459
Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.07611154
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0230133825
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0038979219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0030770258
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0019582219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0012765166
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0004050721
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001197909
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.00159E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.4739E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.2749E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
69.291
Magnitude:
37
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48
Gunning-Fog Score
13.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12
Byron Dorgan
But, it's been clear to me that highly leveraged speculation by large, federally insured banks on price changes and the like is not healthy for our economy. It also threatens the long-term stability of the financial markets and to continued viability of the deposit insurance fund system.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
0.25
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.5561097525
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1267562504
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0390094239
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0218639048
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0152347202
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0009195006
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0008247186
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006863344
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
5.53656E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.89011E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.79563E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.515
Magnitude:
47
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
36.2
Gunning-Fog Score
17.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Byron Dorgan
Of course, what individual investors knowingly do with their own money is their own business. But when financial institutions are setting up what amount to keno pits in their lobbies, it's something that should concern us all. I hope my colleagues will cosponsor this important legislation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.44
Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.3407683689
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0188511272
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0116481227
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0055387583
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0042678592
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0027347689
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0017816739
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0010588388
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002320197
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000184045
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.34307E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.33
Magnitude:
46
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.7
Gunning-Fog Score
14.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Byron Dorgan
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that a summary of the bill be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0074513016
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0045427838
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0005511179
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003420788
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003152064
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001474295
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001437363
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001234264
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.72781E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.62471E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.5425E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
68.8
Gunning-Fog Score
8.1
Coleman-Liau Index
9.1
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
2.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
2.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Alan Simpson
Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Film Disclosure Act of 1995.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.045166674
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0063166583
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0034181608
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0024721348
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0012324251
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001790122
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001357787
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.96861E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.67331E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.0551E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.869E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.703
Magnitude:
34
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
83.1
Gunning-Fog Score
5.7
Coleman-Liau Index
8.6
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
1.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
1.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
4
Sprache Difficult Word Count
6
Alan Simpson
This legislation would recognize the interest we all have in preserving the integrity of one of the most uniquely American of art forms -- the motion picture. I personally recoil at the thought of colorizing such classics as "Casablanca" or "The Maltese Falcon." These films were intended to be shown in black and white by their creators.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
0.681
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0099156139
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0026187792
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.002249624
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0018431303
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.000437993
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0003835077
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003756419
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.42868E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.35288E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.16754E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
6.6554E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.673
Magnitude:
71
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.9
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Alan Simpson
Perhaps the most vivid example of an inappropriately altered film is the colorization of "Lost Horizon." That film was necessarily filmed in black and white because the mythical paradise in which it is set -- Shangri-La, a name that has come down through the decades -- is formed by the author's and the audience's imagination. I personally knew one of the stars of the movie, Isabel Jewell, a marvelous woman, she filled me with imagination as she described the filming of that remarkable film. It is up to the viewer of "Lost Horizon" to "fill in the blanks" when visualizing that paradise. Quite frankly, I find colorization of that particular film to be demeaning and wholly inappropriate -- unfair, if you will.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.29412
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.29412
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.57054
VADER
0.881
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0071548529
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0048514215
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.004155669
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0021904576
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006549544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002075762
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
9.37124E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.27942E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.97719E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.74687E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.0274E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.453
Magnitude:
33
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.5
Gunning-Fog Score
15.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
36
Sprache Difficult Word Count
37
Alan Simpson
However, I also believe that any legislation that addresses film alteration must recognize the realities of the international market. The motion picture industry ranks high among all industries in producing a positive cash flow in the U.S. balance of trade. While protecting the artistic integrity of motion pictures, I believe it is also essential that Congress do nothing to impede or harm the financial arrangements by which motion pictures are made and distributed.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
0.402
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0025270107
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0024186145
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0019862859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0007447485
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0002060083
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001751483
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
5.75561E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.57672E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.9851E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.16262E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.5891E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
96.191
Magnitude:
46
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.8
Gunning-Fog Score
14.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26
Alan Simpson
The object of this legislation is to ensure that the artistic authors of motion pictures -- principal directors, screenwriters and cinematographers -- may be able to inform the viewing public about any significant changes that are made to their work by studios or by television stations. The bill requires that labels be affixed to all films that are exhibited in a "materially altered" form. The label would contain two parts: first, the nature of the alterations would be described, and second, the objection, if any, of the principal artistic authors to the alterations would be clearly stated.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
3.21888
VADER
0.727
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1011632965
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0891694508
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0165554869
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.016109494
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0071875198
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0017553759
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0008095604
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004517107
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000107631
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.51247E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.5748E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
54.259
Magnitude:
74
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Government Operations
Score:
21.872
Magnitude:
74
Code:
20
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.8
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
Alan Simpson
This bill does not prohibit the exhibition of materially altered films. Nor does the bill allow the principal artistic authors to have their names stricken from the altered versions of the film. The bill is "truth in packaging." That is what it is, nothing more. It simply gives the consumers of films vital information on: first, the changes that have been made to the film, and second, the objection of the film's author to those changes, if such an objection exists. I might add that film authors in many European countries have much more extensive rights to object to significant alterations of their work than this bill would provide.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.75786
VADER
0.44
Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.122402166
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0409945991
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0222791379
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0197386093
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0045079705
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0038748694
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0016149002
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004113863
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002332226
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001402275
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001165965
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
96.414
Magnitude:
97
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
61.9
Gunning-Fog Score
12.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28
Alan Simpson
Here are the types of alterations -- made by people other than the artistic authors -- that this bill would require to be labeled: first, colorization; second, panning and scanning -- changing the film's image to fit wider movies onto the narrower television screen; third, lexiconning -- altering the sound track; fourth, time compression or expansion -- speeding up or slowing down a film; and fifth, editing -- removal of material or insertion of new material.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0276312756
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0096048643
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.004205303
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0013039023
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0009436606
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002267228
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001297967
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.52732E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.852E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.1599E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.48E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
68.335
Magnitude:
34
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
Alan Simpson
I know people understand that these alterations occur with surprising frequency. It is my personal belief that many of these alterations pass unnoticed by a viewing public which might wish to see the original version intended by the artist. I also believe that these alterations could discourage some artistic authors of films from making innovative films in the future. This would be a sad result.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
0.477
Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0056381083
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0051321284
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0004929184
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004013755
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.000172118
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001016662
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
6.25145E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
4.80294E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
2.13558E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.41213E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.8535E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
89.304
Magnitude:
46
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.6
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23
Alan Simpson
However, let me emphasize again that this bill does not prevent alterations. It does not prevent copyright owners from changing the movie when it is distributed into the secondary markets -- such as television or video stores. The bill simply will provide consumers with information on the workings of the market place for movies: it merely allows consumers of films to make the most informed choice possible when making their marketplace decision about what films to watch.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
-0.015
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.0212135797
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0088100634
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0040397546
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0024631032
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.000432483
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.6877E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
3.11823E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.58792E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.1955E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.0317E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.5726E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.8
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Alan Simpson
Mr. President, a little more knowledge never hurt anyone. I have visited over the years on this issue with directors and artists and actors and actresses who are offended to see the work that they have placed all of their energy and effort and skill and reputation into, seeing it jerked around, if you will, by people who have no sense or no sensitivity about the meaning of the train scene in a certain movie or this particular scene in "High Noon" or whatever was done with power, passion and skill by directors and actors and actresses.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.335
VADER
0.2
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0438815827
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0167968115
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0145581609
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0051541996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0004020018
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
5.7949E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.75391E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.81592E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.8635E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.4376E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.4832E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17.5
Coleman-Liau Index
10.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Alan Simpson
That is what it is about. It is about knowledge. It is about the public's right to know. I hope that as this bill is reported to the American public, we will wrap around the cherished phrase of all journalists, the public's right to know. That is exactly what this is. More knowledge will not hurt any of the consumers. This is all the bill provides, more knowledge to the consumer about the original artist's intent when a film is publicly shown.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.94444
VADER
0.848
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.1023941557
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0597971142
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.011434863
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0104622355
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0097902317
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0015059465
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0011283653
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003651821
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.99939E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.10537E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.6457E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Environment
Score:
92.479
Magnitude:
30
Code:
7
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#7
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
74.2
Gunning-Fog Score
8.6
Coleman-Liau Index
9.5
SMOG Index
9.7
Automated Readability Index
4.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Alan Simpson
Mr. President, I commend this bill to my colleagues and ask for their support and ask unanimous consent a copy of the bill be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0.758
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0082557519
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0044771157
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0030361996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.002606357
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0022485494
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.001018984
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006262023
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.70137E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.2343E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.4601E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.229E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Environment
Score:
91.831
Magnitude:
38
Code:
7
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#7
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
71.8
Gunning-Fog Score
8.5
Coleman-Liau Index
9
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
5.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Tom Daschle
Mr. President, today I introduce a bill to amend section 6901 of title 31, United States Code. This bill will provide payment in lieu of taxes to nontaxable Indian land that is conveyed to the ownership of an Indian or Indian tribe or to the United States in trust for an Indian or Indian tribe.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.836
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.7479062304
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0642818457
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0274729013
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0097942939
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0062416017
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0061259416
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005697966
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.95265E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.9581E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.557E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.236E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Government Operations
Score:
69.515
Magnitude:
25
Code:
20
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59
Gunning-Fog Score
9.5
Coleman-Liau Index
8.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Tom Daschle
In 1976, Congress authorized a program to help compensate counties and units of local government for the loss of property taxes from the presence of tax-exempt Federal lands within their jurisdictions. This program, commonly referred to as payments in lieu of taxes, or PILT, is administered by the Bureau of Land Management. Payments are made for tax-exempt Federal lands administered by the BLM, Forest Service, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and for Federal water projects and some military installations.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
0.103
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.8327205665
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0272392906
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0031041407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0021745063
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0018428087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0011453957
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0009701045
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002159204
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.5358E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.944E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.68E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
32.892
Magnitude:
36
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
23.039
Magnitude:
36
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.3
Gunning-Fog Score
11.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
Tom Daschle
This amendment will provide compensation to local governments for lost revenue from land that is conveyed to an individual Indian or tribe and then converted to trust status. This amendment does not apply to Indian land that was not originally subject to property taxes or land converted to trust status prior to the enactment of this bill.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
0.649
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0609972281
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.006473434
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0020532016
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0017170469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0010286649
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008871202
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.16257E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.8057E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.767E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.0E-9
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.0E-10
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.9
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Tom Daschle
The purpose of the amendment is to provide a means for local governments to be compensated for the loss of revenue that results from the tax-exempt status of Indian land without discouraging individual Indians and tribes from converting recently purchased land holdings into trust status.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
0.373
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.2526097232
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0146778664
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0106539737
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0061809485
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0049257585
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006155189
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
9.08895E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.7787E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.00174E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.50614E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.8932E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
9.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Tom Daschle
The additional PILT compensation will be minimal. Far more Indian land is converted from trust status to fee status. During the past 5 years, less than 1,000 acres have been converted to trust status in South Dakota.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.765
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.3814707743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0663292943
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0096749645
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0070255745
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0044721615
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0021130652
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004126712
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001214596
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.72887E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.7316E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.3878E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
62.218
Magnitude:
24
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
24.919
Magnitude:
24
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
69.3
Gunning-Fog Score
10.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Tom Daschle
This amendment is a fair and sensible approach to remedying an inequity effecting local governments in South Dakota and across the Nation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.318
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0924415886
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0307000213
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0111002664
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.003464218
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0015629903
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0004253089
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002199222
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001690808
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.14061E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.1058E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.3008E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
50.861
Magnitude:
19
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Defense
Score:
32.06
Magnitude:
19
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
23
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12
Tom Daschle
Mr President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0608008995
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.003728411
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0023047487
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0011675575
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008026807
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006011407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001888936
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001769616
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.6073E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.68E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.2E-9
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
69.296
Magnitude:
69
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
70.1
Gunning-Fog Score
9.2
Coleman-Liau Index
8.8
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
6.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
3.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
John Chafee
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0571902434
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.049675256
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0356467179
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0039677507
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0031121021
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0025681093
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004875527
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004756467
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001444323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.55298E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.37327E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Government Operations
Score:
51.689
Magnitude:
30
Code:
20
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
78.8
Gunning-Fog Score
5.8
Coleman-Liau Index
8.8
SMOG Index
7.3
Automated Readability Index
2.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
2.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Phil Gramm
Mr. President, our system of State and federally chartered banks has served Americans well over the years. Many of the bank products that are most popular with consumers were first developed by State banks.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.633
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.3026777655
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1632354455
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0106034713
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0088893903
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018941308
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0013165082
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004933751
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003711601
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003496807
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002702022
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.15091E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
43.584
Magnitude:
11
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65.9
Gunning-Fog Score
9.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.6
Automated Readability Index
7.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12
Phil Gramm
Today, together with the chairman of the Financial Institutions Subcommittee, Senator Shelby, I am introducing legislation to strengthen the dual banking system by providing for State bank representation on the board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation [FDIC]. The FDIC Board currently is made up of five members: the Chairman of the FDIC, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Chairman of the Office of Thrift Supervision, and two independent members.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.318
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0356455101
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0191875544
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0009652633
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005319895
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002474548
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002002332
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0001212677
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
9.92538E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.19349E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.76276E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.34119E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
72.93
Magnitude:
60
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Defense
Score:
20.707
Magnitude:
60
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
15.9
Gunning-Fog Score
18.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29
Phil Gramm
Mr. President, while the FDIC insures the deposits of both State and national banks, no one is seated at the table who can be counted on to present the perspective of State-chartered banks.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1879518386
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0111011119
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0040126477
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.003212073
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018763447
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0008873401
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002138708
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001715612
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.93325E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.6421E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.376E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
55.185
Magnitude:
36
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
34.791
Magnitude:
36
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
72.6
Gunning-Fog Score
10.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.5
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
8.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
3.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Phil Gramm
Decisions made and regulations issued by the FDIC have a powerful impact on banks, whether they have a State or national charter. We are in some degree, a dangerous degree, flying blind without having both elements of our dual banking system participating on the FDIC Board.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.60944
VADER
-0.459
Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1701960689
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0299730047
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0242376758
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0197426765
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.006107935
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0016911315
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001585567
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001472397
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001029767
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.1966E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.8331E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Government Operations
Score:
72.407
Magnitude:
31
Code:
20
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.2
Gunning-Fog Score
13.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Phil Gramm
Our legislation contains several procedural safeguards. The bill would ensure that no one State would be favored over other States in serving on the FDIC Board. First of all, the State bank supervisor would be appointed to the Board by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Second, such a supervisor would serve for only 2 years and could not be reappointed. Neither could supervisors from the same State serve consecutive terms on the Board.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
0.681
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.3231203416
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0121616547
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0028131271
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0014199757
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0009996804
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0005986686
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000312156
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001687445
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001236541
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.29752E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.77477E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
81.632
Magnitude:
96
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65.3
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Phil Gramm
Finally, to ensure that it is the point of view of State bank supervisors that is being represented, should the individual while serving on the FDIC Board cease to be a State bank supervisor, then membership on the FDIC Board would also be lost. The President, in that case, would need to appoint another supervisor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, to serve for the remainder of the unexpired term. Such new appointment could be, but would not have to be, an individual from the same State as the individual originally appointed to that term.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.54654
VADER
0.153
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.7648319937
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0338657526
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0138138654
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0121336576
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0085443564
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0053850727
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0031134143
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003864839
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001560789
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.07841E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.01256E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Government Operations
Score:
66.884
Magnitude:
22
Code:
20
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.9
Gunning-Fog Score
18.7
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24
Phil Gramm
As with the Comptroller of the Currency and the Chairman of the Office of Thrift Supervision, a State bank supervisor would receive no Federal salary for service as a member of the FDIC Board.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.4880234133
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0131584209
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0008953766
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004708335
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.000220229
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
7.08293E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.80908E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.60213E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.2139E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.5826E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.955E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
26.777
Magnitude:
43
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Defense
Score:
25.833
Magnitude:
43
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.4
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14
Phil Gramm
Mr. President, I believe that provision should have been made for a State bank supervisor on the FDIC Board when the Comptroller of the Currency was included on the Board. This legislation will rectify that oversight and bring about the balance that currently does not exist.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
1.2923276983
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1741036773
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0339112419
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0183145006
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0080837177
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0021146981
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008399826
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0004804474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000336874
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.00031322
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.83449E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
50.821
Magnitude:
80
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Defense
Score:
42.922
Magnitude:
80
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.7
Gunning-Fog Score
12.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Phil Gramm
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill and a summary be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0138898919
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0108762732
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0083392115
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0014013436
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0009332797
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008951793
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005660595
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000276063
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.77378E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.40565E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.61904E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
48.311
Magnitude:
21
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Defense
Score:
37.925
Magnitude:
21
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
74
Gunning-Fog Score
8
Coleman-Liau Index
8.3
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
2.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
2.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Judd Gregg
Mr. GREGG.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
1.8600260839
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.2831647405
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.2720792545
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0777939218
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0065244138
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0017984994
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0010815735
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002919629
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001216069
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.79901E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.78543E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
48.938
Magnitude:
86
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
0.4
Coleman-Liau Index
4.5
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
0.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2
Judd Gregg
Mr. President, I introduce the Environmental Infrastructure Financing Act of 1995. The bill will amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow recycling facilities to be eligible for tax-exempt bond financing.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
23.910318315
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
6.3487462699
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
1.1844344437
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.117393746
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.032874124
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0321095664
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.014799925
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0058122969
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.003316615
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0021502883
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003045712
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.191
Magnitude:
19
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.9
Gunning-Fog Score
10.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Judd Gregg
A continuing problem in the development of recycling efforts is the need for markets for the materials that are being collected. Processes exist for remanufacturing the recycled materials into new products, but they frequently require extensive capital investment.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
-0.214
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
3.2621163875
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
1.3629896566
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1582156052
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0482819596
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0127230218
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0027348055
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0023220913
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005166321
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001255889
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.46491E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.27778E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
86.225
Magnitude:
67
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
13.9
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Judd Gregg
An approach that is often attempted is the use of the Federal tax- exempt bond program, which does have a subcategory for solid waste projects. Solid waste recycling facilities should constitute a legitimate application of these funds; however, certain sections of the Tax Code define solid waste as being "material without value." With recycled materials now being traded as commodities, they do, in fact, have value, making the facilities which might process them ineligible for tax-exempt financing. This definitional problem impedes the construction of recycling facilities and hurts the development of recycling materials markets.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.21131
VADER
-0.785
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0634039694
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0203480333
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0110394423
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0099056138
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0015621439
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0009776813
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003531645
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.000165552
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.03307E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
6.847E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.847E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
94.64
Magnitude:
26
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
39
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Judd Gregg
My bill will correct this problem in the Tax Code and allow recycling facilities to obtain tax-exempt financing. The Environmental Infrastructure Financing Act of 1994 will foster the further development of the recycling industry and promote increased recycling.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.681
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.6655601785
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1305355458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.129998452
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0872025965
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0167918639
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0010087458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004894838
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002111293
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001036056
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.29871E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.8816E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
88.877
Magnitude:
39
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
28.7
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Judd Gregg
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that a copy of the bill be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Harassment
2.0960683003
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.2620340325
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0299168489
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0184869859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0041065512
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.1099E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
6.3689E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.39743E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.2568E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.175E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.493E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
89.587
Magnitude:
54
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
73.8
Gunning-Fog Score
5.8
Coleman-Liau Index
8.1
SMOG Index
7.3
Automated Readability Index
1.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
2.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Joe Biden
Mr. President, I rise today to introduce a piece of legislation that I worked on for the last several years. As time has passed, I believe my arguments for the legislation in the first instance are even more relevant today than they were then.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.402
Negative
Moderation
Harassment
4.4793207198
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
1.1131320149
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1088907011
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0454296212
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0091586
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0009064745
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003694389
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002158914
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001914081
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.75277E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.258E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
93.952
Magnitude:
117
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
68.9
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.3
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
6.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.3
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Joe Biden
This legislation will replace the War Powers Resolution of 1973, and it is designed to provide a framework for joint congressional-Executive decisionmaking about the most solemn decision that a nation can make: to send women and men to fight and die for their country.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.25131
VADER
-0.899
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.6036794744
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1768031972
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1604397781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0271885656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0066016379
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0039080311
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006095785
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001819777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001431777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.98315E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.2369E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
95.676
Magnitude:
95
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
22
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14
Joe Biden
Decades ago, a noted scholar, Edwin Corwin, characterized constitutional provisions regarding the foreign policy of the Nation as an invitation to struggle -- a struggle between the executive branch and the legislative branch.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.78846
VADER
-0.557
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0436792383
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0423941907
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0088217996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0065718028
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0045068744
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0010442213
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0009015586
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001290781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.58635E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.85276E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.4976E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
58.891
Magnitude:
114
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
2.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Joe Biden
Professor Corwin's maxim accurately describes over 200 years of constitutional history -- two centuries of tension between the executive and the legislative branches regarding the war power.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.735
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0148165738
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0049932383
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0009002518
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0005061952
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
9.86E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.66204E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.92555E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
1.45299E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.173E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.7888E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.994E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
76.687
Magnitude:
134
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
4.7
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
But over the past four decades, what was intended as a healthy struggle between the executive and legislative branches has become an extremely excessively divisive and chronically debilitating struggle.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.75
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.75
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.60944
VADER
-0.226
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
8.0252096057
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
4.4851824641
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0755950401
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0460353709
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0390561618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0155158472
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.014239845
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0124472223
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0056856003
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0027571245
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0014989299
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
96.916
Magnitude:
145
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
8.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
The primary cause, in my view, is that Presidents have pushed the limits of Executive prerogative, Democratic Presidents as well as Republican Presidents. Their rationale has been the supposed burden of Presidential responsibility imposed by the stresses and dangers of the cold war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.7346
VADER
-0.904
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2458705101
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1239708625
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0031875545
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0025500985
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0020515085
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0012254739
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0011223382
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0009488992
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008560025
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0008260623
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.4111E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
95.535
Magnitude:
67
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.5
Gunning-Fog Score
14.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Joe Biden
The era began in 1950, when President Truman deployed forces to defend South Korea without any congressional authorization.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.5185507704
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.4272477701
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1495970064
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0646690605
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0112687288
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
8.27493E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.18088E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.15428E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.68562E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.0961E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.3133E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.418
Magnitude:
52
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24.1
Gunning-Fog Score
11.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Joe Biden
With elaborate legal argument, Truman asserted an inherent Presidential authority to act unilaterally to protect the broad interests of American foreign policy.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.44
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.9874478914
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.3138678148
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0433618465
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0179956958
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0161618518
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0007791106
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007438719
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003380219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002959645
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001615039
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.85301E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
92.777
Magnitude:
39
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14
Joe Biden
A nearly lone voice of concern, Senate minority leader -- Mr. Republican -- Robert Taft -- known, as I said, as Mr. Republican -- declared that the President had usurped authority, in violation of the laws and the Constitution.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.612
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.1360503025
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0999915996
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.00375542
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0015170757
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0011827619
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0005630542
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004079521
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001804145
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001557889
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.32643E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.932E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
68.334
Magnitude:
129
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.5
Gunning-Fog Score
10.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
7.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Joe Biden
But Taft's pronouncements availed him little, a fate that would often befall similar Executive attempts to restrain Executive aggrandizement.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
1.5320086852
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.3516301978
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1747888979
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0066750952
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.003338743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0012748352
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0010365923
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0007621384
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005121587
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004112341
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0004071157
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
94.991
Magnitude:
92
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
18.4
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Joe Biden
The dissenters were overwhelmed by the proponents of a thesis: The thesis that in the nuclear age -- when the fate of the planet itself appeared to rest with two men thousands of miles apart -- Congress had little choice, or so it was claimed, but to cede tremendous authority to the Executive.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.237
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1251267851
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.115406781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0454861234
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0064273925
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0057552716
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006391074
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005679439
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001461713
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001183907
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.38451E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.4405E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
95.813
Magnitude:
70
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
29
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Joe Biden
By the beginning of the 1970's, that thesis had become doctrine.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
1.2715110555
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
1.0628786869
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.047284452
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0020675194
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0016652835
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0016133517
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0009896342
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000707543
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003529947
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.000241113
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.49795E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
96.565
Magnitude:
91
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
72.6
Gunning-Fog Score
8
Coleman-Liau Index
9.3
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
4.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
2.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
4
Joe Biden
In 1970, when President Nixon sent United States forces into Cambodia with neither congressional authorization nor even consultation, his accompanying assertions of autonomous Presidential powers were so sweeping and so extreme that the Senate began a search -- a search led by Republican Senator Jacob Javits and strongly supported by Democratic Senator and hawk John Stennis -- the Senate began a search for some means of rectifying what was now perceived as a dangerous constitutional imbalance in favor of the Executive.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
0.7
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.5280925669
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.3859890858
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1969154458
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1677854219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0126245883
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0016879734
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0007694326
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0006774837
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004063384
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.08821E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.13681E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
95.969
Magnitude:
83
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38
Joe Biden
The result was the enactment, in 1973 -- my first year in the U.S. Senate -- of the War Powers Resolution over a Presidential veto.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.599
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2841593465
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.027613921
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.017558175
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0138703297
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0079112688
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.001384928
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0008470269
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003957894
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002474833
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001011076
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.0481E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
92.403
Magnitude:
77
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
75.3
Gunning-Fog Score
4.9
Coleman-Liau Index
7.5
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
1.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.3
Sprache Readability Score
2.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
7
Joe Biden
Today, over two decades later, few would dispute that the War Powers Resolution has failed to fulfill its intent and has been, to state it quite simply, ineffective.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.95551
VADER
-0.831
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.7963227108
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.5133368541
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.216691033
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0353545242
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0274853723
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0082343271
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0015184856
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0007190593
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005483221
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002162926
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001764488
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.579
Magnitude:
60
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.5
Gunning-Fog Score
12.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
It is commonly said that every President has disputed the constitutionality of the War Powers Act, but that is not wholly true. President Ford took no issue with the act while he was in office.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.60944
VADER
-0.774
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.3677911833
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.2386169275
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0522135524
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0164010984
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0054499087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0047115696
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0038203529
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0010890399
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0008636999
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004801803
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002525872
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Labor
Score:
95.22
Magnitude:
102
Code:
5
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#5
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
61
Gunning-Fog Score
11.6
Coleman-Liau Index
10.4
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
And President Carter explicitly vowed to comply with its provisions, declaring that he would neither endorse nor challenge its constitutionality.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.091
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
1.2610257603
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0946371176
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0695758674
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0570695323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0296563521
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.012271553
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0016386126
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0008616365
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004228826
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002352615
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001030494
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Labor
Score:
93.275
Magnitude:
56
Code:
5
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#5
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
17.3
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12
Joe Biden
Moreover, the Carter Justice Department conducted a detailed analysis of the resolution and declared, quite explicitly, that its most critical mechanism -- the timetable for congressional authorization of use of force abroad -- is fully and unambiguously constitutional.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.211
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.1103272545
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0786404475
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0753012602
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0139202282
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0074835305
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0005142343
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003572317
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.92374E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.21179E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.61391E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.8498E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
91.828
Magnitude:
105
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Joe Biden
administrations, no body of practice under the resolution developed, because the only two military actions of that period -- the Mayaguez incident under President Ford and Desert One under President Carter -- were over almost before they began.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1740500564
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1233450137
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.017542798
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0049410486
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0034949786
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0029872484
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000912298
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003226887
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002641104
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.25982E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.8288E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
91.709
Magnitude:
105
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
3.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
Then came President Reagan and President Bush, who dealt with the resolution pragmatically while declaring their blanket opposition to its provisions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.5317675415
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.04953756
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0243090035
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0241335409
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0016871511
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002011928
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001907708
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001728687
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.44135E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.30172E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.954E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
80.25
Magnitude:
95
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
28.4
Gunning-Fog Score
17.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
Their assertion of the doctrine of broad Executive powers -- what I call the monarchist viewpoint -- is best exemplified by President Bush's statement on the eve of the gulf war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
0.077
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.0226334887
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0067174769
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0049262235
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0045533056
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0033461922
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.000460927
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001992638
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.97757E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.00706E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.6669E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.2401E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
91.907
Magnitude:
101
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49
Gunning-Fog Score
15.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
With half a million American forces standing ready in Saudi Arabia, President Bush petulantly declared that he did not need permission from some old goat in the Congress to kick Saddam out of Kuwait.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.33647
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0517616456
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0251130288
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0032646774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003365288
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003073525
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0001300233
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.94507E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
3.58025E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
3.47442E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.80959E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.3749E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
88.882
Magnitude:
40
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
30.5
Gunning-Fog Score
17.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14
Joe Biden
Although Mr. Bush eventually sought congressional support in the gulf, he did so reluctantly, and continued to assert that he sought only support, refusing to concede that congressional authorization was a legal necessity.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.77778
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.77778
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.7346
VADER
0.494
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.4334770609
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0764001859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0512333121
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0234389328
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0046866986
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0015392152
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0008083677
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
8.90453E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.78818E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.67661E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.03108E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
96.377
Magnitude:
72
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
20.9
Gunning-Fog Score
16.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Joe Biden
More recently, the notion of broad Executive power was claimed on the eve of the invasion of Haiti -- an invasion that, thankfully, was averted by a last-minute diplomatic initiative.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.4831229802
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.4442839883
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0143389436
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0071094888
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.006855133
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.32017E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.14996E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
5.58448E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.55174E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.24521E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.373E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
92.608
Magnitude:
91
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.9
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
Last summer, Clinton administration officials characterized the Haiti operation as a mere police action, a semantic dodge designed to avoid the need for congressional authorization.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.4660848994
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0987187843
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0954343879
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0122933838
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0008540113
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.4548E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.58351E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.27374E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
3.09968E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.0868E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.268E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Government Operations
Score:
70.665
Magnitude:
58
Code:
20
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Joe Biden
Some of my Democratic colleagues suggested that the war clause of the Constitution was entirely ceremonial and that the President had virtually unlimited discretion to order an invasion of Haiti. These were some of the same Democrats who stood here on the floor and said President Bush did not have the authority to act in the gulf without congressional assent; proving the axiom that Senators and Congressmen tend to pick what side of their issue they are on depending on the partisan need.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.74721
VADER
-0.611
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.4239859059
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1455147518
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1444931841
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0271885656
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0060991169
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.001356733
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001654434
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001598761
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001368174
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.28601E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.11755E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
91.244
Magnitude:
44
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.1
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Joe Biden
We have the interesting phenomena, Republicans on the floor who said there was a broad range of congressional authority, but when it came to Clinton exercising it, saying, no, he did not have the authority; and Democrats who were on the floor telling President Bush he did not have the authority but saying, no, President Clinton does. To be sure, there were some of my Republicans and Democratic friends who were consistent -- who may have questioned the President's policy in Haiti but did not question the right to deploy those troops in the absence of congressional consent.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.16667
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.31015
VADER
0.611
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0236044201
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0217274748
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0057567158
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0027627464
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0026611904
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005825917
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002895817
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002167804
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.77567E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.28143E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.20342E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
80.559
Magnitude:
59
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25
Joe Biden
In my view, the assertions expressed during the Haitian crisis underscore that the doctrine asserted by President Nixon 25 years ago still grips the executive branch. More alarming, the congressional viewpoints I summarized suggest that the legislative surrender of the war power continues, based in part on whether or not the man or woman in power is a man of your party and whether you agree with him on the substance of the action.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.25131
VADER
-0.677
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.5375137087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0346615736
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0178059796
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0172307991
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0011910814
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003977069
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001939022
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000184131
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.86962E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.35399E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.7127E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
76.832
Magnitude:
39
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25
Joe Biden
With all respect to my colleagues and the administration, I believe this President, the last President, and the Presidents under whom I have served have misread the Constitution. Article I, section 8, clause 11, grants to the Congress the power "To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water." To the President, the Constitution provides in article II, section 2, the role of "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States." It may fairly be said that with regard to many constitutional provisions, the framers' intent was ambiguous, but not on the war power. Both the contemporaneous evidence and the early construction of these clauses, in my view, do not leave much room for doubt.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.1431
VADER
0.068
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
2.2988637909
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0672177295
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0567380048
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0201998439
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0189931161
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0051193125
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0045891913
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0012604505
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0012465874
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001060308
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.25842E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
33.094
Magnitude:
30
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Health
Score:
32.897
Magnitude:
30
Code:
3
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#3
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52
Gunning-Fog Score
13.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
41
Sprache Difficult Word Count
40
Joe Biden
The original draft of the U.S. Constitution would have given the Congress the power to "make war." At the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, a motion was made to change to "make war," to "declare war." The reason for the change is very instructive. At the convention, James Madison and Elbridge Gerry argue for an amendment solely in order to permit the President the power "to repel sudden attacks." They were fearful if you said it was the power of the Congress to make war, that could be read to deny the President the authority without congressional power to repel sudden attacks.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.06667
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.06667
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.12516
VADER
-0.979
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.221046689
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0394158706
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0310205971
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0137267823
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0108318811
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0035371631
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0027391878
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006988812
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0006692027
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.67858E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.24241E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
95.026
Magnitude:
51
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
58.5
Gunning-Fog Score
8.6
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
10.4
Automated Readability Index
7.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28
Joe Biden
Just one delegate at the convention, Pierce Butler of South Carolina, suggested that the President should be given the power to initiate war. All others disagreed. Only one to suggest that the President had the power to initiate war. The rationale for vesting the power to launch war in the U.S. Congress was quite simple: The framers knew their history. The framers' thoughts were dominated by their experience with the British king who had unfettered power to start wars and spend the treasure and blood of his nation. Such powers the framers were determined to deny the President of the United States.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.61904
VADER
-0.927
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.0716485316
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0172785949
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0088191504
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0055416691
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0017636634
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001964983
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001506496
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0001383111
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.32568E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
9.8929E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.546E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
92.467
Magnitude:
55
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65.6
Gunning-Fog Score
9.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
7.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
Joe Biden
George Mason, for example, explained that he was opposed to giving the power to initiate war to the President because the President, the Executive, he believed, was not to be safely trusted with that power. Even Alexander Hamilton, a staunch advocate of Presidential power, emphasized that the President's power as Commander in Chief would be "much inferior" to the British kings, amounting to "nothing more than the supreme command and direction of the military and naval forces," while that of the British king "extends to the declaring of war and the raising and regulation of fleets and armies -- all which [by the U.S.] Constitution would appertain to the legislature." It is frequently contended by those who favor vast Presidential powers that Congress was granted only ceremonial power to declare war, in effect, a designation to provide fair notice to the opposing States, and legal notice to neutral parties. At least that is what they argue.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.13043
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.13043
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.25131
VADER
0.165
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1377423643
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0122177502
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0102024344
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0073383344
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0015654054
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005203897
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0004816433
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001255571
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
1.83486E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.28592E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.2079E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
93.303
Magnitude:
60
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
52
Sprache Difficult Word Count
54
Joe Biden
But the framers had little interest, it seems, in the ceremonial aspects of war. The real issue was congressional authorization of war. As Hamilton noted in Federalist 25, "The ceremony of a formal denunciation of war has of late fallen into disuse." Indeed, by one historian's account, just 1 war in 10 was formally declared in the years between 1700 and 1870 -- 1 in 10.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.947
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2436126349
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0634425553
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0064438034
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0013241235
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0007969305
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.00033149
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002245495
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000212075
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000211465
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.92681E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.84033E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Health
Score:
92.686
Magnitude:
29
Code:
3
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#3
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
9.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
6.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Joe Biden
The proposition that Congress had the power to initiate all wars except to repel attack on the United States is also strengthened in view of the second part of the war clause. That is the power to "grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal." Now, most Americans, I daresay most Members of Congress, I daresay most members of Government, do not even know what the "power to grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal" means and why it is in the Constitution. An anachronism today, letters of marque and reprisals were licenses issued by governments, usually to private citizens, but on occasion to government agents, empowering these private citizens or government agents to seize enemy ships or take action on land, short of all-out war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.95551
VADER
-0.912
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1997591928
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.059098698
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0163546094
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0060016333
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0008404265
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0006646298
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004758409
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003115199
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003043303
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.97374E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.29231E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
70.468
Magnitude:
65
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30
Joe Biden
In essence, it was the 18th century version of what we now regard as limited war or police actions. That is what letters of marque and reprisal were. If you are having trouble with pirates off the coast, you are not looking to declare war. The Federal Government, in this case the Congress, could go out and hire out, give permission to, give a letter of marque and reprisal to a local. Think of it in terms of a local security agency that comes by and patrols your neighborhoods. You could give letters of marque or reprisal and say, "You are authorized under the law, through the Congress, to go seize those pirate ships." That is what it was about. A leading commentator of the day -- that is, the late 1700's -- a leading commentator of the day on international law explained the distinction this way: "A perfect war is that which entirely interrupts the tranquility of the state. An imperfect war, on the contrary, is that which does not entirely interrupt the peace. Reprisals are that imperfect kind of war." So, when we hear people talk about imperfect wars, it is used as a term of art as it was used back in the late 1700's. The framers undoubtedly knew that reprisals or imperfect wars could lead to general or all-out wars. England, for example, had fought five wars between 1652 and 1756 which were preceded by public naval reprisals.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.41176
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.41176
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.82098
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.992
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.056835782
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0527371361
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0042333115
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0016455844
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0007027187
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0006700668
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005985938
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001994558
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.17298E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.11377E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.18098E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Health
Score:
43.53
Magnitude:
25
Code:
3
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#3
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
42.889
Magnitude:
25
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.5
Gunning-Fog Score
12.9
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
58
Sprache Difficult Word Count
53
Joe Biden
someone or a group of people to go out and seize shipping, it was acknowledged that that could lead to a larger war. If the nation from which those ships came decided that it was not in their interest, they may very well send a larger armada and you are at war. You move from that imperfect war to the so-called perfect war -- an odd phrase, "perfect war." Surely, those who met at Philadelphia, all learned men, knew and understood this history of marque and reprisals. Given this understanding, the only logical conclusion that the framers intended by vesting the power to grant these letters of marque and reprisal authorizing imperfect war in the Congress, could be that it was designed to grant to Congress the power to initiate all hostilities, even limited wars.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.20067
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.08333
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.08333
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.16034
VADER
-0.971
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.6319432054
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0941945822
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0187298676
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0024347306
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003025321
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002625925
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.00017934
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.00014017
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.05376E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.17531E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.56433E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
88.357
Magnitude:
76
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.8
Gunning-Fog Score
16.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.1
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
36
Sprache Difficult Word Count
35
Joe Biden
To review for a second, they changed from "make" to "declare" in the Constitution for the purpose of allowing the President not to initiate a war, perfect or imperfect, large or small, but for the purpose of allowing the President to respond to a sudden attack.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
-0.463
Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2824933967
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0694373273
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0135115872
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0109723391
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0020288304
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0015266751
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004220828
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001261882
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.73549E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.37323E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.54597E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
95.394
Magnitude:
107
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
Then to be sure everyone understood what they meant, they said, "And by the way, we are going to vest in the section of the Constitution that relates to congressional power the exclusive power to the Congress of issuing these letters of marque and reprisal." So they not only said Congress can only initiate war and the President can only respond, but even limited war only the Congress can initiate.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.85
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
2.310715802
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.5632041022
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1534221927
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1302440884
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0221489667
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0142676523
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0014623531
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0013034298
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0005682511
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003928195
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001577777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Foreign Trade
Score:
31.039
Magnitude:
64
Code:
18
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#18
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
27.054
Magnitude:
64
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.8
Gunning-Fog Score
18.6
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Joe Biden
A comparison of the war clause to related constitutional provisions suggest that this interpretation is the correct one. Unlike other foreign affairs provisions in the Constitution which grant to the President and the Senate the shared power to make treaties and appoint ambassadors, when it comes to the war power the Constitution provides a role for the Senate and the House of Representatives -- but not a shared responsibility between the branches.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.76214
VADER
-0.471
Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.7133860141
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0469175691
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0422094628
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0103016224
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0101389203
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.00098294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0008150692
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005279372
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003689006
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001535319
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.46856E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.239
Magnitude:
101
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.6
Gunning-Fog Score
18.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24
Joe Biden
The inclusion of the House, in particular, suggests a determination to mandate that public consensus be achieved before the initiation of a war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0093665563
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0081403974
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0010599108
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0007333324
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0003634152
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
3.79576E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.87826E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.4456E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.5746E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.1824E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.15E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
93.228
Magnitude:
92
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
29
Gunning-Fog Score
17.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
Think about it. If the Founders thought that they should not give the power to raise taxes to the Senate because we were more like the House of Lords, and that all taxes must be initiated in the House of Representatives, why did they do that? They did that because they knew that taxation could affect people's lives so drastically that it should be a democratic decision and it should be made first and foremost in the people's house, that group of legislators who stand for election every 2 years and are immediately answerable to the public.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.36772
VADER
0.414
Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.2230758313
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.060499477
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0124775848
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0095472533
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0031900025
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001802217
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001133781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
5.5105E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.33521E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.3289E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
3.731E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.539
Magnitude:
62
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51.9
Gunning-Fog Score
17.1
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Joe Biden
If they thought it was so important and so critical that taxes should be determined by the people's house because it had such an impact on the lives of the average citizen, what do you think they thought about the power of a Government to take your son or daughter and send them to war and die? It is illogical to me, and those who say that the President has this exclusive authority, to suggest that they would worry about taxation but not worry about taking a nation to war, which can cost them their lives, their monetary treasure, their lifeblood.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.64663
VADER
-0.782
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1035380294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0451900618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0112100075
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.005635378
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0038882841
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0017442704
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0007106943
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001367998
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.18632E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.96644E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.6456E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.872
Magnitude:
55
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
10
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22
Joe Biden
The inclusion of the House in the decision to go to war was because the House was designed to be closely attuned to the views of the Nation and thereby would provide a means for gauging and ensuring public support for any war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
-0.612
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1169328112
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1094214036
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0054861743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0010714212
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005594743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0004822003
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001007692
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
8.40077E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.91091E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.5248E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.3914E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
89.712
Magnitude:
86
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
9.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
Moreover, with both Chambers involved in the decision to go to war, the initiation of war could necessarily be slowed by the simple fact that securing passage of statutory authorization or a declaration of war through both Houses is potentially a time-consuming and cumbersome process. That is what it was intended to be, because when one goes to war, you cannot say, short of surrender, 2 weeks into it or 1 month into it, "By the way, we made a mistake, we're passing legislation to correct it." You can do that with taxes. You can pass a tax bill and 2 months later, 3 months later say, "We made a mistake and rescind it." You do not rescind a war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.46667
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.46667
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.93827
VADER
-0.954
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.7395096123
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.2494121203
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0366109336
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0055885721
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0010274511
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0005841149
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005353133
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005001901
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002550076
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002136818
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.46258E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
94.411
Magnitude:
74
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.9
Gunning-Fog Score
14
Coleman-Liau Index
8.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30
Joe Biden
So it was intended -- it was intended -- in the Constitution that decision to go to war -- not to repel attack, to go to war -- to initiate war, to alter the state of peace, it was intended that it should be a process that consumed some time.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-2.19722
VADER
-0.822
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.005393527
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0047110167
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0030944702
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0002165017
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.65539E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.1031E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
2.31452E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
1.91406E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.05488E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.4627E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.3086E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.584
Magnitude:
73
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
7.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
It is bordering on the irrational, in my view, to suggest that the framers thought the appointment of ambassadors, although an important task, but not of the same consequence as war, that the appointment of ambassadors was so critical that they gave the Senate a veto power over it, but they considered the war powers so trivial that the decision to send Americans to fight and die was left deliberately vague so as to permit the Executive reasonable discretion to launch hostilities at his or her whim.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.15789
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.15789
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.30228
VADER
-0.981
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0902617758
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0185727811
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0031816111
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0015483209
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.001391237
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0003998072
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003996372
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0003626041
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001612993
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.36077E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.227E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
96.642
Magnitude:
69
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Joe Biden
I think that is irrational for anyone to think that is what the Framers thought, that who we have as Ambassador to England is so important that we are not going to leave it to a President alone, we are going to require the Senate to go along with it, but going to war with England was so trivial that we did not have to consult the United States Senate or did not have to consult the people's House before a President could take us to war. That is, in my humble opinion, an irrational view.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.36772
VADER
-0.923
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0547350151
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0258775777
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0048842132
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0007503413
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004018608
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0003564435
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0001496798
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
7.96552E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.03228E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.63434E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.3751E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
96.575
Magnitude:
51
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
7.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Joe Biden
In the same vein, I am continually amazed that many of my colleagues who zealously guard the Senate's power to advise and consent to treaties and to ambassadorial appointments, so cavalierly cede the war power to the Executive. I find that fascinating. What more can impact on the life of the average American than taking the Nation to war? Why would they possibly have left that to the President alone but said, "By the way, when you want to stop a war, when you want to have a treaty, the President has no authority to do that. He has to come to us and get a supermajority." Does that make any sense? Talk about tortured logic. Yet, we have people on this floor, in the 22 years I have been here -- and when I got here, the Vietnam war was still going on; that is one of the reasons I ran for the Senate in the first place -- we have Members in both political parties with whom I have served and have great respect saying, "War is up to the President, but who the Ambassador is, you better check with me." War is up to the President. But whether there is a peace treaty, you better check with me.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.3125
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.3125
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.62571
VADER
-0.772
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.3663774813
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1687739394
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0198618916
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0125290433
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0009406372
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.000875247
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002085998
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001296491
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.5728E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.7186E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.762E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.758
Magnitude:
47
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
69
Gunning-Fog Score
10.7
Coleman-Liau Index
8.2
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
8.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
39
Sprache Difficult Word Count
44
Joe Biden
I would respectfully suggest the reason that many have adopted that position is they do not have the political courage to take a stand on whether or not we should go to war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
0.25
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
1.1894946918
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.7969011553
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.1179327373
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0668835186
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0086985609
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0054053282
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0007418705
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0006480337
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003926195
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003799267
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.26498E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Government Operations
Score:
39.46
Magnitude:
32
Code:
20
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.3
Gunning-Fog Score
18
Coleman-Liau Index
9.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Joe Biden
In sum, to accept the proposition that the war power is merely ceremonial, or applies only to big wars, is to read much of the war clause out of the U.S. Constitution. And such a reading is supported neither by the plain language of the text or the original intention of the Framers of the Constitution.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
-0.735
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0184008313
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0055433502
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0043448075
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0042295302
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0004654036
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001772646
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.05648E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.00165E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.63319E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.9997E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.684E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.297
Magnitude:
22
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.7
Gunning-Fog Score
9.9
Coleman-Liau Index
9.1
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
5.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Joe Biden
In describing the Framers' intent, I hasten to add a caveat. We should always be cautious about our ability to divine the intentions of those who came 200 years before us, particularly when the documentary record is not at all voluminous.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.671
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.0887015611
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0907122972
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0320601015
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0135945433
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0014025161
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0008657781
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005133675
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001295151
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
6.65459E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.94143E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.8907E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
78.613
Magnitude:
30
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.6
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
But any doubt about the wisdom of relying on original intent alone, in my view, is dispelled in view of the actions of the early Presidents, early Congresses, and early Supreme Court decisions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.7
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.3462928347
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1086348435
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0136001705
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.01183731
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0041279425
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0010230893
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0008789734
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0006471432
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0006204387
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001010017
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.02682E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.468
Magnitude:
84
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.5
Gunning-Fog Score
16.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
Indeed, our earliest Presidents, who were involved in the ratification of the Constitution, were extremely cautious about encroaching on Congress' power under the war clause.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.94591
VADER
-0.677
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2679337515
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1152575947
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0221489856
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0041453783
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0014480729
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003427398
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002592092
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
8.86408E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
7.33317E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.53199E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.8899E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
65.102
Magnitude:
29
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Labor
Score:
20.015
Magnitude:
29
Code:
5
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#5
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
22.4
Gunning-Fog Score
18
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
Our first President, George Washington, adhered to the view that only Congress could authorize offensive action. Writing in 1793, President Washington stated that offensive operations against an Indian tribe, the Creek Nation, depended on congressional action alone.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
-0.791
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.1841556281
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0845503528
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0410584034
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0238862616
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0049555027
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0020906018
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.001073046
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0006437576
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001017946
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.68417E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.6498E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
38.766
Magnitude:
54
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25.7
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Joe Biden
Let me quote from what Washington wrote. Washington as President said:
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.0108125518
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.003547774
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0026204281
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0020461177
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0019516801
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0002104977
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001279136
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.64284E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.4207E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.329E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.213E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
96.632
Magnitude:
52
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
78.2
Gunning-Fog Score
5.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
6.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
1.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
4
Sprache Difficult Word Count
4
Joe Biden
That was George Washington.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.084534171
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0172864209
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0020197842
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.001132234
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0008583502
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002077746
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001969463
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001565546
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.1951E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.8596E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.3E-8
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.256
Magnitude:
38
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.6
Gunning-Fog Score
1.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
7.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.1
Sprache Readability Score
1.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2
Joe Biden
States engaged in an undeclared naval war with France. These military engagements were clearly authorized by the Congress in a series of incremental statutes.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.273
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0833606697
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0040421128
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.00277376
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0020602527
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0015423773
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005914676
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001118793
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.97868E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
3.16114E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.55897E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.119E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Domestic Commerce
Score:
97.373
Magnitude:
128
Code:
15
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#15
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.6
Gunning-Fog Score
13.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
The naval war with France also yielded three important Supreme Court decisions regarding the scope of the war power.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
-0.527
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.2182677155
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0357500219
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0149740852
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0057622572
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0044572469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0014087724
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0013115709
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003997684
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.66273E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.85516E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.7327E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Government Operations
Score:
38.055
Magnitude:
26
Code:
20
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
54
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
In 1799, Congress authorized the President to intercept any United States vessel headed to France. President Adams subsequently ordered the Navy to seize any ship traveling to or from France. The Supreme Court declared the seizure of a United States vessel traveling from France to be illegal, thus ruling that Congress had the power not only to authorize limited war but also to limit Presidential power to take military action.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.16705
VADER
-0.026
Neutral
Moderation
Harassment
0.324944593
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.2519269008
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0534526189
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0360105478
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0340168655
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0092892064
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0088444503
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0056047706
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.77655E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.28639E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.70936E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
89.578
Magnitude:
24
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.5
Gunning-Fog Score
14.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29
Joe Biden
The Court ruled in two other cases bearing on the question of limited war. Wars, the Court said, even if "imperfect," are nonetheless wars.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-2.56495
VADER
-0.936
Very Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.366800162
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0521304552
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0131829365
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0112547037
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018445373
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004543764
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003773179
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0002214884
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001502949
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
2.14726E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.1107E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
95.803
Magnitude:
69
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
71.3
Gunning-Fog Score
9.8
Coleman-Liau Index
10.9
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.9
Sprache Readability Score
2.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
7
Joe Biden
In still another case, Chief Justice Marshall opined that:
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.527
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1087001176
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0328444265
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0194385822
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0167356615
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0045586192
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.003532966
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0008646534
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004230875
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0003875143
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.2816E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.731E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
95.615
Magnitude:
113
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.1
Gunning-Fog Score
8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
8.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
3
Joe Biden
Now, modern monarchists, those who lean and tilt so far to the President on this, refer habitually to the actions of our third President, Thomas Jefferson, in coping with the Barbary pirates. But Jefferson's actions provide little solace to advocates of that position.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.9096330032
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.2351862146
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1020028954
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0835388724
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0265895418
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0261845562
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0048882528
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0012784767
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000731201
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.75483E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.06361E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
36.882
Magnitude:
55
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
28.4
Magnitude:
55
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.4
Gunning-Fog Score
14.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Joe Biden
In May of 1801, President Jefferson deployed a small squadron of ships to the Mediterranean to deter attacks against American shipping. Acting under the authority of an act of Congress which mandated that six frigates be maintained in the Navy during peacetime, Jefferson instructed the naval commander that if he arrived and found that the Barbary powers had declared war against the United States, to take action if necessary "to protect commerce." But when he learned that the leader of Tripoli had, in fact, declared war, Jefferson referred the matter to the Congress.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.402
Negative
Moderation
Violence
1.8584320322
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.5684535019
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1134437043
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.075499533
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0442802091
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0234148989
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0186086429
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0098805773
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0016725233
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.000172192
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.86054E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
65.732
Magnitude:
106
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Defense
Score:
24.59
Magnitude:
106
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.1
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
33
Joe Biden
Reporting on a small skirmish won by a U.S. ship, Jefferson noted that the American ship was authorized by the Constitution, without the sanction of Congress, to go beyond the line of defense, and thus the U.S. commander did not take possession of the ship or retain its crew as prisoners of war.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.33647
VADER
-0.459
Negative
Moderation
Violence
73.5825359821
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
44.4990485907
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.6882030517
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.5700394046
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.295348186
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.2329977229
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0493936357
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0463928998
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0169466497
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0039905488
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0002335736
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
74.644
Magnitude:
109
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
68
Gunning-Fog Score
8
Coleman-Liau Index
9.3
SMOG Index
10.9
Automated Readability Index
4.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Joe Biden
Jefferson sought further guidance from Congress about the next step, and I quote:
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.3767859889
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0852688507
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0237233442
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0176839705
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0149669184
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0132667075
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0020789432
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0009786412
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006465066
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002531896
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.8942E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
46.396
Magnitude:
84
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
45.383
Magnitude:
84
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
70
Gunning-Fog Score
5.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
9.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
2.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
6
Joe Biden
Congress promptly enacted a statute empowering Jefferson to protect U.S. shipping, and to seize vessels owned by the Tripoli regime. The legislation passed 2 years later gave explicit support for "warlike operations against Tripoli or other Barbary powers." I believe this episode, and the historical record of actions taken by other early Presidents, has significantly more bearing on the meaning of the war clause than the record of Presidents in the modern era.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
0.103
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.1267453772
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0261362933
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0088628803
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0079768266
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.003607028
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0028081929
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0007064993
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004803323
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.88058E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.18489E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.2484E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
60.552
Magnitude:
100
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
32.035
Magnitude:
100
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.2
Gunning-Fog Score
10.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
33
Joe Biden
The reasons should be obvious. The men who were at Philadelphia and wrote the Constitution -- or, as in Jefferson's case, participated in the ratification debates in the States -- had a much better understanding of the intended meaning of the constitutional provisions than those of us 200 years later have. They participated.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.44
Positive
Moderation
Violence
1.8600285053
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.6698549725
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0074830743
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.003789294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0028051629
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0017544973
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002717629
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002653893
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
7.37419E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.30798E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.518E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
77.584
Magnitude:
105
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.9
Gunning-Fog Score
13.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Joe Biden
Their actions while in office should, therefore, be given great weight in interpreting the constitutional clauses in question. As Chief Justice Warren once wrote, "The precedential value of [prior practice] tends to increase in proportion to the proximity" to that Constitutional Convention.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.904
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0526934688
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0110841778
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0020753379
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0006018278
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0004448158
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0003339087
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002814767
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0001402766
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
6.02001E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.34628E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.08892E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
88.582
Magnitude:
128
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
32.1
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Joe Biden
To accept this situation requires us to believe that the constitutional imbalance serves our Nation well. But it can hardly be said that it does.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.572
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0602754706
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0321993226
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0083250765
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0022772942
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.002240106
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0020496409
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005156442
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004256842
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.36904E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.22505E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.3708E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
68.687
Magnitude:
52
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62.2
Gunning-Fog Score
9.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
7.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
2.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Joe Biden
As matters now stand, Congress is denied its proper role in sharing the decision to commit American troops, and the President is deprived of the consensus he needs to help carry that policy through.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.202
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.1147418516
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.070476887
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0019194134
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0011361018
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0011207189
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002751906
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
7.6277E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
5.95682E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.03181E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.93991E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.065E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
68.812
Magnitude:
73
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
24.844
Magnitude:
73
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.9
Gunning-Fog Score
17.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
Only by establishing an effective war powers mechanism can we ensure that both of these goals are met. More importantly, we will guarantee that the will of the American people will stand behind the commitment of U.S. forces.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.788
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.0577833678
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0364915526
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0139165117
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0021673657
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0013293452
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0003902178
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002123542
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.00016814
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.7113E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.92041E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.4608E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.3
Gunning-Fog Score
10.1
Coleman-Liau Index
11.7
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
5.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.1
Sprache Readability Score
2.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
The question then is this: How to revise the War Powers Resolution in a manner that gains bipartisan support as well as the support of the Executive?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.612
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.9226606227
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0551268051
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0156186114
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.003394156
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0029196597
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0017206859
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0009248493
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0005711807
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000412007
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0003190832
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002306759
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
95.036
Magnitude:
183
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.8
Gunning-Fog Score
12.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
In the past two decades, a premise has gained wide acceptance that the War Powers Resolution is fatally flawed. Indeed, there are flaws in the resolution, but they need not have been fatal.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
0.1174796605
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0300860353
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0063239022
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0031328484
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0008709066
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000392999
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0003758849
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002302954
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002289709
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
4.37257E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.94125E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
95.959
Magnitude:
171
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.5
Gunning-Fog Score
10.2
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Joe Biden
For that law was designed -- by legislators who were statesmen of a markedly conservative stripe -- to embody constitutional principles and to set forth practical procedures.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0
Neutral
Moderation
Violence
0.2026179805
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0876825943
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0186647943
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.009939252
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0031558771
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0024702284
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0019661036
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0010336605
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0009901629
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005429121
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001945647
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
81.53
Magnitude:
79
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
22.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
Ironically, a law designed to improve executive-legislative branch comity on the war power has instead contributed to frequent squabbles about the minutiae of the law's provisions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
4.2636584491
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.5013254005
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.032923618
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0186122445
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0169990992
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0010563689
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0004921082
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001277407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001054172
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.65304E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.7957E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
94.612
Magnitude:
41
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
7.1
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14
Joe Biden
In 1988, determining that a review of the War Powers Resolution was in order, the Foreign Relations Committee established a special subcommittee to assume the task.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Moderation
Harassment
17.2387421131
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.4129227716
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.1712381374
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0206682045
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0152252382
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0009079185
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004739284
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001822045
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001142765
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
9.19321E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.06311E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
88.245
Magnitude:
44
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.5
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
As chairman of the subcommittee, I conducted an exhaustive series of hearings, the most extensive hearings held in recent times on this subject.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.60944
VADER
-0.128
Leans Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0756939407
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0439142226
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0144220947
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0032128817
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0014829427
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0011165913
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0004329361
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.79137E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
2.76387E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.38999E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.0802E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
45.271
Magnitude:
63
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Defense
Score:
33.385
Magnitude:
63
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.7
Gunning-Fog Score
16.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
Over the course of 2 months, the subcommittee heard from many distinguished witnesses: Former President Ford, former Secretaries of State and Defense, former Joint Chiefs of Staff, former Members of Congress who drafted the law, and many constitutional scholars.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.128
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.4204547033
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0061115003
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0056018267
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.003490748
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0027469727
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0007755131
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002910916
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002810427
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
1.45249E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.32142E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.4764E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
International Affairs
Score:
49.979
Magnitude:
108
Code:
19
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24.1
Gunning-Fog Score
18.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Joe Biden
At the end of that process, I produced a lengthy law review article describing how the War Powers Resolution might be thoroughly rewritten to overcome its actual and perceived liabilities.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
-0.691
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1054982422
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0059986982
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0038005343
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0015002527
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0007423694
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001485807
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001185081
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
8.7673E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
6.5052E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.0623E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.64E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
96.626
Magnitude:
77
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Joe Biden
I envisaged its replacement by a new act entitled "The Use of Force Act" -- which would aim to achieve, at long last, the goal of its predecessor: To restore the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches regarding the war power for purposes of complying with the intent and will of the American people as well as the Constitution.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
0.128
Leans Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0063633255
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0043165433
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0026468575
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0022010678
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0018635852
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0018635335
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002396359
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000158244
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
8.89529E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.7059E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
3.28E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
96.797
Magnitude:
45
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
13.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Joe Biden
That effort provided the foundation for the legislation I introduce today. The bill that I offer has many elements; I will briefly summarize the most important.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.265
Slightly Positive
Moderation
Self-Harm
1.3090760447
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.539235957
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1123695518
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0806501659
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0071083705
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0034602792
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0018332279
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0014897921
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0002530535
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
9.2121E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.45514E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
51.516
Magnitude:
28
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
28.981
Magnitude:
28
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.2
Gunning-Fog Score
14.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
First, it bears emphasis that my bill would replace the War Powers Resolution with a new version. But I should make clear that I retain its central element: A time-clock mechanism that limits the President's power to use force abroad.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
-0.318
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.1118104672
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0023855957
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0005009811
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0003225764
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0001562582
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.00013994
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.45699E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
4.67006E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.3969E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
1.1717E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.1933E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
93.978
Magnitude:
58
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62.2
Gunning-Fog Score
11.1
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
10.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Joe Biden
That mechanism, I should repeat, was found to be unambiguously constitutional in a 1980 opinion issued by the Office of Legal Counsel at the Department of Justice.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.599
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0303461071
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0147887389
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0052339896
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.00320246
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0023641574
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0010707735
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004622008
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0002221213
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.00012314
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.6586E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
4.546E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
94.409
Magnitude:
44
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
29
Gunning-Fog Score
16.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
It is often asserted that the time-clock provision is unworkable, or that it invites our adversaries to make a conflict so painful in the short run so as to induce timidity in the Congress, forcing the President to remove troops.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.45199
VADER
-0.681
Very Negative
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
67.516
Magnitude:
61
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
10.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
But with or without a war powers law, American willingness to undertake sustained hostilities will always be subject to democratic pressures. A statutory mechanism is simply a means of delineating procedure.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
-0.351
Somewhat Negative
Topics
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
95.599
Magnitude:
105
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21.9
Gunning-Fog Score
16.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Joe Biden
And the procedure set forth in this legislation assures that if the President wants an early congressional vote on a use of force abroad, his congressional supporters can produce it.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.44
Positive
Topics
Topic:
Defense
Score:
54.705
Magnitude:
40
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.4
Gunning-Fog Score
18.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
Recent history tells us, of course, that the American people, as well as Congress, rally around the flag -- rally around the President -- rally around the Commander in Chief -- in the early moments of a military deployment.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0.273
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
29.3
Gunning-Fog Score
17.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
Second, my bill defuses the specter that a timid Congress can simply sit on its hands and permit the authority for a deployment to expire.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.178
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.5
Gunning-Fog Score
14.8
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Joe Biden
As noted above, it establishes elaborate expedited procedures designed to ensure that a vote will occur. And it explicitly defeats the timid Congress specter by granting to the President the authority he has sought if these procedures nonetheless fail to produce a vote.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
-0.382
Somewhat Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.5
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Joe Biden
Thus, if the President requests authority for a sustained use of force -- one outside the realm of emergency -- is extended indefinitely.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.58779
VADER
-0.318
Somewhat Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
32.4
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.6
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Joe Biden
Third, the legislation delineates what I call the going-in authorities for the President to use force.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.2
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
6
Joe Biden
One fundamental weakness of the War Powers Resolution is that it fails to acknowledge powers that most scholars agree are inherent Presidential powers, such as the power to repel an armed attack upon the United States or its Armed Forces, or to rescue Americans abroad.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.25131
VADER
-0.575
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
20.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Joe Biden
My legislation corrects this deficiency -- and thus avoids the endless dispute over where the exact location of the line between what the President already possesses independently and what Congress was bestowing upon him by legislation -- where that line rests.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
-0.527
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
17.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
The bill enumerates five instances where the President may use force:
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.9
Gunning-Fog Score
11.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
2.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
4
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5
Joe Biden
First, to repel attack on U.S. territory or U.S. forces; Second, to deal with urgent situations threatening supreme U.S. interests -- i.e. the Cuban missile crisis; Third, to extricate imperiled U.S. citizens; Fourth, to forestall or retaliate against specific acts of terrorism; and Fifth, to defend against substantial threats to international sea lanes or airspace.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.94444
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.896
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.7
Gunning-Fog Score
10.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9.2
Automated Readability Index
4.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Joe Biden
It may be that no such enumeration can be exhaustive. But it is worth noting that the circumstances set forth would have sanctioned virtually every use of force by the United States since World War II.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.33647
VADER
-0.44
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.3
Gunning-Fog Score
12.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
This concession of authority is circumscribed by the maintenance of the time-clock provision. After 60 days have passed -- 2 months -- the President's authority would expire, unless 1 of 3 conditions had been met:
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.153
Leans Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62.7
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Joe Biden
First, Congress has declared war or enacted specific statutory authorization; or Second, the President has requested authority for an extended use of force but Congress has failed to act on that request, notwithstanding the expedited procedures established by this act -- that is, Congress, if he asks to continue the force must act to tell him he cannot or it is presumed he can continue -- or; Third, the President has certified the existence of an emergency threatening the supreme national interests of the United States; in which case he can continue the force in place.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.125
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.125
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.23639
VADER
-0.565
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
10
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28
Joe Biden
The legislation also affirms the importance of consultation between the President and Congress and establishes a new means to facilitate that consultation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.56495
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
11.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Joe Biden
To overcome the common complaint that Presidents must contend with "535 secretaries of state" -- that is 535 Members of Congress -- the Use of Force Act establishes a congressional leadership group with whom the President is mandated to consult on the use of force.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.36772
VADER
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Joe Biden
Another infirmity of the War Powers Resolution is that it fails to define "hostilities." Thus, Presidents frequently engaged in a verbal gymnastics of insisting that "hostilities" were not "imminent." Even when hundreds of thousands of troops were positioned in the Arabian desert opposite Saddam's legions, President Bush argued that they were not in an area of hostilities and, even if they were, there was no prospect of imminent hostilities. Therefore the War Powers Act would not be triggered and engaged.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.75
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.75
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.64663
VADER
-0.964
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.5
Gunning-Fog Score
14.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28
Joe Biden
Therefore, my legislation includes a more precise definition of what constitutes the use of force. And this definition contains two elements:
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.1
Gunning-Fog Score
11.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
2.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
First, a new commitment of U.S. forces, and second, the deployment is aimed at deterring a specific threat, the forces deployed have incurred or inflicted casualties, or are operating with a substantial possibility of incurring or inflicting casualties.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.53846
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.53846
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.3
Gunning-Fog Score
17.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Joe Biden
If those conditions are met then there is a use of force as defined in the law.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
90.1
Gunning-Fog Score
9.2
Coleman-Liau Index
5.7
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
4.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.6
Sprache Readability Score
3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
4
Joe Biden
Finally, to make the statutory mechanism complete, the Use of Force Act provides a means for judicial review.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.9
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Joe Biden
Like many of my colleagues, I am reluctant to inject the judiciary into decisions that should be made by the political branches. Therefore, the provision is extremely limited: It empowers a three- judge panel to decide only whether the time-clock mechanism has been triggered.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
-0.169
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.5
Gunning-Fog Score
18.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Joe Biden
I have no illusions that enacting this legislation will be easy. The experience of the War Powers Resolution gives witness to the difficulty of finding the proper balance between the executive and legislative branches on war powers.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
-0.859
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.1
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Joe Biden
But I am determined to try. The status quo, with Presidents asserting broad executive powers, and Congress often content to surrender its constitutional powers, serves neither branch, and clearly does not serve the American people.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.58779
VADER
0.227
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.6
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Joe Biden
More fundamentally, it does not serve the men and women who risk their lives to defend our interests. For that, ultimately, must be the test of any war powers law.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.612
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
70.4
Gunning-Fog Score
10
Coleman-Liau Index
9.5
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
6.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
2.8
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
4
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Joe Biden
Mr. President, some would argue now that the cold war is over there is less need for this delineation of authority, this new set of ground rules. I would argue nothing could be further from the truth. We are more likely to be pulled into hostilities -- although not a world war III in all probability. More Americans have been engaged in areas of hostility, have been killed, and have been put on the battlefield since the cold war has ended than all during the cold war but for Korea and Vietnam, in little parts of the world all over the world: Bosnia, Somalia, and Haiti. What happens in a decade, a year from now -- in the Ukraine, Byelarus, Russia -- or any number of places where there might be hostilities and Americans or entire divisions of Americans may be called to action?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.41667
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.41667
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
-0.945
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.7
Coleman-Liau Index
10
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Joe Biden
So, Mr. President, I think to have an ordered plan to diminish the bickering between the executive and legislative branches on this issue is more needed today than it has been at any time.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62.7
Gunning-Fog Score
11.5
Coleman-Liau Index
10.3
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Joe Biden
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill that I have sent to the desk and the accompanying section-by-section analysis be included in the Record at this point.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65.2
Gunning-Fog Score
11.5
Coleman-Liau Index
9.6
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
7.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Joe Biden
Mr. President, I thank the Chair for being so gracious as to not only sit there, but to pay attention to what I had to say. I am flattered he would listen. I hope that he and others will engage their significant legislative skills in trying to work out a feasible war powers mechanism -- whether it is exactly what I have proposed or something else -- so we avoid the kind of gridlock that has occurred already in the last several years.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.53846
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.53846
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.747
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
63
Gunning-Fog Score
13
Coleman-Liau Index
9.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Joe Biden
I thank the Chair. I thank my good friend from California who has been waiting to be recognized.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.878
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
80.2
Gunning-Fog Score
5.8
Coleman-Liau Index
9.4
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
3.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.1
Sprache Readability Score
2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
3
Joe Biden
I yield the floor.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
1.6
Coleman-Liau Index
4.7
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
0
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.1
Sprache Readability Score
1.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
1
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1
Joe Biden
Mrs. BOXER addressed the Chair.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
0
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
100
Gunning-Fog Score
1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
3.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
1.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
3
The Presiding Officer
The PRESIDING OFFICER.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
1.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
9.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
1.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
4
Barbara Boxer
Mr. President, thank you very much.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
1.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
91
Gunning-Fog Score
1.2
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
3.3
Automated Readability Index
1.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
1.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2
Barbara Boxer
I want to say to my friend from Delaware that it is very important that he continue to work on this matter of the War Powers Act because what happens to us so often is we get into a discussion about it just when we are in the middle of a conflict. That is not the time that is appropriate, and this is.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
-0.162
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.7
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
6.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5
Barbara Boxer
So I just wanted to thank him for his leadership.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
3.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
86.7
Gunning-Fog Score
8
Coleman-Liau Index
7.1
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
1.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.7
Sprache Readability Score
2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
2
John D. Rockefeller, IV
Mr. President, today I am pleased to introduce the Product Liability Fairness Act of 1995 with my esteemed colleague from Washington, Senator Gorton. Senator Gorton and I have joined together to introduce this much needed legislation to improve our Nation's product liability laws with a bipartisan group of our colleagues, Mr. McConnell, Mr. Lieberman, Mr. Dodd, Mr. Pressler, Mr. Hatch, Mr. Exon, Mr. Inhofe, Mrs. Hutchison, and Mr. Chafee. We believe the time has come to reform our current system so that injured people are more likely to be compensated and so that businesses are not crushed by the costs of nonmeritorious inappropriate lawsuits.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.22222
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.22222
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.42744
VADER
0.721
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.9
Gunning-Fog Score
9.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.2
Automated Readability Index
6.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
49
Sprache Difficult Word Count
40
John D. Rockefeller, IV
Senator Gorton and I have worked diligently over recent months to hone this product liability reform legislation in order to insure that it strikes the right balance between the interests of both consumers and business, and recognizing that under our current system, legal professionals are most often the biggest and often sole winners in product liability cases. Adjustments were made to reflect substantive and other concerns which we concluded were obstacles to the enactment of this necessary legislation. We believe we have significantly improved the legislation from earlier drafts and been responsive to the issues which prevented earlier enactment of this legislation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.64663
VADER
0.66
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
13.9
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
44
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38
John D. Rockefeller, IV
Before I review the reasons why I believe reform of this system is imperative and what has motivated me to work so hard to refine this bill, year after year, I want to take a moment to express my deep admiration for the work of the Senator from Washington and that of his staff. I have great respect for Senator Gorton's intellect and insight, and want to acknowledge his contribution to the improvement in this legislation -- and the role he will play in pushing it to final enactment. It is a privilege to work with the distinguished new chairman of the Commerce Committee in crafting this year's bill.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.88235
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.88235
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.3979
VADER
0.976
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.4
Gunning-Fog Score
18.5
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31
John D. Rockefeller, IV
Our bill will encourage alternative dispute resolution as a way of getting parties to have their cases heard without going through the time and expense of a court trial. It will apply different responsibilities to a product seller as opposed to a manufacturer to avoid the kind of lawsuits that cast a wide net in the hopes of catching a cash cow. Our bill will give consumers more time to pursue legal action and it will allow consumers greater awards for punitive damages.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.58779
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.05882
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.05882
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.11123
VADER
0.369
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.2
Gunning-Fog Score
16.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
John D. Rockefeller, IV
This effort is nothing new for me. For years I have called for legal reforms to make the system more efficient, less costly, and fairer to consumers and business alike. I am tired of West Virginia businesspeople and workers and consumers paying the price for this inequitable, ineffective legal tangle. Paying higher costs for things or being denied new products because manufacturers are scared to assume the exposure that comes with it. And then, when a problem does arise, being forced to spend ridiculous amounts of money and invest years in the hopes of maybe getting some satisfaction.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.95551
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.763
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.7
Gunning-Fog Score
11.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.7
Automated Readability Index
11.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39
John D. Rockefeller, IV
The product liability system is broken, and it is hurting the people of West Virginia, and Washington, and every State in between. The Rockefeller-Gorton bill aims to reform the laws so product liability is not an anchor around the American economy. Our approach is bipartisan and balanced and, I think, far-removed from the extreme bill in the House that is long on special interest needs and short on public interest fairness.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
0.273
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.8
Gunning-Fog Score
13.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25
John D. Rockefeller, IV
If today's product liability laws achieve one thing, it is that it is an equal opportunity victimizer. Injured consumers oftentimes find it impossible to get a just and prompt resolution, and just as frequently, blameless manufacturers are forced to spend thousands of dollars on baseless lawsuits. The system frequently allows negligent companies to avoid penalties and even rewards undeserving plaintiffs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.4
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.4
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.76214
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.17647
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.17647
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
-0.813
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
23
Gunning-Fog Score
17.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28
John D. Rockefeller, IV
Product liability law should deter wasteful suits and discipline culpable practices but not foster hours of waste and endless litigation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.45199
VADER
-0.743
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25.8
Gunning-Fog Score
18
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
John D. Rockefeller, IV
Under the patchwork system we now have, depending on which of the 51 different jurisdictions you are in, product liability is not more reliable than a roll of the dice. Today a consumer, seeking fair compensation for harm done by a manufacturer must brace for a legal ordeal, often tilted in favor of business. Consumers generally recover just one-third of their actual damages. And that is when they can recover damages at all after fighting their way through statutes of limitation and corporate shell games that make assigning true liability ofttimes impossible. If a consumer can plow through this maze, they must be able to endure years of litigation that wrack up legal fees faster than a taxi meter in rush-hour traffic.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.15789
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.15789
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.30228
VADER
-0.823
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
42.5
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
40
Sprache Difficult Word Count
37
John D. Rockefeller, IV
biggest manufacturers can ride out costly litigation with less financial drain than consumers, but businessowners face a dizzying number of lawsuits too often without merit. The result? Manufacturers abandon research and development on new products that could invite future lawsuits, and prices on products are inflated to compensate for liability insurance or huge legal retainers. Price inflation passed on to consumers who are now doubly squeezed by the liability labyrinth.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.26826
VADER
-0.75
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25.9
Gunning-Fog Score
16.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31
John D. Rockefeller, IV
The Product Liability Fairness Act aims to correct this. Today, Senator Gorton and I introduce our bipartisan bill, with an impressive group of Senate cosponsors, and expect to begin hearings in his Commerce Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs in about a month.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.4
Gunning-Fog Score
12.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
John D. Rockefeller, IV
Just the other day, the Washington Post quoted a business executive who said, basically, that American businesses can be lumped into two groups: those that have been sued and those that will be sued. That is no way for American industry to operate and it results in pitting consumers against business to the detriment of both. The Rockefeller- Gorton bill is a step at easing this tension and restoring some common sense to the American legal system.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.45455
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8873
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.4
Gunning-Fog Score
14.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26
John D. Rockefeller, IV
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill and a summary be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
74
Gunning-Fog Score
8
Coleman-Liau Index
8.3
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
2.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
2.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Slade Gorton
Mr. President, I am pleased to join with Senator Rockefeller to introduce legislation that will bring common sense back to America's product liability system. The Product Liability Fairness Act of 1995 is a bipartisan proposal that takes a moderate, sensible approach to product liability reform.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.53846
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.53846
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.178
Leans Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24.3
Gunning-Fog Score
13.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Slade Gorton
As an attorney myself, I recognize that America's trial lawyers would like to see me disbarred for introducing this bill.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.361
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
38.5
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Slade Gorton
It should come as no surprise that they are planning to spend $20 million to defeat this legislation. They're making millions off the current system, and the legislation we're introducing today will put an end to the lawyers' financial free-for-all.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.477
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
54.6
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Slade Gorton
Consider just a couple of cases from my own State of Washington. Connelly Water Skis of Lynnwood pays $345,000 a year for liability insurance even though they have never lost a liability case. They paid more than $83,000 in legal expenses to defend themselves in a case in which the plaintiff has asked be dismissed. They paid more than $12,000 to defend themselves in a case in which no Connelly product was involved.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.1431
VADER
-0.223
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
71.8
Gunning-Fog Score
10.2
Coleman-Liau Index
9
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
7.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Slade Gorton
Commercial Plastics of Seattle, which manufacturers candy dispensers, has been sued in a case involving a drunken woman who pulled a unit off a grocery store shelf on New Year's Eve. She wasn't hurt, but she is suing for mental anguish caused by the embarrassment of the incident.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-2.3979
VADER
-0.91
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.1
Gunning-Fog Score
14.6
Coleman-Liau Index
11.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Slade Gorton
Bayliner Boats of Everett manufactures a 25-foot hard-top boat with the steering station inside. The plaintiff sawed a hole through the hard top -- kind of like a sunroof. He was sitting on the top driving the boat with his feet. He saw an oncoming boat and tried to honk the horn with his toe. He turned the boat to the left with his feet, and shifted his weight to the right to counter the turn. He fell overboard, was injured, and is now suing Bayliner.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.4
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.4
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.76214
VADER
-0.375
Somewhat Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
85.2
Gunning-Fog Score
7.2
Coleman-Liau Index
8.3
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
5.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.6
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Slade Gorton
Keep in mind that these examples come from a State where limits on punitive damages are already in place.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.735
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62.9
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.4
Sprache Readability Score
3.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5
Slade Gorton
Does it make sense for consumers to pay higher prices for water skis or other equipment because the person used the product incorrectly? Does it make sense for consumers to pay higher costs for products because someone did something that defies all common sense? Does it make sense for consumers to pay higher prices for products because some inebriated person injures, and even embarrasses him or herself?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.57895
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.57895
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.23676
VADER
-0.664
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.5
Gunning-Fog Score
14.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Slade Gorton
And most importantly, does it make sense that trial attorneys are ripping off consumers around the country when they make millions of dollars off these cases?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.374
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.8
Gunning-Fog Score
16.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
7
Slade Gorton
Out of every dollar spent on product litigation, more than 50 percent of the money goes to the lawyers. They're the only ones winning anything. Their opposition to this legislation is only about protecting their fees -- not protecting consumers.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.382
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.3
Gunning-Fog Score
14.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.7
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Slade Gorton
Consider the Chicago law firm that issued a bulletin to its clients stating: "We are pleased to announce that we obtained for our client the largest verdict ever for an arm amputation: $7.8 million." Consider the new Florida company, called "Went For It," that researches the names of accident victims and sells them to lawyers.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
-0.226
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.6
Gunning-Fog Score
16.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Slade Gorton
Consider the New York lawyer found guilty of using a pickax to enlarge a pothole before he photographed it for a client with a personal injury claim.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.681
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
38.4
Gunning-Fog Score
18.2
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Slade Gorton
It's outrageous.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.459
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.6
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
10.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
1
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1
Slade Gorton
This country desperately needs a fair and efficient product liability system. A fair and efficient product liability system should have consistent standards and yield predictable results. It should award damages in proportion to the harm suffered and those damages should be paid only by those responsible. A fair and efficient system should award damages in a timely manner without incurring large, wasteful transaction costs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.45199
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.04762
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.04762
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.09097
VADER
0.459
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.6
Gunning-Fog Score
15.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Slade Gorton
The status quo defended mightily by the trial lawyers is far from fair or efficient. Consumers, those injured by faulty products, and American businesses all suffer as a result of selfish lawyers.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.758
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.9
Gunning-Fog Score
15.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Slade Gorton
Fair compensation is not awarded in a timely fashion. Cases drag on for years. Over 20 percent of seriously injured persons receive no compensation for 5 years. A 1989 GAO study says that the average case takes nearly 3 years to resolve, and longer if there is an appeal. When compensation is awarded, transaction costs -- such as attorney's fees -- absorb too much money that should have gone to injured persons.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.64663
VADER
-0.476
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.5
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
7.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Slade Gorton
Not only does the present product liability system generate excessive costs and delay, it does not compensate injured persons in proportion to their losses. If a person's injuries are minor, they can expect to receive a windfall of nearly nine times their losses. If their injuries are severe, they should expect to receive only 15 percent of their losses. A severely injured person cannot afford to gamble on the outcome of lengthy litigation. As a result, many are forced to settle for an amount far less than their injuries merit.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-3.21888
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.52941
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.52941
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.958
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
55.1
Gunning-Fog Score
11.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
10.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
33
Slade Gorton
Injured persons are not the only ones that are treated unfairly by the tort system. That system imposes inordinate costs on the U.S. economy. Domestic manufacturers face product liability costs up to 20 to 50 times higher than those paid by foreign competitors.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.75
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.75
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.60944
VADER
-0.599
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
55.6
Gunning-Fog Score
10.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.5
Automated Readability Index
5.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Slade Gorton
These excessive costs put American business at a competitive disadvantage in world markets. Important sectors of our domestic economy are losing substantial market shares to foreign competitors. For example, the Association of Manufacturing Technology estimates its member companies have lost, in recent years, nearly 25 percent of their market share to foreign competitors. Much of this loss is attributed to the excessive costs of the current product liability system, which wastes vital resources and inhibits the development and marketing of innovative products. The U.S. machine tool industry spends seven times more on product liability costs than on research and development.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.7346
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.24138
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.24138
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.47542
VADER
0.079
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
30.5
Gunning-Fog Score
14.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
40
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38
Slade Gorton
When the job creators have to pay insurance premiums instead of salaries, we've got a lot of people on unemployment for no good reason. Listen to the small business owner in Hoquiam who pays more in product liability premiums than he does in Federal taxes. Listen to the small business owner in Spokane who says his insurance premiums often equal his before-tax profits.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.74721
VADER
-0.201
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.4
Gunning-Fog Score
13.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Slade Gorton
This is outrageous.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.459
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62.8
Gunning-Fog Score
14.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
5.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
1.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
1
Sprache Difficult Word Count
1
Slade Gorton
Innovation is also squelched because manufacturers decide not to market new products due to these excessive transaction costs and the possibility of unjustified, unpredictable but nonetheless crushing liability. These concerns further stifle innovation because scientific research essential for advanced product development, is foregone.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.45199
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.1431
VADER
0.19
Leans Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23
Slade Gorton
For instance, promising AIDS vaccines have been shelved. New hazardous waste cleanup technologies have been shelved. Asbestos substitutes have been medicines that have been shelved and kept from the market goes on, and on, and on, and on.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.026
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
71.5
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Slade Gorton
The current system is clearly broken, and it must be fixed. I hope that my colleagues will join with Senator Rockefeller and me in supporting a bill that seeks in a balanced way to introduce fairness and efficiency to our product liability system.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.807
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.3
Gunning-Fog Score
13.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Mitch McConnell
Mr. President, I am pleased to join my colleagues in the introduction of the Product Liability Reform Act of 1995. Our litigation system needs repair; less than half -- 43 cents to be precise -- of every dollar spent in the liability system goes to injured victims. More than half of every dollar represents transactions costs -- lawyers' fees, the cost of keeping the courts running, and other associated expenses of the legal system. Something is seriously wrong with a system that pays out more to those who run the legal system than to those who need it for dispute resolution.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.832
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.5
Gunning-Fog Score
13.6
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30
Mitch McConnell
And, litigation costs drain billions of dollars from our economy. We know there is a litigation tax associated with putting goods and services in the stream of commerce. For example, the price, on average, of an 8-foot ladder is $119.33. But the actual cost is only $94.47, with the litigation tax representing 25 percent of the cost. And, the litigation tax for a heart pacemaker is 20 percent, driving the cost up an additional $3,000. (Source: Newsweek, Oct. 25, 1993, reprinting from, "The 96 Billion Dollar Game," Philip Hermann.) This litigation tax impedes innovation and invention. Companies hesitate to put products on the market because of the high risk of litigation. That means fewer choices for consumers and a shrinking share of the global market for American companies.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.1
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.1
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.19106
VADER
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.2
Gunning-Fog Score
12.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
6.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
37
Sprache Difficult Word Count
40
Mitch McConnell
And unless we fix the problems of our legal system, the situation is bound to get worse. Longer delays in the courts, increased inefficiency and unpredictability in getting compensation to victims, and more burdens on productivity and invention.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.61904
VADER
-0.806
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
29.5
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Mitch McConnell
This bill is a significant step in the right direction. It offers a national answer to a nationwide problem -- uniformity and certainty in America's product liability laws.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
-0.178
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.1
Gunning-Fog Score
15.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Mitch McConnell
The bill will not prevent those injured by defective products from receiving fair compensation for their injuries. Rather, it will offer some protection for those parties who had no connection to the defects in the product from unfairly and unreasonably having to pay the tab in a lawsuit. But, make no mistake about it, those who are responsible for the defects will be held accountable for the injuries they cause.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-3.04452
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.21131
VADER
-0.824
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.2
Gunning-Fog Score
15.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Mitch McConnell
In addition, this bill restores the element of punishment to punitive damages. In the current environment, the quest for punitive damages is like taking a chance on the lottery -- some plaintiffs win big and many win nothing at all. Often times, the award of punitive damages bears no relationship to the injuries suffered. The bill will link punitive damages to the economic loss by providing that where punitive damages are awarded, they should be awarded in an amount of three times the economic loss or $250,000, whichever is greater.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.68421
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.68421
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.5506
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.15789
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.15789
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.30228
VADER
-0.962
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.9
Gunning-Fog Score
18.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25
Mitch McConnell
The time for this bill is long overdue. I look forward to its prompt consideration in the Commerce Committee and speedy action on the Senate floor.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.7
Gunning-Fog Score
8.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
6.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Joseph Lieberman
Mr. President, I am proud to join a broad bipartisan group of eight Senators led by my distinguished colleagues, Senators Rockefeller and Gorton, in introducing a bill to address one of the most important issues facing this Congress -- product liability reform. This is my third effort to pass much-needed changes to the product liability system and, after years of frustration, I believe we are finally going to succeed. This year's bill builds on last year's effort and is the fairest and strongest bill possible.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.63599
VADER
0.776
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.9
Gunning-Fog Score
13.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31
Joseph Lieberman
No one should be praising the status quo. The current system is inefficient, unpredictable, costly, slow, and inequitable. And everyone pays: plaintiffs, defendants, manufacturers, product sellers, and consumers. This bill addresses these problems by making a number of balanced and limited changes intended to reduce transaction costs, provide greater certainty to everyone, and increasing the competitiveness of U.S. firms. I urge my colleagues to support this bill.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.8
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.8
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.84583
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.125
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.125
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.23639
VADER
0.586
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.2
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.6
Automated Readability Index
10
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Joseph Lieberman
Mr. President, I did not join the fight for product liability reform until my second year in the Senate. I came here as a former State attorney general who had been active in consumer protection. I knew that some consumer groups opposed Federal product liability legislation, and as a former State official, I was hesitant to step into an area that had traditionally been the province of State law. In fact, as attorney general of Connecticut and a member of the National Association of Attorneys General, I voted for resolutions opposing earlier Federal product liability legislation that would have swept away virtually all State product liability laws and repealed the doctrine of strict liability for product defects.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.08333
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.08333
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.16034
VADER
-0.784
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.6
Gunning-Fog Score
16.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
45
Sprache Difficult Word Count
36
Joseph Lieberman
But as I traveled around the State of Connecticut, this problem -- product liability litigation -- kept coming up in my discussions with small business men and women, with small and large manufacturing companies, and with plant managers. They told me of problems they had experienced with the product liability system, of the expense of defending yourself even when you win, of the cost of settlements to avoid paying litigation costs, and of the time and energy that product liability suits diverted away from the business of designing new products and bringing them to market.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.17435
VADER
-0.612
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
14.1
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
27
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24
Joseph Lieberman
One of my favorite examples concerns an experience of Mr. Robert Lyons, who runs the Bilco Co. in New Haven, CT. Bilco, a small company, manufactures roof hatch doors. Several years ago, Mr. Lyons and his colleagues at Bilco invented an ingenious safety feature called the LadderUP Safety Post. This device attached to the ladder that led to the roof hatch. When the hatch was opened, the LadderUP Safety Post would automatically extend through the opening to a height several feet above the level of the roof. This allowed a person climbing out of the top of the hatch to hold on to the pole as he or she stepped up onto the roof.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.917
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65.6
Gunning-Fog Score
10
Coleman-Liau Index
10.2
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
5.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Joseph Lieberman
After Bilco put the LadderUP Safety Post on the market, Bilco was sued by a person who had fallen when using a Bilco hatch without the device. The plaintiff argued that Bilco should only have sold its roof hatch with a LadderUP device, and that Bilco should not have permitted its customers simply to buy a hatch. The plaintiff also argued that Bilco should have more widely advertised its product. Despite the fact that anyone who uses a ladder surely must know that you have to be careful when climbing on the top rungs, and the fact that the builder had chosen not to buy or retrofit the hatch with a LadderUP device, Bilco ended up paying $20,000 to settle this case out of court, judging that to be cheaper than going through full litigation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.02165
VADER
-0.052
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.3
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
10
SMOG Index
11.8
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
Joseph Lieberman
Now there are some people who will say, so what is wrong with that? After all, a person who was injured received $20,000 to help compensate for his injuries. But the flaw with the reasoning should be apparent. Private businesses cannot print money. A $20,000 payment here was $20,000 less to be invested in new plant equipment, in developing new products, or hiring new people. And what did Mr. Lyons and Bilco actually do to deserve having to pay $20,000? They invented and put on the market a new product, a new safety device. They did not build the building with the roof hatch, they did not install the hatch, they were not the ones who decided to forego purchasing a LadderUP Safety Post for use with the hatch. All they did was to build a better mousetrap. And for that, a lawyer beat a path to their door.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.41176
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.41176
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.82098
VADER
0.621
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
80.5
Gunning-Fog Score
9.5
Coleman-Liau Index
7.9
SMOG Index
10.4
Automated Readability Index
4.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
27
Sprache Difficult Word Count
37
Joseph Lieberman
The injustice of this case points out a fundamental problem with our product liability system. At a time when we need to be rebuilding our country's manufacturing base, to be promoting innovation in our manufacturing sector, to be designing, building and bringing to market the next generation of high-quality, high-value added products the world will need, our liability system chills innovation like a bucket of cold water.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.125
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.125
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.23639
VADER
0.052
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
23.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Joseph Lieberman
The debate should really center around consumers, because it is consumers who suffer because of this system, not simply businesses. Consumers are the ones who have to pay higher prices in order to cover product liability-related costs. If a ladder costs 20 consumers -- not businesses -- end up paying that 20 percent premium.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.599
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.8
Gunning-Fog Score
14.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Joseph Lieberman
Consumers are also the ones who suffer when valuable innovations do not occur, or when needed products like life-saving medical devices or earthquake shock absorbers do not come to market because no one will supply the necessary raw materials.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.76214
VADER
-0.402
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
18.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Joseph Lieberman
Last term, at a hearing on product liability and sales of raw materials for medical devices, Mr. Mark Reily described what life would be like for his then 9-year-old son, Thomas Reily, if he could no longer obtain a replacement for the silicone shunt in Thomas' head: "The fluid builds pressure inside the head, like steam building inside a locked pressure cooker. If left untreated, it is a well-documented fact that the patient will initially suffer severe brain damage, become comatose and ultimately die." Mr. Reily pleaded for us to reform our product liability laws to ensure that raw materials for Thomas' shunt will continue to be available to the shunt's makers. Mark and Thomas Reily are consumers who are being hurt, not helped, by our product liability system.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.29412
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.29412
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.57054
VADER
-0.958
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.3
Gunning-Fog Score
14
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
50
Sprache Difficult Word Count
46
Joseph Lieberman
The point that Mr. Reily and his son drove home is that the best interests of consumers as a whole are not always identical to the interests of people who are seeking compensation. The people who suffer or die because a new drug or medical device was never developed, or was delayed in its development, are hurt as surely as those who suffer because a device malfunctioned or a drug was improperly designed. These silent victims of our product liability system's chilling effect on innovation are consumers whose interests also deserve protection.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.95551
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.47957
VADER
-0.691
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.7
Gunning-Fog Score
15.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Joseph Lieberman
Of course, even for its putative beneficiaries, people who are injured by defective products, the legal system hardly can be said to work well. GAO, in its five-State survey, found that product liability cases took an average of 2\1/2\ years just to reach trial. If the case was appealed, it took, on average, another year to resolve. This is a very long time for an injured person to wait for compensation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62
Gunning-Fog Score
11.7
Coleman-Liau Index
9.8
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Joseph Lieberman
In some instances too, our product liability laws have erected barriers to suit that just do not make sense. For example, in some States, the statute of limitations -- the time within which a lawsuit can be brought -- begins to run even though the injured person did not know they were injured and could not have known that the product was the cause. In those States, the time in which to bring a suit can expire before the claimant knows or could ever know there is a suite to bring.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.64663
VADER
-0.796
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
63.6
Gunning-Fog Score
14.6
Coleman-Liau Index
9.5
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Joseph Lieberman
Mr. President, no one will argue that this bill will cure all the ills in our product liability system. That would require a gargantuan overhaul and I doubt we can reach agreement as to what that would look like. But we can, I believe, work to enact a balanced package of reforms that works incrementally to eliminate the worst aspects of our current system, to restore some balance to our product liability system. I believe this bill is just such a balanced package.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.1431
VADER
-0.7
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
62.6
Gunning-Fog Score
10
Coleman-Liau Index
10.9
SMOG Index
10
Automated Readability Index
8.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
25
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25
Joseph Lieberman
For people injured by defective products, this bill makes a set of very important and beneficial changes. First, it enacts uniform, nationwide statute of limitations of 2 years from the date the claimant knew or should have discovered both the fact he or she was injured and the cause of the injury. Injured people will no longer lose the right to sue before they knew both that they were hurt and that a specific product caused their injury.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.7346
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.26826
VADER
-0.956
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
56.8
Gunning-Fog Score
15.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Joseph Lieberman
Second, this bill will force defendants to enter alternative dispute resolution processes which can resolve a case in months rather than years. If the defendant unreasonably refuses to enter into ADR, it can be liable for all of claimant's costs and attorney's fees. On the other hand, if a plaintiff unreasonably refuses to enter ADR, she will suffer no penalty.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.83333
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.83333
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.03688
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
-0.681
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.1
Gunning-Fog Score
15.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Joseph Lieberman
For workers who face possible injury in the workplace, this bill will reform the product liability system to give employers a stronger incentive to provide a safe workplace. Under current law, an employer is often permitted to recoup the entire amount of workers compensation benefits paid to an employee who was injured by a defective machine, even if the employer contributed significantly to the injury by, for example, running the machine at excessive speeds or removing safety equipment. This essentially means that an employer can end up paying nothing despite the fact that their misconduct was a significant cause of the injury.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.4
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.4
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.76214
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.38566
VADER
-0.153
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
20.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
36
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38
Joseph Lieberman
This bill would change this. When an employer is found, by clear and convincing evidence, to be partly responsible for an injury, the employer loses recoupment in proportion to its contribution to the injury. This does not change the amount of money going to the injured person, but it makes the employer responsible for its conduct.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.36772
VADER
0.207
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51.9
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Joseph Lieberman
For manufacturers, this bill reforms the product liability system to establish a nationwide standard for punitive damages of proof of conscious, flagrant indifference to public safety by clear and convincing evidence. The clear and convincing evidence standard is already the law in over 25 States. Punitive damages in these product liability cases would also be limited to the greater of $250,000 or three times the amount of economic damages. The American College of Trial Lawyers and ALI support this provision. It will bring some reasonable limits to what too often just results in windfalls to particular claimants instead of the original purpose -- punishing defendant's wrongful behavior.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.81818
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.81818
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.21429
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.21429
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.41985
VADER
-0.572
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27
Gunning-Fog Score
18.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
41
Sprache Difficult Word Count
45
Joseph Lieberman
Manufacturers of durable goods -- goods with life expectancy over 3 years that are used in the workplace -- will also be assured that they cannot be sued more than 20 years after they deliver a product. This will bring an end to suits such as the one in which Otis Elevator was sued over a 75-year-old elevator that had been modified and maintained by a number of different owners and repair persons through the decades. By the way, this same provision will not apply to household goods such as refrigerators, and is only intended to cover those workplace injuries that are already covered by workers compensation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.76214
VADER
0.422
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Joseph Lieberman
Manufacturers will also have some protection against "deep pocket" liability. While the bill still permits States to hold all defendants jointly liable for economic damages such as lost wages, foregone future earnings, past and future medical bills, and cost of replacement services, noneconomic damages such as pain and suffering will be apportioned among codefendants on the basis of each defendant's contribution to the harm. In addition, if the plaintiff misused or altered a product, or used the product under the influence of drugs or alcohol, the manufacturers share of the damages will also be reduced.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-3.04452
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.04762
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.04762
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.09097
VADER
-0.961
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
22.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39
Joseph Lieberman
For wholesalers and retailers, they will, in the majority of cases, be relieved of the threat that they can be held liable for the actions of others. Under current law, for example, the owner of the corner hardware store could be sued for injuries resulting from a power saw just as if she was the manufacturer of a power saw, even if she had no input in the design or assembly of the power saw and had done nothing other than to inspect a sample to make sure there were no obvious flaws and to put the items on the shelf.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.58779
VADER
-0.44
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
8.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26
Joseph Lieberman
For our American economy and industrial base, passage of this product liability reform legislation will move us back to promoting innovation and the development and commercialization of new products. Passing this bill will create and save jobs here, not overseas.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
0.856
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25.8
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Joseph Lieberman
After years of debate, this compromise bill balances important issues: It is pro-business and pro-consumer. It is pro-innovation and pro-safety. But most importantly, it finally balances the scales of justice properly to ensure that victims of defective products remain compensated while consumers receive the best products available. It is incremental reform. And it is a key component of any strategy for long- term economic growth, and for rebuilding our country's manufacturing base.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.75
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.75786
VADER
0.899
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.8
Gunning-Fog Score
16.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Joseph Lieberman
Let me say finally, that in the upcoming months, this bill will be debated over and over. In that rhetoric and inevitable soundbites, one thing should not be lost. This bill does not absolve a company from making an unsafe product. If a company has made a defective product, it must be held fully accountable. Period. But when a company does follow the rules and makes a safe product, it should not have to settle frivolous claims simply to avoid the expense of litigation and protect will be awarded against it.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2381
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2381
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.46262
VADER
0.325
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
60.4
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23
Joseph Lieberman
The time has come for us to move forward, to give this balanced package a chance for full consideration by this body. We owe it to the American people to look beyond the rhetoric. We owe it to the American people to pass this bill. Mr. President, I urge my colleagues to support and enact these overdue reforms.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.70805
VADER
0.572
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
6.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.7
Gunning-Fog Score
7.4
Coleman-Liau Index
9.3
SMOG Index
9.5
Automated Readability Index
4.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Chris Dodd
Mr. President, I am pleased to join with the bipartisan group of Senators who are original cosponsors of the Product Liability Fairness Act of 1995. I would also like to commend Senators Rockefeller, Gorton, and Lieberman for all of their hard work on this legislation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
0.863
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.6
Gunning-Fog Score
9.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Chris Dodd
The current product liability system simply does not serve anyone well. The American people know the problem -- the results in a product liability case depend primarily on a person's ability to afford a good lawyer. That's true whether you are a consumer injured by an unsafe product, or a businessperson trying to defend yourself against an unjustified lawsuit.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.66667
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.29928
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.301
Somewhat Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
32.6
Gunning-Fog Score
13.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24
Chris Dodd
For consumers, the studies show that injured people must wait too long for fair compensation. A recent study by the General Accounting Office found that cases take about 3 years to be resolved -- longer if there is an appeal.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
0.077
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
61.2
Gunning-Fog Score
9.9
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
10.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Chris Dodd
Other studies show dramatically different compensation for similar injuries incurred in the very same way. Wealthier and better educated people fare far better than low-income people and less well-educated people.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.852
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24
Gunning-Fog Score
16.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Chris Dodd
So the present system is not serving the needs of our injured citizens. At the same time, it's not serving the needs of American businesses. They are reluctant to introduce new products because they are not sure what kind of liability they will face under the laws of 55 States and territories.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
-0.81
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64
Gunning-Fog Score
11.5
Coleman-Liau Index
10.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Chris Dodd
This uncertainty is particularly difficult for small businesses, who cannot afford the huge legal costs of the present system. And these are not legal costs that fall only on unscrupulous manufacturers -- many companies have run up enormous legal bills only to be vindicated by the courts. Of course, those victories are hollow at best.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.16705
VADER
0.553
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.4
Gunning-Fog Score
14.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Chris Dodd
And what happens if an American business is afraid to innovate, or forced to defer investment on research and development? Are those only problems for particular businesses, and unworthy of serious attention -- of course not. If American businesses are unable to bring innovative products to the marketplace, or forced to take helpful products off the market, we all lose.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.37949
VADER
-0.791
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
39.2
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Chris Dodd
The search for an AIDS vaccine is a good example. At least one company, Biogen in Massachusetts, terminated its investment in an AIDS vaccine because of product liability fears.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.178
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.3
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Chris Dodd
And this problem is not limited to particular products or companies. The current product liability system threatens entire industries. The contraceptive industry is one example. A 1990 report issued by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine concluded that "product liability litigation has contributed significantly to the climate of disincentives for the development of contraceptive products." The American Medical Association has documented this problem:
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.47957
VADER
-0.694
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
11.4
Gunning-Fog Score
15.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29
Chris Dodd
Is our country well-served by a system that prevents contraceptives, and other critical medical products, from coming to the market? Who benefits from that result?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.33647
VADER
0.241
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.7
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
9.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
10
Chris Dodd
And if the present system is not working -- if it helps neither people who are injured by products nor the businesses who are trying to develop life-saving products -- what should we do? Should we simply give up and walk away? Should we say that there's nothing we can do -- the problem's too big for us too handle? Of course not -- we owe it to the American people to try to do better.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.36772
VADER
0.517
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
75.9
Gunning-Fog Score
8.4
Coleman-Liau Index
8.1
SMOG Index
8.2
Automated Readability Index
6.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Chris Dodd
With passage of the Product Liability Fairness Act we will do better. This legislation may not solve all of the problems in the product liability system, but it will improve that system for everyone -- for the injured people who need fast and fair compensation, for consumers who need quality products to choose from, for those businesses who are at the cutting edge of international competition, and for workers who depend on a strong economy to support their families. The moderate reforms in this measure will reduce the abuses in the current system without eliminating solid protections for those who are victimized by defective or dangerous products.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.04
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.04
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.07696
VADER
-0.847
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
26.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Chris Dodd
Let me highlight some of the key provisions. First, this measure will provide a more uniform system of product liability. Since about 70 percent of all products move between States, it makes sense to have a federal system for resolving disputes. With Federal rules in place, there will be more certainty in the system, and the excessive costs in the present system should come down.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.28571
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.54654
VADER
0.521
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64.1
Gunning-Fog Score
10.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Chris Dodd
The provisions in the bill that encourage alternative dispute resolution will also help reduce the costs in the current system. Currently, too much money goes to transaction costs, primarily lawyers fees, and not enough goes to victims. A 1993 survey of the Association of Manufacturing Technology found that every 100 claims filed against its members cost a total of $10.2 million. Out of that total, the victims received only $2.3 million with the rest of the money going to legal fees and other costs. Clearly, we need to implement a better system in which the money goes to those who need it -- injured people.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.477
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.9
Gunning-Fog Score
12.9
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31
Chris Dodd
Most importantly, and I cannot emphasize this enough, the moderate reforms in this bill offer a balanced approach to the needs of both consumers and businesses. Consumers will benefit, for example, from a statute of limitations provision that preserves a claim until 2 years after the consumer should have discovered the harm and the cause. In many cases, injured people are not sure what caused their injuries and, under the current system, they lose their ability to sue. With this legislation, people injured by products will have adequate time to bring a lawsuit.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.95551
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.1431
VADER
-0.627
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
46.8
Gunning-Fog Score
16.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30
Chris Dodd
Businesses will also benefit from this legislation. For example, in order to recover punitive damages, the plaintiff will have to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the harm was caused by the defendant's "conscious, flagrant indifference to the safety of others." This provision will allow defendants to have a clear understanding of when they may be subject to this quasi-criminal penalty.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.7346
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.47957
VADER
0.572
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
36.5
Gunning-Fog Score
18.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26
Chris Dodd
Under this measure, defendants also have an absolute defense if the plaintiff was under the influence of intoxicating alcohol or illegal drugs and the condition was more than 50 percent responsible for plaintiff's injuries. This provision, it seems to me, is nothing more than common sense. Why should manufacturers pay for the misconduct of intoxicated people?
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.1431
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.3
Gunning-Fog Score
17.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Chris Dodd
Furthermore, product sellers will only be liable for their own negligence or failure to comply with an express warranty. But as an added protection for injured people, this rule will not apply if the manufacturer cannot be brought into court or if the claimant would be unable to enforce a judgment against the manufacturer. This provision will eliminate the need for sellers to hire lawyers in a high percentage of the roughly 95 percent of the cases where they are presently not found to be at fault.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.22378
VADER
-0.827
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.2
Gunning-Fog Score
17.1
Coleman-Liau Index
11.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29
Chris Dodd
Mr. President, this is an issue that many of us have spent a great deal of time on. My involvement dates back to 1986, when I worked on a reform proposal with our distinguished former colleague, Senator Danforth. We did not get very far with that bill. But the effort to improve the product liability system has gained momentum in recent years, and I am optimistic that we can pass this legislation during this Congress.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
0.878
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
67.5
Gunning-Fog Score
9.7
Coleman-Liau Index
10.3
SMOG Index
10.5
Automated Readability Index
7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28
Chris Dodd
Because of the enormous costs associated with the product liability system, both economic and social, we must address this issue with the seriousness that it deserves. Unfortunately, in the past, some have characterized the debate as a battle between the manufacturers and the insurance companies on the one side, and consumers and trial attorneys on the other. Some have viewed this legislation in antagonistic terms, with one side winning and one side losing.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.785
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
31.5
Gunning-Fog Score
17.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Chris Dodd
Of course, the problem is much more complex than that and the solution we will hear from many concerned citizens who can help us refine this legislation. I also look forward to working with my colleagues and the Clinton administration to strengthen this measure. But our Nation cannot afford to maintain the status quo, and this bill will take us a long way toward a fairer product liability system.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.422
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
54.8
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24
Larry Pressler
Mr. President, I am pleased to be an original cosponsor of this important legislation. Our existing product liability system is a disaster. It is inefficient and unfair. The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation has long recognized these problems and has reported favorably a reform bill in six previous Congresses.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.20067
VADER
-0.599
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.2
Gunning-Fog Score
13.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25
Larry Pressler
The Product Liability Fairness Act of 1995 is a balanced bill that will make substantial progress in addressing the many problems with our current system. This bill is good for consumers, good for businesses -- especially small businesses -- and good for those legitimately injured by faulty products.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61904
VADER
0.586
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.9
Gunning-Fog Score
15.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Larry Pressler
I thank Senator Gorton and Senator Rockefeller for their excellent work in preparing this bill. Their solid working relationship on this issue is indicative of the bipartisan support for these essential reforms.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.3979
VADER
0.859
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
32
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Larry Pressler
Mr. President, I have long been a supporter of product liability reform and will make every effort to advance the reform effort.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.077
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.4
Gunning-Fog Score
9.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
6.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.7
Sprache Readability Score
2.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Orrin Hatch
Mr. President, I am extremely pleased to cosponsor the Product Liability Fairness Act of 1995 with Senators Rockefeller and Gorton, and many others. I commend their longstanding leadership on this issue.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.644
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.5
Gunning-Fog Score
9.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Orrin Hatch
This act represents a truly bipartisan effort to correct what many have long recognized to be malfunctions in our product liability system. We want American business to grow, to provide more jobs and more affordable consumer goods, and to continue to make medical and technological breakthroughs that benefit the people of Utah and all Americans. We can do that as well as make sure those who are wrongfully harmed in the marketplace are properly compensated, if we go about it in a rational way.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.58779
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.63636
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.335
VADER
0.691
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.4
Gunning-Fog Score
18.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26
Orrin Hatch
Under the current system, however, American manufacturers have been forced to devote far too many resources to the costs of product liability actions, and consumers have ultimately had to bear those costs. Punitive damage awards have particularly grown out of control and have crippled our manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. We have all heard about astronomical punitive damage awards for spilled coffee and other horror stories. What we often fail to focus on is where these terrific sums are coming from and the insidious economic damage that is caused by forcing the reallocation of millions of dollars away from productive, job creating uses.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.83321
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.08333
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.08333
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.16034
VADER
-0.938
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25
Gunning-Fog Score
18
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
40
Orrin Hatch
The long and short of it is that the current system is harming both companies, workers, and consumers and is desperately in need of the reforms we propose today.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.735
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52
Gunning-Fog Score
15.7
Coleman-Liau Index
10.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Orrin Hatch
Let no one misunderstand what this bill does. It does not prevent injured people from being compensated for the harms caused to them by defective products. I strongly believe that those who are unfortunate enough to be harmed by defective products should have appropriate remedies and should be compensated for the harm they suffer.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.1431
VADER
-0.973
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.8
Gunning-Fog Score
13.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Orrin Hatch
However, product liability law as it stands today is severely skewed. What this law does is correct certain specific inequities in the law as it stands and make those corrections uniform nationwide. Many States, for example, have already enacted reforms at the State level that art similar to those we introduce today.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
-0.402
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.2
Gunning-Fog Score
16.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Orrin Hatch
Under the law as it stands in many other States, however, manufacturers and others can be held responsible for striking amounts of damages for harm that they did not cause -- just because another party cannot or will not pay its fair share. In addition, juries may award runaway amounts of punitive damages for a relatively small amount of harm, and courts can lack the power to adequately restrict those awards once made.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.821
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
35.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Orrin Hatch
The threat alone of excessive punitive damages can force parties to settle under conditions in which they otherwise would not. Finally, as in numerous other areas of the law, litigation costs in product liability cases continue to soar.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.95551
VADER
-0.889
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.9
Gunning-Fog Score
18.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Orrin Hatch
All of this harms our economy. It removes companies' incentives to invest and discourages them from researching and developing newer and safer products. It limits the amount companies can spend on wages, research, and technology. All of this hurts consumers and workers. Litigation costs and the higher insurance costs that companies must pay to cover their expected liability are ultimately passed on to consumers. Of the cost of a simple ladder, for example, a shocking 20 percent goes to paying the costs of product liability litigation. Those costs impact the prices we pay for all sorts of other goods and services that we need and use everyday, and prevent the development and marketing of products we would like to use but cannot because companies are afraid to develop them.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.03704
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.03704
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.07146
VADER
-0.351
Somewhat Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
45.8
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
36
Sprache Difficult Word Count
41
Orrin Hatch
These problems cannot be addressed comprehensively without a uniform, nationwide solution. I look forward to working with my colleagues to get this bill to the President.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
-0.473
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.5
Gunning-Fog Score
12.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
8
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Orrin Hatch
Mr. President, I should also note that I expect to introduce civil justice reform which goes beyond product liability issues in the near future.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.382
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.7
Gunning-Fog Score
8.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
7.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
3.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, in behalf of myself and Senator Inouye, I am re-introducing today legislation I offered in the previous Congress for the private relief of Richard Motoso Sakakida of Fremont, CA. My bill would require the military to review whether the retired lieutenant colonel deserves the Congressional Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, or Silver Star for actions related to his service in the Philippines during World War II.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.671
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.2
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38
Daniel K. Akaka
Despite many courageous and daring actions he undertook as an Army undercover agent before and during the Japanese occupation of the islands, Colonel Sakakida has never been officially recognized for his service there, largely because much of his work was classified, and therefore unknown, until well after the war. Despite efforts undertaken in his behalf by fellow veterans and Members of Congress to accord him the honors he deserves, the Army has refused to consider his case, citing a statute limiting the Medal of Honor or Distinguished Service Cross to those whose recommendations are received within 2 years of the act justifying the awards, or, in the case of World War II veterans, by 1951.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.25131
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.65393
VADER
0.67
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
2.8
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
39
Sprache Difficult Word Count
43
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, I believe a brief review of Colonel Sakakida's wartime exploits will convince my colleagues of the need to enact this legislation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.103
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48
Gunning-Fog Score
8.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.1
Sprache Readability Score
3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12
Daniel K. Akaka
In March 1941, 9 months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Richard Sakakida, the son of Japanese parents who immigrated to Hawaii at the beginning of the century, and another nisei from Hawaii became the first Japanese-Americans recruited to the Army's Counter Intelligence Police [CIP]. This unit would later become the Army Counter Intelligence Corps, or CIC.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
0.477
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
22.8
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22
Daniel K. Akaka
Sworn in as a sergeant. Sakakida was sent to the Philippines, then an American possession; his mission was to spy on Japanese with possible connections to the Japanese military. There, Sakakida was able to masquerade as a draft evader from Hawaii and talk himself into being admitted to an all-Japanese residential hotel in Manila. Under cover of a prearranged job, and without any prior training or experience, he succeeded in establishing a clandestine intelligence collection operation out of his hotel room. As a measure of the success of his penetration of the Japanese community, Sakakida was even offered a post with the Japanese consulate in Mindanao.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.85714
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.85714
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0.875
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
23.8
Gunning-Fog Score
16.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
40
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39
Daniel K. Akaka
The outbreak of war abruptly ended that possibility. Instead of returning to the American side, Sakakida was asked to stay with the Japanese community to continue his work. He relied on sheer resourcefulness to talk his way past unwitting American and Filipino security guards at the gate to the emergency Japanese relocation compound, where Japanese nationals were fact that only a few men were aware of his secret work. In fact, he was eventually arrested on spy charges by the Philippine Constabulary and subjected to punishing interrogation at Bilibid Prison. Throughout the ordeal Sakakida maintained his cover story, as he was later able to do with his Japanese captors.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.125
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.125
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.23639
VADER
-0.945
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.2
Gunning-Fog Score
14.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
41
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38
Daniel K. Akaka
Fortuitously, he was eventually recognized by a Filipino agent who was aware of his undercover status; unfortunately, this also compromised his cover among Philippine authorities. A ruse involving his return to the Japanese compound and unceremonious arrest by American agents was staged in an attempt to maintain his cover in the Japanese community, but the rapid advance of the Japanese Army ended hopes for his return to the Japanese. For the first time since he arrived in the islands, he reentered the American fold.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.22378
VADER
0.318
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21.3
Gunning-Fog Score
15.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
Daniel K. Akaka
Back in military uniform with the CIP, Sargent Sakakida was tasked with interrogating Japanese civilians and POW's in Manila, Bataan, and Corregidor. He translated Japanese diaries and Bataan, and Corregidor. He translated Japanese diaries and combat documents, prepared propaganda leaflets in Japanese, and called upon the Japanese to surrender in loudspeaker broadcasts. He also monitored Japanese air- ground communications and deciphered enemy codes. At Bataan, he singled out and translated a key captured Japanese document that led to the destruction of a large battalion-size force that was attempting a landing there. It was one of the few, perhaps only, major American battlefield successes in a string of setbacks that led to the downfall of Bataan.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.45455
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.45455
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8873
VADER
-0.827
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
29.7
Gunning-Fog Score
15.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
52
Sprache Difficult Word Count
43
Daniel K. Akaka
When the final surrender of the Philippines became imminent at Corregidor in 1942, General MacArthur ordered Sakakida's evacuation to Australia. In spite of the prospect of certain imprisonment, possible torture, and perhaps execution at the hands of the Japanese, he chose to give up his seat on one of the last escape aircraft to a nisei lawyer. Sakakida was aware that the lawyer had a family and for various reasons would have faced serious reprisals had he been captured. As a result, by his own hand, Sakakida became the only Japanese-American to be captured by the Japanese forces in the Philippines.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.07692
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.1431
VADER
-0.103
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
32.5
Gunning-Fog Score
15.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
33
Daniel K. Akaka
Sakakida spent 6 months in a Manila prison, where he would be mercilessly interrogated and tortured. His situation was compounded by the fact that, under existing Japanese law, everyone of Japanese ancestry was considered a citizen of the empire; thus, Sakakida was viewed as a traitor. He was strung up by the arms in such a way that his shoulders were literally dislocated. His captors forced water into him, and struck his swollen stomach repeatedly; they also burned his body with lighted cigarettes. Incredibly, through it all, Sakakida would adhere to his story that he was a civilian forced to work for the U.S. Army.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.95551
VADER
-0.948
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.2
Gunning-Fog Score
11.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38
Daniel K. Akaka
After being tortured, Sakakida spent more time in Bilibid Prison, where he underwent more interrogation for alleged treason. When treason charges against him were dropped, he was assigned to work for the Japanese judge advocate of the 14th Army Headquarters, although Japanese counter-intelligence agents continued their attempts to elicit his true identity through trick questions and other stratagems. He took advantage of his position to aid secretly a number of allied prisoners of war who were being held there for trial for attempting to escape; Sakakida smuggled food to them and imaginatively interpreted for them during their trials. One of these men, a naval officer who was later to become an Oklahoma supreme court justice, believes he escaped execution only through Sakakida's intervention and assistance during the trial.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.65925
VADER
-0.898
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
46
Sprache Difficult Word Count
53
Daniel K. Akaka
During this time, he established contact with the Filipino guerrilla underground, through which he funnelled important Japanese troop and shipping information to MacArthur in Australia. Sakakida's reporting from Manila also contributed to the destruction of a major Japanese task force headed for Davao by American submarines that lay in wait for the convoy. The huge Japanese setback abruptly ended the Japanese advance toward Australia, saving it from an invasion.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.58779
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.4
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.76214
VADER
-0.178
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
18
Gunning-Fog Score
16.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
32
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
Daniel K. Akaka
Sakakida then engineered a daring prison break from Mantinlupa Prison that freed the guerrilla leader Ernest Tupas and 500 of his men. Sakakida himself chose to remain behind in order to continue his intelligence activities from the enemy's midst. Thereafter, Sakakida was able to relay additional tactical information to MacArthur through the guerrillas.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.178
Leans Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
22.9
Gunning-Fog Score
16.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.4
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22
Daniel K. Akaka
After American forces invaded the Philippines, Sakakida escaped from the retreating Japanese forces at Baguio. During a firefight between American and Japanese troops, he suffered shrapnel wounds in the stomach. For the next several months Sakakida wandered alone in the jungle, living off the land, debilitated by his wound. He finally happened upon American troops, whom he eventually convinced of his identity. At that point, he was informed that the war was over.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.63636
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.63636
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.335
VADER
-0.751
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.4
Gunning-Fog Score
10.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, this is a thumbnail sketch of Richard Sakakida's record of service in the Philippines. Naturally, it cannot do justice to the full tale of his courage, daring, sacrifice, and endurance. I have omitted many other incidents that displayed Sakakida's courage and fortitude. In fact, for a variety of reasons, including the secrecy surrounding his intelligence activities, his story has never been told in its entirety until relatively recently.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.99853
VADER
0.883
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.3
Gunning-Fog Score
14.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
31
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, because Sakakida's activities were classified, few were in a position to recommend him for the Medal of Honor or other high award for valor. Much of what we know is largely anecdotal, because circumstances dictated that the presence of any official records would be damaging not only to his personal safety but also to the diplomatic and military efforts of the United States. Now, time has lifted the veil of secrecy, but many of the records of his activities are missing or were never kept; in addition, many witnesses who could have spoken of his exploits were either killed during the war or have since passed away in the period between the end of the war and the vitiation of the official blackout on Sakakida's operations. In spite of this catch-22 situation, I believe that ample evidence exists to support the awarding of the Congressional Medal of Honor to Colonel Sakakida. I believe this especially in view of the fact that the whole of his activities is informed by a supreme consistency, validated by objective events, that only the truth bears.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.20067
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.30769
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.30769
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.61091
VADER
0.735
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.6
Gunning-Fog Score
18.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
57
Sprache Difficult Word Count
59
Daniel K. Akaka
Nevertheless, after Colonel Sakakida's story was publicly revealed several years ago, and his record formally brought to the Army's attention by fellow veterans as well as by my Hawaii colleague, Representative Patsy Mink, the Army's Military Awards Branch refused to consider him for the Medal of Honor. The Army, citing the statute I have referred to earlier, stated that Sakakida's recommendation must have been submitted through official military channels shortly after the end of the war, by 1951. The Army refused to consider the special circumstances surrounding Sakakida's case, namely, that the nature of his intelligence work prevented his story from being appropriately considered prior to the delimiting date. In fact, as I have alluded to before, he was officially enjoined from talking about his intelligence activities during World War II until 1972, more than 20 years after the statutory deadline, when they were declassified and he was no longer bound by his secrecy oath. As a result, Colonel Sakakida's contributions to the allied victory have been overlooked by history and by his country.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.71429
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.46634
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.86904
VADER
0.71
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
16.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
65
Sprache Difficult Word Count
62
Daniel K. Akaka
This is a tragic oversight. Colonel Sakakida has been inducted into the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. He has been honored repeatedly by his Japanese-American comrades-in-arms, notably members of the all- Nisei Military Intelligence Service and the 100th Infantry Battalion/ 442d Regimental Combat Team. At least one book, and chapters in many others, has been devoted to his wartime accomplishments. And, he has been awarded four different medals by the Philippine Government, including the Philippine Legion of Honor Award.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.64663
VADER
0.962
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
32.3
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Daniel K. Akaka
Thus, it seems that everyone but our own Government has recognized Colonel Sakakida's heroic military service in the Philippines. Indeed, the Army has never accorded Sakakida a single award or commendation for bravery associated with his undercover work in the archipelago.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
0.943
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
10.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Daniel K. Akaka
Sakakida's ethnic heritage has had something to do with this slight. While the Army apparently does not keep statistics on the ethnic breakdown of valor awards, one could make the case that Japanese- Americans have been underdecorated with respect to the Medal of Honor.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.908
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.3
Gunning-Fog Score
13.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Daniel K. Akaka
According to the book, "Nisei: The Quiet Americans," by Bill Hosokawa, no Japanese-American had been awarded a Medal of Honor at the end of World War II. It was only when a member of the all-Nisei 100th/ 442d, the most highly decorated military unit in American history made this known to Congress that the medal was awarded posthumously to one of its members.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
0.827
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
32
Gunning-Fog Score
16.7
Coleman-Liau Index
9.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Daniel K. Akaka
Hosokawa noted that a number of the Japanese-Americans in the 100th/ 442d were recommended for the Medal of Honor, but in each case, somewhere along the line, the request was denied and the lesser, Distinguished Service Cross presented instead. As of the late 1960s, according to Hosokawa, only one other Japanese-American received the Medal of Honor, for his service in the Korean war. I have been unable to find data on Vietnam or post-Vietnam conflicts, which is significant in itself. I have no doubt Nisei like Colonel Sakakida suffered racial prejudice at the onset of hostilities with Japan; the unjust internment of Japanese-Americans is proof enough of this.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.22378
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.125
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.125
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.23639
VADER
-0.966
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.4
Gunning-Fog Score
14.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
41
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39
Daniel K. Akaka
There have been other allegations of discrimination in the medal awarding process. Apparently, only one black American received the Medal of Honor for World War I service, and that happened only after the Army conducted research to determine if there had been any barriers to black soldiers in the medal recognition process. And, recently, a retired lieutenant colonel who is African-American alleged he was denied the Medal of Honor for his heroics in Korea because of discrimination.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.16667
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.31015
VADER
0.954
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24.3
Gunning-Fog Score
17.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Daniel K. Akaka
The Army has contracted a second study on black winners of the Medal of Honor in World War II that will presumably throw additional light on this sensitive subject. However, I also understand there are no plans to study Asian-Americans or any other ethnic group.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.20067
VADER
0.511
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.9
Gunning-Fog Score
14.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Daniel K. Akaka
In any event, Mr. President, whether Colonel Sakakida is a victim of discrimination, an outdated law, or merely circumstance, his record is compelling enough to warrant formal review.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.51083
VADER
-0.052
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
29.5
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Daniel K. Akaka
My bill would accomplish this by authorizing the President to award the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, or Silver Star to Colonel Sakakida. The award would be made on the basis of a positive review of his military records by the Secretary of the Army, free of any statutory time restrictions that may pertain to these awards.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.22378
VADER
0.978
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33
Gunning-Fog Score
15.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23
Daniel K. Akaka
Let me stress that this bill does not direct the President to award the Medal of Honor to Colonel Sakakida outright, but to do so only if a review of his records determines that he is indeed deserving of the Nation's highest military decoration.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.542
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25.7
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Daniel K. Akaka
This bill has the strong support of the Japanese-American veterans organizations as well as the Japanese-American community at large. I also have a letter of support from the Philippine Embassy for this effort. I ask unanimous consent that these messages of support, as well as a copy of the bill, be included in the Record at the conclusion of my remarks.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.83321
VADER
0.938
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.2
Gunning-Fog Score
12.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, I do not offer this legislation entirely in Richard Sakakida's behalf. For Richard Sakakida is already amply bestowed with badges of honor -- in the scars that deface his body, in the medication he takes to dull the constant pain he suffers from his wounds, and in the silent knowledge that he rendered extraordinary services to the Nation in its time of need. Rather, I offer this legislation in our collective behalf. For, in honoring individuals such as Richard Sakakida, we honor ourselves -- by reaffirming the value of the freedoms that men and women like him have sacrificed so much to preserve.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.86904
VADER
0.772
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.7
Gunning-Fog Score
13.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
36
Daniel K. Akaka
In closing, I should note that since I last introduced this bill, Colonel Sakakida has suffered serious health problems. It is therefore important that Congress act with dispatch, if Colonel Sakakida is to be appropriately honored for his courageous actions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.422
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.3
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that additional material be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
36.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
6.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.2
Sprache Readability Score
2.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8