Joe Biden

Mr. President, during the past 26 years as a U.S. Senator, I, like all who sit here, have been confronted with some of the most significant issues that have faced our Nation in the last quarter century -- issues ranging from who sits on the highest court of the land, the Supreme Court, to whether or not we should go to war. These and others are, obviously, weighty issues. But none of the decisions has been more awesome, or more daunting, or more compelling than the issue of whether to impeach a sitting President of the United States of America, a responsibility that no Senator will take lightly.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

0.862

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0441564684

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0108279251

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0037519909

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0028150624

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0010724843

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.000997747

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001947868

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001719267

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0001009708

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

4.25716E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

4.21532E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

International Affairs

Score:

47.322

Magnitude:

108

Code:

19

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

24.278

Magnitude:

108

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

8.6

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

65.6

Gunning-Fog Score

10.5

Coleman-Liau Index

10

SMOG Index

11.3

Automated Readability Index

8.2

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.3

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

30

Sprache Difficult Word Count

28

Joe Biden

As imposing as this undertaking is, I am sad to say that I have had to contemplate this issue twice during my service as a U.S. Senator -- once during the term of President Richard Milhous Nixon, and now.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-1.94591

VADER

-0.542

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0395447743

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0366184366

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0096026655

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0060818609

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0046440597

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0006105862

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0005171861

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0003364089

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0002063225

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

9.55394E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

4.35723E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

6.4

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

72.2

Gunning-Fog Score

9.3

Coleman-Liau Index

8.2

SMOG Index

9.9

Automated Readability Index

4.3

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.3

Sprache Readability Score

3.2

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

9

Sprache Difficult Word Count

12

Joe Biden

While the circumstances surrounding these two events are starkly different, the consequences are starkly the same. The gravity of removing a sitting President from office is the same today as it was 26 years ago. And 26 years ago as a much younger U.S. Senator, I took to the floor on April 10, 1974, and said the following:

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-1.60944

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.0470964034

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0067448847

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0024992649

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0011731179

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0008866305

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0008628116

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

2.82446E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

5.5721E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

2.2354E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

3.98E-8

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

7.0E-10

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

56.11

Magnitude:

55

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

6

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

73

Gunning-Fog Score

10.1

Coleman-Liau Index

8.9

SMOG Index

10.5

Automated Readability Index

4.3

Dale-Chall Readability Score

3.8

Sprache Readability Score

3.2

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

12

Sprache Difficult Word Count

14

Joe Biden

It is somewhat presumptuous for any Senator to quote himself. But I cite it to point out that my views then with a Republican President are the same as my views today with the Democratic U.S. President. It is time for all parties involved in this affair to show restraint.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-2.19722

VADER

0.402

Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.1387637574

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.1019972493

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0360680831

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0310688978

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0184488963

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0052902207

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0019929836

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

4.08405E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

2.77658E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.00107E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

9.03E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Civil Rights

Score:

37.947

Magnitude:

84

Code:

2

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

5.3

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

75.4

Gunning-Fog Score

5.6

Coleman-Liau Index

9.3

SMOG Index

9

Automated Readability Index

3.8

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.2

Sprache Readability Score

2.9

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

12

Sprache Difficult Word Count

12

Joe Biden

I rise today because I believe that we are not exercising the restraint as we should. Those words that I said 24 years ago have an uncanny ring to them. Furthermore, in 1974, I urged my colleagues in the U.S. Senate during the Watergate period to learn from the story of Alice in Wonderland. I cautioned then that they remember Alice's plight when the Queen declared, "Sentence first and verdict afterwards." But the need for restraint then is even greater now than it was in 1974.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.5

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.5

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.8473

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.2

Slightly Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.2

Slightly Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.33647

VADER

0.527

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence > Graphic

0.017251118

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0148365769

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0033279699

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0030012719

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0018426348

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001770124

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0001610718

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.3707E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

6.9623E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

6.681E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.034E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

89.881

Magnitude:

97

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

5.9

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

74.6

Gunning-Fog Score

8.2

Coleman-Liau Index

9.4

SMOG Index

10.1

Automated Readability Index

5

Dale-Chall Readability Score

3.9

Sprache Readability Score

3.8

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

18

Sprache Difficult Word Count

20

Joe Biden

The impeachment question then was not as politically charged as it is today. In 1974, we were willing to hear all the evidence before we made any decision. We had men like Howard Baker and Sam Ervin. We had men like Chairman Peter Rodino. We had Democrats and Republicans. I remember a brilliant young Senator from Maine, who was then a Congressman named William Cohen, a Republican, and now our Secretary of Defense. He was a Congressman from Maine. I remember how serious they took the process, how much restraint they showed, and how bipartisan their actions were.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.5

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.5

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.8473

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.61904

VADER

0.849

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.4826777615

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0641657913

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0339762075

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0151369939

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0049758553

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0019196954

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0009803655

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

3.02743E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

2.05277E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.58694E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.0411E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

37.36

Magnitude:

51

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

8.2

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

58

Gunning-Fog Score

9

Coleman-Liau Index

11.3

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

6.4

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.4

Sprache Readability Score

4.7

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

30

Sprache Difficult Word Count

31

Joe Biden

Today, I hope for our Nation's sake -- not the President's, but for our Nation's sake -- that we don't follow the Queen's directive in Alice in Wonderland to "sentence first and verdict afterwards," and that we will make a wise judgment about the fate of the President after deliberate consideration.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.94591

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.51083

VADER

0.815

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence > Graphic

0.0181982541

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0169252511

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0034231387

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0005537537

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0002412444

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0001708904

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

8.89298E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.18577E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

1.01248E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

8.0103E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

8.388E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

86.897

Magnitude:

70

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

27.6

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7.3

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

15

Sprache Difficult Word Count

16

Joe Biden

My legal training combined with more than a quarter of century of experience in the U.S. Senate, a significant part of that as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, has taught me several important lessons. Two of these are lessons that I believe are appropriate now. First is that an orderly society must first care about justice; and, second, all that is constitutionally permissible may not be just or wise.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

2.83321

VADER

0.915

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.038019105

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0066132125

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0040487135

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0035939254

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.000405946

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0002293727

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0001938698

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0001921292

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001675976

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

5.3257E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.1732E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

38.96

Magnitude:

26

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Civil Rights

Score:

21.375

Magnitude:

26

Code:

2

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9.1

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

54.8

Gunning-Fog Score

11.3

Coleman-Liau Index

11.9

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

7.8

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.3

Sprache Readability Score

3.9

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

16

Sprache Difficult Word Count

19

Joe Biden

Let me repeat the latter. All that is constitutionally permissible to do may be not wise to do, or may not be just in the doing.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

-0.157

Leans Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1484116772

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0055394816

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0043978573

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0026189144

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0009917666

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0009130509

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0004826935

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.000189912

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

2.08796E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.607E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

7.148E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

62.802

Magnitude:

56

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

5.8

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

76.5

Gunning-Fog Score

8.3

Coleman-Liau Index

6.8

SMOG Index

9

Automated Readability Index

3.2

Dale-Chall Readability Score

3.1

Sprache Readability Score

2.6

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

4

Sprache Difficult Word Count

5

Joe Biden

It is with these two very important lessons guiding me that I embark upon a very important decision involving our country, our Constitution and our President. The power to overturn and undo a popular election by the people for the first time in our Nation's history must be exercised with great care and with sober deliberation.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.4

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.4

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.76214

VADER

0.922

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0889329298

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0077998346

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.004786639

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0044445133

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0027210748

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0026781128

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0019757759

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.75239E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

1.40377E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.3916E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.1055E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

77.206

Magnitude:

76

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

34.9

Gunning-Fog Score

18.3

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.1

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

13

Sprache Difficult Word Count

17

Joe Biden

We should not forget that 47.4 million Americans voted for our President in 1996, and 8.2 million voted for the President's opponent. We should also not forget, as I tell my students in the constitutional law class I teach on separation of powers, that the entire essence of our constitutional system is built upon the notion of the consent of the governed, and when we deign to overturn a decision of the governed, we are on very thin ice.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.6

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.6

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-1.09861

VADER

0.346

Somewhat Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0074397212

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0044667864

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.003074342

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0030075782

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0009048836

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0004959461

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.000294364

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.65645E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

1.20877E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

4.4975E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.2757E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

84.078

Magnitude:

66

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

42.5

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

9.8

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

20

Sprache Difficult Word Count

22

Joe Biden

I believe Members of Congress should begin their deliberation with a thorough understanding of the impeachment process. They should understand what the framers of the Constitution intended the standard of impeachment to be. I have heard no discussion of that issue thus far. And, further, how the framers of the Constitution intended the process to work; again, I have heard no discussion of that thus far.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

2.56495

VADER

-0.527

Very Negative

Moderation

Harassment

0.4001372494

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0224115094

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0129951004

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0026992073

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0010185769

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0006785765

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0004630298

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001864488

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.79672E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

5.9987E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.0681E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

39.994

Magnitude:

84

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Civil Rights

Score:

30.157

Magnitude:

84

Code:

2

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

10.2

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

51.7

Gunning-Fog Score

12.1

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

10.6

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.6

Sprache Readability Score

4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

20

Sprache Difficult Word Count

16

Joe Biden

Let me say at the outset that what President Clinton did and acknowledged to have done is reprehensible. It was, at a minimum, a horrible lapse in judgment, and it has brought shame upon him personally. It has brought shame upon the Office of the Presidency, and his actions have hurt his family, his friends, his supporters, the causes for which he fights, and the country as a whole. I am confident that he fully understands the gravity of what he has done now.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.16667

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.16667

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.31015

VADER

-0.765

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0290003169

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0222184681

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0057445741

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0026737058

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0020758884

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0013193348

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0004623291

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

7.47016E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.19643E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

6.428E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.4828E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

71.46

Magnitude:

248

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9.7

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

62.6

Gunning-Fog Score

13.6

Coleman-Liau Index

10

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

9.7

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4

Sprache Readability Score

4.8

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

16

Sprache Difficult Word Count

20

Joe Biden

Let me also say that I have made no judgment. I have not made any decision on what I think should happen. I have not come to any conclusion as to consequences the President should face for his shameful behavior, because I believe the oath of office that I have taken on five solemn occasions -- four which were right here in the well, and one which was in a hospital in Wilmington, DE -- on those five occasions, the oath that I took I believe precludes me, and I will respectfully suggest any other Senator, from prejudging, as I and all other Senators may be required to serve as the Constitution dictates, as judge and juror in what may become the trial of this century. I can only make -- and I would respectfully suggest all of us can only make -- an assessment after hearing all the evidence, evidence against the President and evidence in support of the President. No one knows, to the best of my knowledge, but the Lord Almighty, how all this will turn out. However, because this is the second time in my career I have had to face this awesome responsibility, I have given this topic a great deal of thought and consideration and would like to explore, with the indulgence of the Presiding Officer, some of the issues that I believe will surely confront responsible Members of Congress and all Americans as we enter this difficult period in our history.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.2

Slightly Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.2

Slightly Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.33647

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.46154

Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.46154

Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.95551

VADER

0.905

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0565155293

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0156695969

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0130691013

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0123563543

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0013636494

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0006774746

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001467846

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

8.62314E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.86442E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

5.1104E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

4.1687E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

55.115

Magnitude:

105

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

38.3

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

10.4

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.4

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

53

Sprache Difficult Word Count

57

Joe Biden

Mr. President, the framers of the Constitution who met in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787 considered -- and this is a fact little known, at least little spoken to -- offering this country a Constitution that did not include the power to impeach the President. Let me reemphasize that. The founders considered not including in our Constitution the power to remove the President from office. After all, they reasoned, any wrongs against the public would be dealt with by turning the President out in the next election. To overturn an election, which I will speak to in a moment, would lend itself to political chicanery.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.60944

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.09091

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.09091

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.16705

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.1212509815

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0359433936

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.014828275

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0044269673

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0025439143

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0014708568

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0013670543

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001745345

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0001346754

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.38235E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

6.842E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

62.583

Magnitude:

67

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9.7

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

56.6

Gunning-Fog Score

10.8

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

9.7

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.8

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

26

Sprache Difficult Word Count

27

Joe Biden

One delegate to the Constitutional Convention, Charles Pinckney of South Carolina, worried that the threat of impeachment would place the President under the thumb of a hostile Congress, thereby weakening the independence of the office and threatening the doctrine upon which our Constitution was built -- the separation of powers. According to James Madison's notes, Pinckney called impeachment a "rod" that Congress would hold over the President.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.3979

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.42857

Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.42857

Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.78846

VADER

-0.917

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0817877473

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0567148381

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0450300111

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0206559096

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.003728603

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0016966207

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001597679

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

8.03257E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.68654E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

3.25942E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.47455E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Civil Rights

Score:

61.692

Magnitude:

105

Code:

2

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

25.9

Gunning-Fog Score

18.7

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8.3

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

28

Sprache Difficult Word Count

29

Joe Biden

In being reluctant to include any impeachment power, the framers were not trying to create an imperial Presidency. In fact, what they were worried about was protecting all American citizens against the tyranny of a select group. In their view, the separation of powers constituted one of the most powerful means for protecting individual liberty, because it prevented Government power from being concentrated in any single branch of Government. To make the separation of powers work properly, they reasoned, each branch must be sufficiently strong and independent from the other so that the power of one branch could not be encroached upon by the other.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.19722

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.28571

Slightly Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.28571

Slightly Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.54654

VADER

0.746

Very Positive

Moderation

Harassment

0.0754181063

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.064923428

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0612856529

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0311264448

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0020889498

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0007243355

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0006806745

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001179389

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.24177E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.74433E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.01326E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

82.57

Magnitude:

82

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

34.4

Gunning-Fog Score

17.4

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.9

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

24

Sprache Difficult Word Count

31

Joe Biden

The framers were concerned that any process whereby the legislative branch, the branch they deemed "the most dangerous," could sit in judgment of a President who would be vulnerable to the abuse of partisan faction which, as my friend and Presiding Officer and gifted lawyer knows, was one of the overwhelming, recurring concerns of the founders -- partisan politics. They feared that this most dangerous branch could sit in judgment of a President who would be vulnerable to abuse by partisan factions.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.83321

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.45455

Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.45455

Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.8873

VADER

-0.939

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.3299534088

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0168224098

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0113253162

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.003297962

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.002361949

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0012315684

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0007479057

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0004358542

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

7.29158E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

8.8294E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

7.423E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

57.843

Magnitude:

36

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

22.425

Magnitude:

36

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

29.9

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7.7

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

29

Sprache Difficult Word Count

23

Joe Biden

Federalist No. 65 begins its defense of the impeachment process which ultimately was included by warning of the dangers of the abuse -- of the abuse -- of the power. It argues, Federalist 65, that is, that impeachment:

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.56495

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.6

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.6

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-1.09861

VADER

-0.954

Very Negative

Moderation

Harassment

0.4567928612

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0930811802

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0184895951

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0147649553

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0118387674

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0013060877

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0006883703

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

7.57166E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.7068E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.1389E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.2408E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

74.978

Magnitude:

76

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

8.4

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

56

Gunning-Fog Score

10.4

Coleman-Liau Index

11.5

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

6.4

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.4

Sprache Readability Score

2.9

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

11

Sprache Difficult Word Count

10

Joe Biden

Don't you find it kind of fascinating that the Federalist Papers, which were the 1787-1788-1789 version of advertising to sell the Constitution, don't you think it fascinating, instead of them writing about, warning about the abuse of power by the President requiring impeachment, they wrote about and were concerned about and more debate was conducted about the abuse of power by political factions in the legislative branch to overturn the will of the American people?

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.3979

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.11111

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.11111

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.20067

VADER

-0.74

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1029464533

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0482356583

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0230121776

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0167619961

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0030442714

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0017087763

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0014700182

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.000111498

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.93042E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.8769E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.07046E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

51.126

Magnitude:

94

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

20.341

Magnitude:

94

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

0

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7.7

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

19

Sprache Difficult Word Count

21

Joe Biden

So the framers were fully aware that the impeachment process could become partisan attacks on the President -- charged with animosities generated by all manner of trials, prior struggles and disagreements over executive branch decisions, over policy disputes, over resentment at losing the prior election, and God only knows what else.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.94591

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.99853

VADER

-0.926

Very Negative

Moderation

Harassment

0.0229529222

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0159031479

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0143868907

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0062245832

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0050282397

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0004652128

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

8.49743E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

7.18514E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

3.7299E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.4317E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

5.688E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

72.348

Magnitude:

195

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

0

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

9.4

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

22

Sprache Difficult Word Count

24

Joe Biden

Federalist No. 65 expresses the view that the use of impeachment to vindicate any of these animosities would actually be an abuse of power. So the power that they were at least equally in part worried about being abused was the partisan power of a legislative body to overturn a decision of the American people -- giving too much power to the legislative branch at the expense of the executive branch, thereby diluting the separation of powers doctrine, concentrating it too much in one place and thereby jeopardizing the liberty and freedom of individual Americans.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.3979

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.14286

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.14286

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.26826

VADER

-0.153

Leans Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1996202627

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0674377778

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0181382988

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0168847764

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0009949781

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.000648772

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.000483433

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001278833

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.73363E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

7.3876E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

6.1948E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

46.589

Magnitude:

84

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

39.301

Magnitude:

84

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

20.2

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.9

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

26

Sprache Difficult Word Count

31

Joe Biden

This sentiment that I referred to about the abuse of power by this body and the House is as true today as it was when the Constitution was being written. It was also true when Richard Nixon faced impeachment in 1974. In fact, it would have been wrong for Richard Nixon to have been removed from office based upon a purely partisan vote. No President should be removed from office merely because one party enjoys a commanding lead in either House of Congress. And I would remind my colleagues that when I arrived here in 1973, and when the Nixon hearings were going on in 1974, the Democratic Party -- and he was obviously a Republican -- enjoyed an overwhelming, commanding plurality of votes. My recollection is there were roughly 64 Democratic Members of the Senate at the time, and a prohibitively large plurality of Democrats in the House of Representatives. In fact, it would have been wrong then, as it would be wrong now, to have removed him based upon the power that was in the hands of one party. No President should be removed merely because one party enjoys a commanding lead in either House of Congress.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0.11111

Leans Positive

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0.11111

Leans Positive

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0.20067

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.07692

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.07692

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.1431

VADER

0.797

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.5410442129

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0278175197

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0232541555

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0216653294

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0082603117

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0014817554

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0011178998

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0003118302

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

7.81433E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.45257E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

9.5121E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

44.919

Magnitude:

63

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

27.652

Magnitude:

63

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

11.6

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

55.6

Gunning-Fog Score

12.5

Coleman-Liau Index

10.6

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.7

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

43

Sprache Difficult Word Count

41

Joe Biden

Yet, while the framers knew that the impeachment process could become partisan, they needed to deal with the strong anti-Federalist factions that jeopardized the possibility of the Constitution being ratified by the requisite number of States. The anti-Federalists strenuously argued that the Federal Government would quickly get out of step with the sentiments of the people and become vulnerable to corruption and intrigue, arrogance and tyranny. These charges proved close to fatal as the ratifying conventions in the States took up the proposed Constitution.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.3979

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.83333

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.83333

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-2.03688

VADER

-0.802

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0030071076

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0028788732

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0006431839

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0004555127

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.000203773

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

8.05015E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

1.45039E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

2.3487E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

6.95E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.18E-8

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

3.0E-10

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

23.3

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.9

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

30

Sprache Difficult Word Count

33

Joe Biden

It was with this looming danger in mind, of losing the ratification fight, that the Federalists decided to include the impeachment provision in the Constitution. The framers of the Constitution knew that the Constitution would have been even more vulnerable to charges of establishing a government remote from the people if the President were not subject to removal except at the next election.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.19722

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.95551

VADER

-0.83

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.080768019

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0164658777

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0070287242

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0054992957

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0025231289

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0024941837

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0002086197

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

8.95218E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.22321E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

3.6702E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.1474E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

46.478

Magnitude:

79

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

35.825

Magnitude:

79

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

28.5

Gunning-Fog Score

18.3

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.1

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

18

Sprache Difficult Word Count

19

Joe Biden

James Madison's notes, again, of the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention, record his observations of the debate, where he said he:

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-1.09861

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.035040002

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0112010326

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0068688816

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0054615834

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.00531761

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.002767461

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0002759648

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.000143694

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

7.40583E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.69631E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.39854E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

77.537

Magnitude:

125

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

22.8

Gunning-Fog Score

9.7

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.8

Sprache Readability Score

3.6

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

7

Sprache Difficult Word Count

8

Joe Biden

So, those concerns, those concerns expressed by Madison about whether or not the President might lose his ability to lead, might "pervert his administration to a scheme of speculation or oppression, might betray his trust to a foreign power" -- they were thought to be sufficient reason to include the power of impeachment in the Constitution. So, in the end, the framers of the Constitution risked the abuse of power by the Congress to gain the advantages of impeachment.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.58779

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.125

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.125

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.23639

VADER

-0.7

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1024040044

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0656020129

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0393292779

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0341778737

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0191082989

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0067750349

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0015461341

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001267157

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

5.8854E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.30576E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

7.5408E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

92.794

Magnitude:

90

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

32.8

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

25

Sprache Difficult Word Count

27

Joe Biden

Once the decision to include the power of impeachment had been made, the remainder of the debate on the impeachment clause focused on two issues. The first debate, which we do not even talk about, was whether or not to give the power to the Congress to impeach, and weighed the advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantage was, it would lead to partisan bickering and abuse of power by the Congress. But that was outweighed, ultimately, in their minds, by the process that a President could and might subvert the interests of this country to a foreign power or subvert the office to oppress the people or to take advantage of the office in a way that was inappropriate in the minds of the American people.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.14286

Leans Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.14286

Leans Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.25131

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.125

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.125

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.23639

VADER

-0.382

Somewhat Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1929704333

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0254927669

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0049853734

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0034848079

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0021739961

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.002023619

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.00045324

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.000434037

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001608673

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.51409E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.11094E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

43.428

Magnitude:

54

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

41.586

Magnitude:

54

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

46.5

Gunning-Fog Score

17

Coleman-Liau Index

11.1

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.7

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

33

Sprache Difficult Word Count

29

Joe Biden

Once that decision was made, though, they then focused on, OK, we are going to include it, but -- but -- what was supposed to constitute an impeachable offense? Put another way, what was the standard going to be that they expected the Congress to use? And then they said: After we decide that, we have to decide how is impeachment to work? How is the process to be undertaken? And what were the procedures that should be set down as to how to approach such an awesome undertaking?

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.8473

VADER

0.835

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0052275598

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0033674609

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0023753304

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.002013121

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0007619487

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0003169088

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0002575376

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

4.66725E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

3.81557E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

3.64463E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

8.6978E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

92.225

Magnitude:

51

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

8

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

68.6

Gunning-Fog Score

12.9

Coleman-Liau Index

9.6

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

7.6

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.1

Sprache Readability Score

4.4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

18

Sprache Difficult Word Count

20

Joe Biden

As we shall see, the framers proved unable to separate these two issues entirely. Understanding how they are entwined, however -- that is, the question of what constitutes an impeachable offense and how is the mechanism to work -- understanding how these two issues are intertwined, I believe, will help us to understand the full implications of the power that the Constitution gives those of us who serve in the Congress. The Constitution provides that the House of Representatives shall have the power to impeach -- article I, section 2, clause 5.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.94591

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.27273

Slightly Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.27273

Slightly Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.51083

VADER

0.178

Leans Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.1013687928

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0428607455

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0244607771

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.014384216

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0066325949

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0038162638

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0003353406

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0003203632

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.25788E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.71282E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.70282E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

95.415

Magnitude:

104

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

40.8

Gunning-Fog Score

18.2

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.1

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

26

Sprache Difficult Word Count

27

Joe Biden

The framers' decision that the House of Representatives would initiate the charges of impeachment follows the pattern of the English Parliament, where the House of Lords initiates charges of impeachment. Beyond this, the choice -- the choice of the House being given this power -- must have seemed fairly compelled by two related considerations.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.8473

VADER

-0.459

Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.213757134

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.04351674

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0288961892

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0229839774

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0073960691

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.003898855

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.003117113

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0019151459

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0009712829

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0003621254

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

8.1101E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

57.972

Magnitude:

67

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

30.146

Magnitude:

67

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

38.9

Gunning-Fog Score

15.8

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.1

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

16

Sprache Difficult Word Count

20

Joe Biden

The first, already mentioned, was the need to provide the people as a whole with assurances that the Government they were being asked to create would be responsive to the interests and concerns of the people themselves. So what better place to go than the people's house, the House of Representatives?

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0.51083

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.95551

VADER

0.88

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.322829932

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0514371844

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.006069387

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0044617249

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0033013668

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0010468257

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.000884595

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.000135111

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

7.11155E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

3.42266E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.87577E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

82.403

Magnitude:

33

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

11.7

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

56.5

Gunning-Fog Score

13.3

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.7

Sprache Readability Score

4.8

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

11

Sprache Difficult Word Count

13

Joe Biden

The second reason for the House being given this power to initiate was the framers' substantive understanding of the impeachment power. It was a power to hold accountable Government officers who had, in Hamilton's terms, committed "an abuse or violation of some public trust," thereby committing an injury "done immediately to the society itself." Keep in mind what they are talking about here -- at least what Hamilton was talking about -- as to what constituted the kind of offense that was contemplated to be impeachable: Something that was an abuse or violation of the public trust and done immediately to the society itself.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.3979

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.2

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.2

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.37949

VADER

-0.92

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1953791361

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0396652176

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0234449253

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0202044481

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0067717789

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0044122156

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0033221797

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.000417675

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0002544702

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0001269375

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0001117072

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

91.545

Magnitude:

106

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

23.9

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.7

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

26

Sprache Difficult Word Count

31

Joe Biden

If the gravamen of an impeachment is the breach of public trust, no branch of the Federal Government could have seemed more appropriate to initiate such a proceeding than the House of Representatives, which was conceived and defended as the Chamber most in tune with the people's sympathies and hence most appropriate to reflect the people's views as to whether the society itself was done immediate harm.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.60944

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.66667

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.66667

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.29928

VADER

-0.34

Somewhat Negative

Moderation

Harassment

0.2043104032

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0156278766

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0061758576

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0012118578

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0005684587

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0003012469

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001300167

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.35055E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.33179E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

9.688E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.2413E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

65.601

Magnitude:

70

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

5

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8.3

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

21

Sprache Difficult Word Count

25

Joe Biden

The Constitution further provides that the President shall be "removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." Article 2, section 4 of the U.S. Constitution.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.19722

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

-0.44

Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1323436387

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0543323637

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0150564389

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0099670135

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0090953523

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0013017614

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0008344248

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0004879648

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0004508714

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0004122676

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

4.97015E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

94.292

Magnitude:

28

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

7.4

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

57.8

Gunning-Fog Score

5.8

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

10.8

Automated Readability Index

7.2

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.3

Sprache Readability Score

2.9

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

13

Sprache Difficult Word Count

14

Joe Biden

The Constitution provides that "the House of Representatives shall . . . have the . . . Power of Impeachment." Article I, section 2, clause 5. And the Senate shall remove from office on "Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." This language, the language about what he should be removed for, went through several changes during the summer of 1787. In the initial drafts, the grounds for impeachment -- once the debate was over as to whether or not to include impeachment as a power -- the initial drafts, the grounds for impeachment, were restricted to treason and bribery alone, period; nothing else -- not another single thing.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.3979

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.42857

Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.42857

Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.78846

VADER

-0.856

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0141936442

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0105803912

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0010952414

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0008115161

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0006533649

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.000503526

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001299488

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

8.62736E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.11608E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.1561E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.547E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

87.05

Magnitude:

48

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

57.4

Gunning-Fog Score

10.2

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

9.6

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.1

Sprache Readability Score

4.6

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

29

Sprache Difficult Word Count

26

Joe Biden

I remind my friends who call themselves strict constructionists -- I have run into them over my 26-year career and, as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, have had numerous debates with now Supreme Court Justices, and some who are not Supreme Court Justices, on what is the proper methodology for interpreting the Constitution. Those who view themselves as strict constructionists say the words, if their plain meaning is clear, control.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.11111

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.11111

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.20067

VADER

0.82

Very Positive

Moderation

Harassment

0.0251773716

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0205100368

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0087975131

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.002656958

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0008288612

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0006340559

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0004048523

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0001126288

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

7.38498E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.1666E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

8.323E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

53.148

Magnitude:

15

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

35.563

Magnitude:

15

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

36

Gunning-Fog Score

16.9

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.5

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

21

Sprache Difficult Word Count

22

Joe Biden

Initially this debate, once impeachment was decided upon as a power that would be granted to the Congress, included impeachable offenses for only two purposes: Treason or bribery.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.8473

VADER

-0.527

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0762966927

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0371426839

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0172476794

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0115151459

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0071942202

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0053818127

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0033266751

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0004460761

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.65254E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.40165E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

9.0992E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

69.211

Magnitude:

267

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

22.196

Magnitude:

267

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

18.3

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8.2

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

12

Sprache Difficult Word Count

13

Joe Biden

When the matter was brought up on September 8, 1787, George Mason, of Virginia, inquired as to why the grounds should be restricted only to those two provisions. He reasoned that there are other ways the public trust in government can be abused, so why only these two? He argued:

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.60944

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

-0.612

Very Negative

Moderation

Harassment

0.4126118962

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0424631085

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0180998046

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0085205247

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0073500523

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0037006219

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.002418188

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0004613611

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0004437298

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

7.45359E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

9.047E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

95.501

Magnitude:

70

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

7.9

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

68.1

Gunning-Fog Score

9.9

Coleman-Liau Index

9.7

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

7.3

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4

Sprache Readability Score

3.7

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

10

Sprache Difficult Word Count

13

Joe Biden

So, accordingly, he moved to add the word "maladministration" as a third ground for impeachment.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.0325028406

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0221922353

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0060267022

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0023713197

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.000476678

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0003126219

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0001017855

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

4.77374E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.97878E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.6146E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

6.503E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9.9

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

50.6

Gunning-Fog Score

14

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

10.2

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5

Sprache Readability Score

2.8

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

4

Sprache Difficult Word Count

4

Joe Biden

James Madison objected to Mason's motion, contending that to add "so vague a term" -- the term being maladministration -- to add "so vague a term will be equivalent to a tenure during the pleasure of the Senate." Or put another way, if you said "maladministration," the majority party in the House and the Senate could at any time overturn an election by alleging maladministration. So Madison came along and said, "I understand what you are trying to do, old George, to Mason" -- my words, not theirs -- "I understand what you are trying to do here; we acknowledge that you can violate the public trust and abuse the office to do injury to the American people other than by treason and bribery." But if you read Madison's notes, if you read the debate, as I have, I challenge you to find an interpretation other than essentially what I am giving you here, which is this: "But, George, if you put maladministration on, it will be subject to too much -- too much -- abuse. And, George, I acknowledge that something beyond treason and bribery can do harm. But, George, let's be careful what we add." They debated it. James Madison objected to the motion, as I said, because it was vague and here, again, we see the worry that impeachment would be misused by the Congress to reduce the independence of the President, allowing partisan factions to interfere at the expense of the larger public good and overturning the election or the consent of the governed being attacked because separation of powers had been reduced.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.88889

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.88889

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.45674

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.28205

Slightly Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.28205

Slightly Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.56453

VADER

-0.922

Very Negative

Moderation

Sexual

0.0361612794

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0187444268

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0113116213

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0095982265

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0079568388

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0024415109

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0009722977

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

6.08989E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.29228E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.08443E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

3.539E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

39.2

Gunning-Fog Score

18.7

Coleman-Liau Index

11

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.8

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

69

Sprache Difficult Word Count

60

Joe Biden

The objection on the part of Madison proved effective, because Mason subsequently withdrew the motion and came up with another phrase, and you know what the phrase was. It said: ". . .or other high crimes and misdemeanors." Obviously, the context in which "high crimes and misdemeanors" was entered was to be something a heck of a lot more than maladministration and less than treason or bribery, or at least equal to.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.71429

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.71429

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.46634

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.14286

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.14286

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.25131

VADER

0.123

Leans Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.462523941

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.1818812219

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.1440186286

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0196931724

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0195438086

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0094640236

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.003331199

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0020722271

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0011930652

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.12119E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.01927E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9.8

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

56.1

Gunning-Fog Score

12.7

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

9.7

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.8

Sprache Readability Score

4.4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

22

Sprache Difficult Word Count

20

Joe Biden

What does this phrase mean? It is clear the framers thought it to be limited in scope, but beyond this, constitutional scholars of whom I have inquired and read have been debating the meaning of this phrase from the very early days of the Republic, and there is not a clear consensus. Despite this ongoing dialog and disagreement, though, I believe there are two important points of agreement in the minds of almost all constitutional scholars as to the original understanding of the phrase.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.51083

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.38462

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.38462

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.74721

VADER

0.705

Very Positive

Moderation

Sexual

0.0049847509

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0032054908

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0023204311

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0013274056

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0011831658

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0008740108

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.000446486

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0001850459

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

6.49806E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

5.30229E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

4.68355E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

50.5

Gunning-Fog Score

16.4

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.7

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

23

Sprache Difficult Word Count

21

The Presiding Officer

The PRESIDING OFFICER.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.09861

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.044679892

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0068365407

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0015045267

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0009524431

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0002811687

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

5.52398E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

1.33771E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

9.7699E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

5.3664E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.79E-8

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

6.3E-9

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

69.69

Magnitude:

36

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

5.7

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

66.8

Gunning-Fog Score

2.8

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

10.3

Automated Readability Index

5.3

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.9

Sprache Readability Score

1.9

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

4

Sprache Difficult Word Count

5

Joe Biden

I ask unanimous consent to proceed for another 15 minutes.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.09861

VADER

0.226

Slightly Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.1255902462

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.033146693

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0299230684

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0224436269

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0054322667

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0047751084

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0019567042

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0005564127

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0002530134

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

9.89452E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

9.47656E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

95.356

Magnitude:

103

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

8.4

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

52.9

Gunning-Fog Score

12

Coleman-Liau Index

11.3

SMOG Index

11.3

Automated Readability Index

5.2

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.2

Sprache Readability Score

2.1

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

3

Sprache Difficult Word Count

3

The Presiding Officer

The PRESIDING OFFICER.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.60944

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.1669858117

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0479915994

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0133603578

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0070969239

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0060889757

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0015060355

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0002066709

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001396851

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.30901E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

2.64992E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.2415E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

76.437

Magnitude:

39

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

8.5

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

42.5

Gunning-Fog Score

6.2

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

10.3

Automated Readability Index

5.9

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.5

Sprache Readability Score

1.5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

3

Sprache Difficult Word Count

4

Joe Biden

Mr. President, despite this dialog, as I indicated, scholars agree on two important points and a third issue where the weight of history suggests subtle practice. Let me speak to that.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.58779

VADER

0.511

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0047776775

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0022367267

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0005740947

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0004392207

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0002190723

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

6.88675E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

5.94532E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.52631E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

1.27378E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.47E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

4.52E-8

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

6.7

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

65.4

Gunning-Fog Score

9.3

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

9.9

Automated Readability Index

6.2

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.1

Sprache Readability Score

2.9

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

11

Sprache Difficult Word Count

12

Joe Biden

As we already have seen, the framers did not intend that the President could be impeached for maladministration alone. Second, a great deal of evidence from outside the convention shows that both the framers and the ratifiers saw "high crimes and misdemeanors" as pointing to offenses that are serious, not petty, offenses that are public or political, not private or personal.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.5

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.5

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.8473

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.61904

VADER

0.244

Slightly Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.1179607701

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0220458751

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0127514417

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.003952437

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0033637378

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0030416542

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0009606715

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

9.25364E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

6.73263E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

5.4695E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

4.05538E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

83.482

Magnitude:

32

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

35.8

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.2

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

18

Sprache Difficult Word Count

19

Joe Biden

In 1829, William Rawle authored one of the early commentaries on the Constitution of the United States. In it, Rawle states that "the legitimate causes of impeachment . . . can only have reference to public character and official duty.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.60944

VADER

0.422

Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0754969893

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0376528566

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0166926315

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0057540976

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0053316246

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0016997754

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.000984458

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0002277983

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0001717357

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001681783

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

8.54012E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

97.081

Magnitude:

30

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9.9

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

45.7

Gunning-Fog Score

11.4

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

8.2

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.2

Sprache Readability Score

3.4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

13

Sprache Difficult Word Count

15

Joe Biden

He went on to say:

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.0597080099

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0372901908

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0219908077

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0029885905

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0008669538

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0005116475

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0002136547

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0001840754

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001493061

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.61759E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

2.2472E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

0

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

100

Gunning-Fog Score

2

Coleman-Liau Index

0

SMOG Index

3.3

Automated Readability Index

0

Dale-Chall Readability Score

0.2

Sprache Readability Score

1.3

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

0

Sprache Difficult Word Count

0

Joe Biden

In addition, more than 150 years ago, Joseph Story, as my learned colleague who is presiding knows was a lawyer, Joseph Story and his influential commentaries on the Constitution stated that impeachment is "ordinarily" a remedy for offenses "of a political character," "growing out of personal misconduct, or gross neglect, or usurpation, or habitual disregard of the public interests, in the discharge of the duties of political office." The public character of the impeachment offense is further reinforced by the limited nature of the remedy for the offense. In the English tradition, which we rejected, impeachments were punishable by fines, imprisonment or even death.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.77778

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.77778

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.7346

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.04348

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.04348

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.08338

VADER

-0.959

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1235419651

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0906266097

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0446882186

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0134285874

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0114193681

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0088354216

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0043131731

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0009865971

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0004627407

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.000340973

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0001841273

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

95.047

Magnitude:

129

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

13.8

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7.8

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

40

Sprache Difficult Word Count

39

Joe Biden

In contrast, the American Constitution completely separates the issue of criminal sanctions from the issue of removal from office.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

-0.527

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1014700974

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0883478438

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0036670022

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0030254536

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0029982592

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0005907737

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

9.50381E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

8.8763E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

2.77785E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.2059E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

9.43E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

43.177

Magnitude:

78

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

37.946

Magnitude:

78

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

13.9

Gunning-Fog Score

18.1

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8.4

Sprache Readability Score

3.8

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

9

Sprache Difficult Word Count

10

Joe Biden

Our Constitution states that, "Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust, or Profit under the United States. * * * " Article I, section 3, clause 7.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0.5

Positive

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0.5

Positive

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0.8473

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

2.19722

VADER

0.935

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0680368219

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0140376869

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0128575572

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0033685661

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0018715855

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0003830091

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

3.95235E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.05919E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

7.9812E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

4.9608E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

3.4003E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

51.477

Magnitude:

65

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

11

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

55.7

Gunning-Fog Score

10.6

Coleman-Liau Index

11

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

11

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5

Sprache Readability Score

4.7

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

11

Sprache Difficult Word Count

17

Joe Biden

The remedy for violations of the public's trust in the performance of one's official duties, in other words, is limited to removal from that office and disqualification from holding further office; remedies that, I might add, correspond nicely to the public nature of the offenses in the first instance.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.94591

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.25

Slightly Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.25

Slightly Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.45199

VADER

-0.153

Leans Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0840809545

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0221747658

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0110792316

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.007320966

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0046917386

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0007109207

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0004848365

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

8.73097E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

4.04078E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.49247E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.15173E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

91.941

Magnitude:

76

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

13.8

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7.6

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

16

Sprache Difficult Word Count

20

Joe Biden

Additional support comes from another commentator, James Wilson, a delegate to the Convention from Pennsylvania. In his lectures on the Constitution, Wilson wrote:

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.60944

VADER

0.402

Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0185622324

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0086143962

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0058450853

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0044802549

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0019772859

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0003458712

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

7.72941E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

4.10183E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.6486E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.3712E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.2117E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

62.487

Magnitude:

105

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

26

Gunning-Fog Score

9.8

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8.1

Sprache Readability Score

3

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

11

Sprache Difficult Word Count

11

Joe Biden

All in all, the evidence is quite strong that impeachment was understood as a remedy for abuse of official power, breaches of public trust, or other derelictions of the duties of office.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.19722

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

0.395

Somewhat Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0641511753

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0255874882

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.008885788

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0028467159

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0005521848

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0004774356

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0003858052

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

4.37499E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

2.61719E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.1094E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

3.335E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

91.834

Magnitude:

65

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

36.9

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.5

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

8

Sprache Difficult Word Count

13

Joe Biden

The third point to make about the scope of the impeachment power is this: To be impeachable, an offense does not have to be a breach of the criminal law.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.60944

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.6

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.6

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-1.09861

VADER

-0.66

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.197656313

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0245859381

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0075936761

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0034878267

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0021551787

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0020414243

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001360133

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

7.20465E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.95655E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.06388E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

9.1948E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

73.011

Magnitude:

47

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

60.8

Gunning-Fog Score

17.3

Coleman-Liau Index

7.9

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.6

Sprache Readability Score

4.9

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

6

Sprache Difficult Word Count

8

Joe Biden

The renowned constitutional scholar and personal friend and adviser, the late Phillip Kurland, the leading constitutional scholar of this century, I argue, wrote that:

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.51083

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.8473

VADER

0.494

Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0101617719

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0057791025

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0010568061

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0008272124

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0002745083

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

5.99895E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.9714E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

3.6528E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

2.2534E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

9.16E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.001E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

55.954

Magnitude:

24

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

23.9

Gunning-Fog Score

17.9

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

9.1

Sprache Readability Score

4.5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

12

Sprache Difficult Word Count

11

Joe Biden

If you put the notion that an impeachable offense must be a serious breach of an official trust or duty, together with the point that it does not have to be a criminal violation, you reach the conclusion that not all crimes are impeachable, and not every impeachable offense need be a crime.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.71429

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.71429

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.46634

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.99853

VADER

-0.828

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.2137460513

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0815826468

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0281811779

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0107049651

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0041999163

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0006292807

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001030086

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

6.98239E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

1.30666E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

5.6634E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

3.7421E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

95.925

Magnitude:

27

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

20.6

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

10.3

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.8

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

14

Sprache Difficult Word Count

12

Joe Biden

These points provide important anchors for any impeachment inquiry, but they do not resolve all the questions of scope that may arise. Much remains to be worked out, and only to be worked out, in the context of particular circumstances and allegations. As Hamilton explained in Federalist 65 impeachment "can never be tied down by * * * strict rules, either in the delineation of the offense by the prosecutors or in the construction of it by the judges. * * *" After all the legal research, we are still left with the realization that the power to convict for impeachment constitutes an "awful discretion." This brings us directly to the Senate's role. To state it bluntly, I believe the role of the U.S. Senate is to resolve all the remaining questions. Let me elaborate.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.25

Slightly Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.25

Slightly Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.45199

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.11111

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.11111

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.21131

VADER

-0.393

Somewhat Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1040766598

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0662620354

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0066089633

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.001958278

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.001385241

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0007368193

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0005427646

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0001591445

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

4.7646E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

1.42559E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

8.1187E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

89.615

Magnitude:

45

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

8.1

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

64

Gunning-Fog Score

11.9

Coleman-Liau Index

10.6

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

7.3

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.3

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

39

Sprache Difficult Word Count

40

Joe Biden

The Senate's role as final interpreter of impeachments was recognized from the beginning of the Republic. For example, to refer again to Joseph Story, after he devoted almost 50 sections of his commentaries to various disputed questions about the impeachment power, he concluded that the final decision on the unresolved issues relating to impeachment "may be reasonably left to the high tribunal, constituting the court of impeachment." I.e., the U.S. Senate, the floor upon which I stand.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.94591

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

0.077

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.1701163594

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0147045663

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0071825663

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0043264423

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0013982893

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0009427206

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0002867312

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

1.7222E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.35351E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.17491E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.0485E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

94.409

Magnitude:

56

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9.7

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

45.5

Gunning-Fog Score

15.1

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

7.8

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.2

Sprache Readability Score

4.2

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

28

Sprache Difficult Word Count

27

Joe Biden

The court of impeachment, the Senate, similarly was viewed in the Federalist Papers and referred to Senators as the judges of impeachment. Speaking of the Senate as the jury in impeachment trials is perhaps a more common analogy these days as you turn on your television and hear many of us speak. But the judge analogy is a more accurate analogy than the juror analogy.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.51083

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Sexual

0.1170212869

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0568287098

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.030382612

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0170665808

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0089658213

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0063602442

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0015706435

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0013229925

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.51387E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

9.4174E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

4.9034E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

93.881

Magnitude:

99

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

43

Gunning-Fog Score

14.8

Coleman-Liau Index

11.5

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

11.2

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.4

Sprache Readability Score

4.7

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

22

Sprache Difficult Word Count

17

Joe Biden

In impeachment trials, the Senate certainly does sit as a finder of fact, as a jury does. But it also sits as a definer of the acceptable standards upon which the President is being judged, as a judge would do. The Senate, in other words, determines not only whether the accused has performed the acts that form the basis for the House of Representatives' articles of impeachment but also whether those actions justify removal from office.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.60944

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.8473

VADER

0.19

Leans Positive

Moderation

Hate

0.1281218836

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.1244230545

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.1111940946

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0422224199

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0112321562

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0010887959

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0009878228

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0002941777

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.05659E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

1.18476E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.4843E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

75.335

Magnitude:

45

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

46.4

Gunning-Fog Score

15.9

Coleman-Liau Index

11.7

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

23

Sprache Difficult Word Count

25

Joe Biden

So let's lay to rest this idea that if the President -- any President -- is impeached by the House of Representatives, and specific articles are alleged of violations, and we find the President violated the very charge that the House has made -- that does not mean we must vote for impeachment, for we can reject the grounds upon which the House impeached in the first instance as being not sufficiently sound to meet "high crimes and misdemeanors." There is no question about that, and yet it seems to be a question in the minds of the press. There is no question about that.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-3.04452

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.375

Somewhat Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.375

Somewhat Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.7376

VADER

-0.917

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0736674876

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0313067983

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0309535913

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0099799559

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0017489627

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0011922884

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0006399784

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0003095387

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0002549477

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0001326089

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

5.0689E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

53.7

Gunning-Fog Score

16.7

Coleman-Liau Index

10.5

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.5

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

18

Sprache Difficult Word Count

19

Joe Biden

Once again, we find support for this view from our country's history. In two of the first three impeachments brought forward from the House to the U.S. Senate, the Senate acquitted the accused. In each of the two acquittals, however, the Senate did not disagree with the House on the facts.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.19722

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.58779

VADER

0.453

Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0992185785

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0646944623

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0200174298

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.015982808

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.003288898

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0011684375

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

6.14704E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

3.18244E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.08532E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.974E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

5.77E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

52.253

Magnitude:

67

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

29.158

Magnitude:

67

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

5

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

77.5

Gunning-Fog Score

9.5

Coleman-Liau Index

10.2

SMOG Index

10

Automated Readability Index

4.6

Dale-Chall Readability Score

3.6

Sprache Readability Score

2.9

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

10

Sprache Difficult Word Count

12

Joe Biden

One case involved a Senator, William Blount, the other an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Samuel Chase. In neither one was there any question that the individual had done the deeds that formed the basis of the House's articles of impeachment. Yet in each case the Senate concluded that the deeds were not sufficient to constitute valid grounds for impeachment, and so they acquitted.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.60944

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.95551

VADER

0.791

Very Positive

Moderation

Harassment

0.1922961324

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.1368330792

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0770558952

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0368425768

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0086870881

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0015222698

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0010801839

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0002932454

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

2.72156E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.348E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.10854E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

38.03

Magnitude:

80

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

11.4

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

52.1

Gunning-Fog Score

13.6

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.2

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

21

Sprache Difficult Word Count

24

Joe Biden

Eventually then, if the current impeachment proceeds, it will fall to the Senate to decide not only the facts but the law and to evaluate whether or not the specific actions of the President are sufficiently serious to warrant being thrown out of office -- being convicted.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.60944

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.94591

VADER

-0.115

Leans Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.2365706488

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0266704097

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0239330839

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0125330233

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0021682339

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0019016674

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0007085727

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0001378373

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

4.51511E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

3.222E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.84E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

56.753

Magnitude:

53

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

18.5

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7.1

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

14

Sprache Difficult Word Count

18

Joe Biden

The framers intended that the Senate have as its objective doing what was best for the country, taking context and circumstances fully into account.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.60944

VADER

0.637

Very Positive

Moderation

Harassment

2.037168853

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0665225089

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0400915596

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0028642879

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0028104863

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.000648506

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001254809

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.85221E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

1.53167E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.893E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.169E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Foreign Trade

Score:

82.134

Magnitude:

64

Code:

18

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#18

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

45

Gunning-Fog Score

14.6

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.8

Sprache Readability Score

4.4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

7

Sprache Difficult Word Count

10

Joe Biden

I should try to be as clear as I can about this point because the media discussions have come close to missing it. It seems to be widely assumed that if the President committed perjury, for example, then he must be impeached, and he must be convicted if the Senate concludes he perjured himself. Conversely, you may think that unless it can be proven that the President committed perjury, or violated some other criminal statute, that impeachment cannot occur. Both sentiments and statements are wrong.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.56495

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.09091

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.09091

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.16705

VADER

-0.902

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0430608401

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0273581041

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.004826572

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0029305415

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0015138443

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0011108614

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0002247985

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001849083

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.51402E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.09323E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

4.495E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

92.396

Magnitude:

171

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

11

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

53.9

Gunning-Fog Score

14.6

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

11.8

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.1

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

27

Sprache Difficult Word Count

26

Joe Biden

Recall what I said earlier: Not all crimes are impeachable offenses and not every impeachable offense need be a crime to throw a President out of office.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.94591

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-2.56495

VADER

-0.692

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.4623066634

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.1826762804

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.1453906414

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.019662347

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0195752888

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0095878975

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0033642449

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0020944532

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0012239335

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.22385E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.04579E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

41.6

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

11.5

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.6

Sprache Readability Score

4.5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

9

Sprache Difficult Word Count

7

Joe Biden

The Senate, for example, could decline to convict, even if the President had committed perjury, if it concluded that under the circumstances this perjury did not constitute a sufficiently serious breach of duty toward removal of the President. There is no question about that either.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.70805

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.14286

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.14286

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.25131

VADER

-0.443

Negative

Moderation

Harassment

0.1165614347

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0486022996

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0335589022

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0136679562

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0071271381

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0024490872

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0008653439

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0002705482

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

7.90152E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.7772E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

8.6406E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

57.4

Magnitude:

62

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

35.5

Gunning-Fog Score

17.9

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.7

Sprache Readability Score

4.7

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

16

Sprache Difficult Word Count

16

Joe Biden

On the other hand, the Senate could convict a President of an impeachable offense even if it were not a violation of the criminal law. For instance, if the Senate concluded that the President had committed abuses of power sufficiently grave, it need not find any action to amount to a violation of some criminal statute.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.56495

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.4

Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.4

Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.76214

VADER

-0.905

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1398684224

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0777994399

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0190808816

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0134190777

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0077175981

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0007625565

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0002110359

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001030528

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

2.27497E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

9.981E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

7.595E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Civil Rights

Score:

76.741

Magnitude:

36

Code:

2

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

37.9

Gunning-Fog Score

18.3

Coleman-Liau Index

11.5

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.5

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

18

Sprache Difficult Word Count

18

Joe Biden

Let me give you an example. If there was overwhelming proof that every day the President came to his office, the Oval Office, drunk, that is not a crime, but it is impeachable -- it is impeachable -- committing no crime, but is impeachable. Conversely, if the Senate can conclude that the President lied about whether or not he had an affair, they could conclude that did not constitute an impeachable offense warranting expulsion. Now, again I am not prejudging what we should decide, but I think it is very important we understand what latitude and obligations we have.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.19722

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.16667

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.16667

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.31015

VADER

-0.894

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.2288706833

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.1051677507

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0570573728

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0461138145

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0210819708

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0199711416

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0098533099

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0094716888

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0006625705

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0004782034

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0001020903

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

88.352

Magnitude:

106

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

47

Gunning-Fog Score

17.1

Coleman-Liau Index

11.9

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.6

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

27

Sprache Difficult Word Count

24

Joe Biden

Let me now stand back from the issue of substance and procedure and look at the impeachment mechanism as it has actually functioned in our country's history. The proof of the framers' design, after all, will be in how the mechanism has worked in practice.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.8473

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence > Graphic

0.0492042105

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.025829341

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence

0.0188044869

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0045863828

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0009404505

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0002437571

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0001971944

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001017993

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

7.13272E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.52496E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

3.08618E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

66.208

Magnitude:

31

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

11.3

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

54.3

Gunning-Fog Score

14.3

Coleman-Liau Index

11

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

11.3

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6

Sprache Readability Score

4.4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

14

Sprache Difficult Word Count

13

Joe Biden

I am almost finished, Mr. President.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.2372730291

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0102105041

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0084189298

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0034201559

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0025982517

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0019432

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0015359819

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0004833412

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

2.99319E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

6.2224E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.0622E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

96.031

Magnitude:

57

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

5.2

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

62.8

Gunning-Fog Score

7.9

Coleman-Liau Index

11.6

SMOG Index

7.3

Automated Readability Index

2.1

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8

Sprache Readability Score

1.3

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

3

Sprache Difficult Word Count

3

Joe Biden

As we have seen, the framers worried that impeaching a sitting President would most likely be highly charged with partisan politics and preexisting factions, enlisting, as they said, all of the "animosities, partialities, and influence and interest" that inevitably swirl around a sitting President. History shows, Mr. President, they had it right from the get-go. They had it right. And they were right to worry about it.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.94591

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

-0.488

Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0169823965

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0084833606

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0050011302

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0045563247

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0019969239

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.001852945

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0008821738

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0002273714

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.28889E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.10883E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

1.95134E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

21.664

Magnitude:

32

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

54.9

Gunning-Fog Score

12.5

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

8.9

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.3

Sprache Readability Score

4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

20

Sprache Difficult Word Count

21

Joe Biden

Prior to the case of President Nixon, Presidential impeachment had only been used for partisan purposes. History tells us that John Tyler was an enormously unpopular President, facing a hostile Congress dominated by his arch political enemy, Henry Clay -- one of the several people younger than me when he got here. He was an amazing guy. Here he was, a leader in the House of Representatives before he was 25, and he became a U.S. Senator before he was 30.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.60944

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.14286

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.14286

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.25131

VADER

-0.318

Somewhat Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0249060075

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0042496769

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0029142439

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0019318975

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0003130122

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0001916258

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

5.11866E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.79986E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

1.01481E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.34E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

6.35E-8

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

43.555

Magnitude:

62

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

38.551

Magnitude:

62

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

8.6

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

57.4

Gunning-Fog Score

11.3

Coleman-Liau Index

10.4

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

6.3

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.2

Sprache Readability Score

4.5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

23

Sprache Difficult Word Count

27

Joe Biden

During the impeachment effort of John Tyler, what he was facing, Tyler, was a hostile Congress dominated by the young Henry Clay. After several years of continual clashes, numerous Presidential vetoes, and divisive conflicts with the Senate over appointments, a select committee of the House issued a report recommending a formal impeachment inquiry.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.19722

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.11111

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.11111

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.20067

VADER

-0.637

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0182494114

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0167494072

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0115831943

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.00115855

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0008323839

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0002684697

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0002269554

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

6.80681E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

6.59162E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.11993E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.6033E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

96.652

Magnitude:

51

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

21.9

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8.5

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

24

Sprache Difficult Word Count

26

Joe Biden

President Tyler, not being as dumb as everyone thought, reached out to his political enemies. How did he do that? He signed an important bill raising tariffs, which had been one of the reasons that there was such animosity between him and Henry Clay and his friends. He raised tariffs which he had formerly opposed. And he found other means of cooperation with Congress.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.63599

VADER

-0.033

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.1024862751

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0064802836

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0060794086

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0048765058

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.003216806

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0024556261

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001014267

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

4.76216E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

3.41907E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.17843E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

9.3655E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

70.273

Magnitude:

66

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

7.1

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

66.9

Gunning-Fog Score

10.1

Coleman-Liau Index

11.7

SMOG Index

10.5

Automated Readability Index

7

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.3

Sprache Readability Score

3.8

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

15

Sprache Difficult Word Count

20

Joe Biden

In the end, even Henry Clay, speaking from the floor of the U.S. Senate, urged the slowdown on the impeachment proceedings that he had moved to initiate, suggesting instead a lesser action of a "want of confidence." "Want of confidence" -- does it sound familiar? Does it sound at all like the idea of having the President sanctioned in some way other than impeachment? Does it sound like censuring the President? "Want of confidence." So Clay suggested that a "want of confidence" vote, rather than a formal impeachment proceeding, might be better. So in early 1843, the resolution to proceed with an impeachment -- whether to proceed with the impeachment inquiry, was defeated on the House floor, 127-83. They had already begun the process of inquiry, and along came Tyler, and he said, "I'll make peace with you." In 1868, Andrew Johnson came much closer to conviction on charges of serious misconduct. No southerner will be unaware of -- I ask unanimous consent that I be able to proceed for another 10 minutes.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.28571

Slightly Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.28571

Slightly Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.54654

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.54545

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.54545

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.15745

VADER

0.963

Very Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0461431453

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0073033523

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0041621977

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0036383033

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0024476631

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0011832798

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

9.46387E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

5.75581E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.79181E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

7.2119E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

6.2838E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

93.182

Magnitude:

76

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

7.9

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

63.9

Gunning-Fog Score

12.5

Coleman-Liau Index

11.1

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

7.2

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.2

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

49

Sprache Difficult Word Count

44

The Presiding Officer

The PRESIDING OFFICER.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.60944

VADER

0

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.0233885032

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0034889508

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0031867061

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0022113118

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0019176077

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0014834732

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.001351695

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0010462567

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0004620911

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0002036669

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

9.39584E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

68.375

Magnitude:

37

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

8.5

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

42.5

Gunning-Fog Score

6.2

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

10.3

Automated Readability Index

5.9

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.5

Sprache Readability Score

1.5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

3

Sprache Difficult Word Count

4

Joe Biden

As every southern Senator knows, Andrew Johnson came much closer to conviction on the charges of serious misconduct. Although Johnson's impeachment proceedings ostensibly focused on his disregarding the Tenure in Office Act, historians -- and not a single southerner does not understand -- but historians uniformly agree that the true sources of opposition to President Johnson were policy disagreements and personal animosity.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.56495

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.11111

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.11111

Leans Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.20067

VADER

-0.238

Slightly Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.2381419297

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0464113953

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0400655408

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0105097322

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0024721987

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0014506258

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001874739

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0001169129

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

4.43957E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.7108E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.44815E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

68.651

Magnitude:

64

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

3

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8.6

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

27

Sprache Difficult Word Count

31

Joe Biden

The conflict this time was between Johnson's moderate post-Civil War policies toward the Southern States and the overwhelming Republican majorities in both Chambers. The Republicans feared dilution of their voting strength if the southerners were seated.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.2

Slightly Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.2

Slightly Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.33647

VADER

-0.735

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.2295115963

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0397346972

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.017508406

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0057665613

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0039655111

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.003263426

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0016753826

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0004186863

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0003408518

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001442667

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.000142113

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

93.087

Magnitude:

95

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

37.1

Gunning-Fog Score

13.9

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7.7

Sprache Readability Score

4.4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

16

Sprache Difficult Word Count

18

Joe Biden

Johnson's defenders in the Senate were eventually able to hold on to barely enough votes to prevent his conviction. In Professor Raoul Berger's view, "Johnson's trial serves as a frightening reminder that in the hands of a passion-driven Congress, the process may bring down the very pillars of our constitutional system." Yet, if the cases of Tyler and Johnson substantiate the framers' fears, the Nixon situation vindicates the utility of the impeachment procedures. Notice how different the Nixon proceedings were from Tyler's and Johnson's. As the Nixon impeachment process unfolded, there was broad bipartisan consensus each step of the way. I was there at the time.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.94591

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.61904

VADER

-0.459

Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.2639042214

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0311285839

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0155967937

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0092056369

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0074816184

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0046910362

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0023956316

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

0.0010457281

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0006537706

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

0.0005363328

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001449061

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

85.654

Magnitude:

53

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

11.3

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

45.6

Gunning-Fog Score

14.2

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

11.5

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.8

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

40

Sprache Difficult Word Count

40

Joe Biden

While it would have been foolish to believe that Members of Congress did not worry about the partisan political repercussions of their actions, such factional considerations did not dominate decision making.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.2

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.2

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.33647

VADER

-0.102

Leans Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0626775203

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0171842505

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0095342606

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0041895837

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0017659102

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0008993148

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0006678059

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0002409485

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

3.17243E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

1.74748E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.19284E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

78.602

Magnitude:

49

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

11.6

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.1

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

9

Sprache Difficult Word Count

12

Joe Biden

Political friends and foes of the President agreed that the charges against the President were serious, that they warranted further inquiry and, once there was definitive evidence of serious complicity and wrongdoing, a consensus emerged that impeachment should be invoked. The President resigned after the House Judiciary Committee voted out articles of impeachment by a 28-10 vote.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.56495

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0

VADER

-0.361

Somewhat Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0138250136

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0081011975

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0036198362

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0021506861

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.001204655

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0004456964

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

2.90492E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.23654E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

5.236E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

4.2945E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

2.0614E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

International Affairs

Score:

58.455

Magnitude:

37

Code:

19

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#19

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

27.2

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

24

Sprache Difficult Word Count

23

Joe Biden

For me, several lessons stand out from our constitutional understanding of the impeachment process and our historical experience with it. Furthermore, I believe that a consensus has developed on several important points.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.66667

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.66667

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.29928

VADER

0.202

Slightly Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.170046743

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0068875357

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0058264864

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0033717282

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0021236205

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0003052194

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0002460454

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0002178874

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

4.2078E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

2.93686E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

3.3914E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

93.682

Magnitude:

82

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

29.3

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.2

Sprache Readability Score

3.4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

9

Sprache Difficult Word Count

10

Joe Biden

While the founders included impeachment powers in the Constitution, they were concerned by the potential partisan abuse. We should be no less aware of the dangers of partisanship. As we have seen, the process functions best when there is a broad bipartisan consensus behind moving ahead. The country is never well served when either policy disagreements or personal animosities drive the process.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.19722

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.6

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.6

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-1.22378

VADER

-0.819

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.1443331013

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0245387724

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0161519463

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0074686162

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0026798016

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0015386151

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0008721458

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

7.05308E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.64881E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

1.38946E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

8.4146E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

61.794

Magnitude:

143

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

10.8

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

45.1

Gunning-Fog Score

13.9

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

11.3

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.1

Sprache Readability Score

4.5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

21

Sprache Difficult Word Count

24

Joe Biden

Many scholars who have studied the Constitution have concluded that it should be reserved for offenses that are abuses of the public trust or abuses that relate to the public nature of the President's duties. Remember, what is impeachable is not necessarily criminal and what is criminal is not necessarily impeachable.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.19722

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.2

Slightly Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.2

Slightly Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.36772

VADER

-0.844

Very Negative

Moderation

Violence

0.0095077958

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0004669401

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0004440012

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0004312314

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0003485081

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0001504671

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001271474

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

5.2474E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.5444E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

2.1109E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

1.939E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Government Operations

Score:

68.212

Magnitude:

69

Code:

20

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#20

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

30

Gunning-Fog Score

18.8

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.5

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

17

Sprache Difficult Word Count

16

Joe Biden

The Senate in particular has wide latitude in determining the outcome of this constitutional process. Just because the House may initiate an impeachment process does not mean that the Senate will conclude that the process with a vote on articles of impeachment was a correct process. It is well within our constitutional responsibilities to consider alternatives to impeachment if we find that circumstances warrant these alternatives.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

2.19722

VADER

0.273

Slightly Positive

Moderation

Violence

0.0154988724

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0028215962

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0013011843

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0008339086

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0005528203

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0003275309

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0001156959

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

3.5448E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

2.0008E-6

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

3.384E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

6.17E-8

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Topics

Topic:

Law and Crime

Score:

73.659

Magnitude:

79

Code:

12

Url:

https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12

Source:

Comparative Agendas

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

30.7

Gunning-Fog Score

17.9

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7.1

Sprache Readability Score

4.9

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

25

Sprache Difficult Word Count

19

Joe Biden

I don't know that they will and I don't know that we will get there, but again, the debate is being waged as to whether or not it is in our constitutional power to consider alternatives. Remember Senator Henry Clay's "want of confidence." There is no one-size-fits-all definition of impeachable offenses, divorced from such practical considerations. The Senate in particular, has an obligation to consider the full range of consequences of removing the President from Office.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.02165

VADER

-0.039

Neutral

Moderation

Violence

0.0376196142

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment

0.0104085717

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual

0.0095320705

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Harassment > Threatening

0.0076365061

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Violence > Graphic

0.0027336035

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Sexual > Minors

0.0014868852

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate

0.0007800928

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm

0.0001806128

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Hate > Threatening

0.0001293448

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Intent

2.44434E-5

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Self-Harm > Instructions

4.75E-7

OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

11.8

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

45.4

Gunning-Fog Score

15.5

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

11.3

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.8

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

24

Sprache Difficult Word Count

27

Joe Biden

In recent days, some have suggested that because the Starr Report provides a prima facie case and prima facie evidence of what are arguably impeachable offenses, the House and the Senate have a constitutional responsibility to see the impeachment process through to its conclusion.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

1

Very Positive

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

1

Very Positive

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.5

Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.8473

VADER

-0.542

Very Negative

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

12.2

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8.6

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

18

Sprache Difficult Word Count

17

Joe Biden

In my view, the constitutional history that I have sketched here and more shows this position is entirely mistaken. Indeed, if anything, history shows a thoroughly understandable reluctance to have the procedure invoked in the first place.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-0.51083

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.33333

Somewhat Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.58779

VADER

-0.664

Very Negative

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

37.1

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.2

Sprache Readability Score

4

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

10

Sprache Difficult Word Count

13

Joe Biden

Stopping short of impeachment would not be reaching a solution "outside the Constitution." It would be entirely compatible and consistent with what the Founders contemplated, if that is what we decide. Again, I am not prejudging what we should decide.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.2

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.2

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.33647

VADER

-0.299

Slightly Negative

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9.1

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

53.7

Gunning-Fog Score

12.3

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

9.4

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.6

Sprache Readability Score

3.2

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

10

Sprache Difficult Word Count

11

Joe Biden

The 28th Congress hardly violated its constitutional duty when the House decided that, all things considered, terminating impeachment proceedings after cooperation between the Congress and the President improved was a better course of action than proceeding with impeachment based on his past actions, even though it apparently did so for reasons no more laudable than those that initiated the process in the first place.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.66667

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.66667

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.29928

VADER

0.095

Neutral

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

0

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

8.6

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

22

Sprache Difficult Word Count

21

Joe Biden

Impeachment was and remains an inherently political process, with all the pitfalls and promises that are thus put into play by politics. Nothing in the document precludes the Congress from seeking means to resolve this or any other putative breach of duty short of removing him from office. In fact, the risky and potentially divisive nature of the impeachment process may counsel in favor of utilizing it only as an absolute last resort where there is no shadow of a doubt that it meets, the criteria of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdeameanors.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.71429

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.71429

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.46634

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.125

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.125

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.23639

VADER

0.226

Slightly Positive

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

35.8

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.7

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

31

Sprache Difficult Word Count

33

Joe Biden

Of course, impeachment ought to be used if the breach of duty is serious enough -- what the Congress was prepared to do in the case of Richard Nixon was the correct course of action. However, nothing in the constitution precludes the Congress from resolving this conflict in a manner short of impeachment.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-0.66667

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-0.66667

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.29928

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.58779

VADER

0.494

Positive

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

51.9

Gunning-Fog Score

15

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.8

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

15

Sprache Difficult Word Count

18

Joe Biden

The critical question -- the question with which the country is currently struggling -- is whether the President's breaches of conduct and shameful activity, which are now well known and which have been universally condemned, warrant the ultimate political sanction. Are they serious enough to warrant removal from office?

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.56495

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.55556

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.55556

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-1.09861

VADER

-0.856

Very Negative

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

37.2

Gunning-Fog Score

16.2

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

7.2

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

18

Sprache Difficult Word Count

20

Joe Biden

In answering that, we need to ask ourselves, What is in the best interests of the United States of America? That is something that the founders contemplated us asking ourselves if and when faced with this question.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.09861

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-0.5

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-0.8473

VADER

0.84

Very Positive

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

9.5

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

60

Gunning-Fog Score

11.7

Coleman-Liau Index

11.9

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

10

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.8

Sprache Readability Score

3.8

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

9

Sprache Difficult Word Count

11

Joe Biden

While I have not decided ultimately what should happen, I do want to suggest that it certainly is constitutionally permissible to consider a middle ground as a resolution of this matter. Such an approach might bring together those of the President's detractors who believe there is a need for some sanction, but are willing to stop short of impeachment, as well as those of the President's supporters who reject impeachment, but are willing to consider that some sanction ought to be implemented.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-1.60944

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.55556

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.55556

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.09861

VADER

0.25

Slightly Positive

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

31.1

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

5.7

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

19

Sprache Difficult Word Count

18

Joe Biden

As a country, Mr. President, we have not often faced decisions as stark and potentially momentous as the impeachment of a President of the United States. On the other hand, we would be wise not to overstate such claims. Surely we have faced some moments as stark and serious as this one. We have survived those moments and we will survive this one no matter how we handle it. As my dad always says, and he is going on 85 years of age, I remember over the last 26 years going home and saying, "Dad, this is a catastrophe," and he would look at me and say, "Joe, this country is so good, it is so strong, it is so solid, that it can stand 4 or 8 years of anybody or anything." And he is right. He is right. So I don't want to exaggerate this.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.3979

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.69231

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.69231

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.52606

VADER

0.934

Very Positive

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

5.9

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

82.1

Gunning-Fog Score

9.5

Coleman-Liau Index

6.7

SMOG Index

9.9

Automated Readability Index

4.7

Dale-Chall Readability Score

3.2

Sprache Readability Score

4.8

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

22

Sprache Difficult Word Count

26

Joe Biden

Whatever the outcome of the present situation, I'm confident that our form of government and the strength of our country present us not with a constitutional crisis but rather with a constitutional framework and flexibility to deal responsibly with the decisions we face in the coming months. My purpose in rising today is to remind all of us of what that constitutional framework and flexibility mean, what they are.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0.33333

Somewhat Positive

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0.51083

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.71429

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.71429

Very Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

1.46634

VADER

0.871

Very Positive

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

12

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

27.1

Gunning-Fog Score

19

Coleman-Liau Index

12

SMOG Index

12

Automated Readability Index

12

Dale-Chall Readability Score

6.1

Sprache Readability Score

5

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

19

Sprache Difficult Word Count

20

Joe Biden

In my closing plea I begin where I started, as a young Senator in April of 1974. This is a time for us to be cautious. This is a time for Members of this body to hold our fire. This is the time to be prepared to exercise our responsibility to be judge and jury after, and only after, all of the facts are presented to us. This is not a constitutional crisis but it is a serious, serious business.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

-2.3979

Harvard-IV (Relative)

0.2

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

0.2

Leans Positive

Harvard-IV (Logit)

0.33647

VADER

-0.225

Slightly Negative

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

7.3

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

71.1

Gunning-Fog Score

9.9

Coleman-Liau Index

6.6

SMOG Index

10.5

Automated Readability Index

4.5

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.3

Sprache Readability Score

4.1

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

18

Sprache Difficult Word Count

18

Joe Biden

I yield the floor.

Sentiment

Loughran McDonald (Relative)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Absolute)

0

Neutral

Loughran McDonald (Logit)

0

Harvard-IV (Relative)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Absolute)

-1

Very Negative

Harvard-IV (Logit)

-1.09861

VADER

0

Neutral

Readability

Flesch-Kincaid Grade

0

Flesch-Kincaid Ease

100

Gunning-Fog Score

1.6

Coleman-Liau Index

4.7

SMOG Index

3.3

Automated Readability Index

0

Dale-Chall Readability Score

4.1

Sprache Readability Score

1.2

Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score

1

Sprache Difficult Word Count

1

Senate Floor: THE IMPEACHMENT PROCESS

Joe Biden

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The Presiding Officer

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