Fact
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Senate Floor: STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS
Topics
Entities
Moderation
5 Speakers
Topics
No topics found
Entities
No entities found
Moderation
No moderation found
Speakers
Daniel K. Akaka Daniel K. Akaka said 211 sentences of a total of 361 sentences.
59%
Daniel K. Akaka said 4129 words of a total of 7191 words.
58%
Bob Kerrey Bob Kerrey said 58 sentences of a total of 361 sentences.
17%
Bob Kerrey said 1118 words of a total of 7191 words.
16%
Joe Biden Joe Biden said 30 sentences of a total of 361 sentences.
9%
Joe Biden said 573 words of a total of 7191 words.
8%
Frank Murkowski Frank Murkowski said 21 sentences of a total of 361 sentences.
6%
Frank Murkowski said 411 words of a total of 7191 words.
6%
Robert Torricelli Robert Torricelli said 21 sentences of a total of 361 sentences.
6%
Robert Torricelli said 407 words of a total of 7191 words.
6%
Full Transcript
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, as the ranking member of the Federal Services Subcommittee, I am pleased to introduce legislation to amend the Whistleblower Protection Act, WPA, one of the cornerstone of our nation's good government laws. Enacted in 1989, the WPA is intended to protect federal employees from workplace retaliation when disclosing waste, fraud, or abuse. The law was passed unanimously in 1989, and strengthened through amendments in 1994, again with unanimous support of both houses of Congress. I am joined today by Senator Levin, who was a primary sponsor of the landmark 1989 Act and the 1994 amendments.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.78846
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.34
Somewhat Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.5298902746
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1223066589
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0125427672
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0056211651
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0045022392
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0016127333
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0015868345
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0015610538
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.60219E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.97641E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.12714E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
96.668
Magnitude:
92
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.6
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
38
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39
Daniel K. Akaka
A key goal of the Whistleblower Protection Act was to close the loopholes that had developed under prior law. Back in 1978, Congress passed the Civil Service Reform Act, which included statutory whistleblower rights that elevated certain disclosures to absolute protection due to their public policy significance. The 1978 Act protected "a" disclosure evidencing a reasonable belief of specified misconduct, with certain listed statutory exceptions -- classified or other information whose release was specifically barred by other statutes. Despite statutory language, the Federal Court of Appeals, the Merit Systems Protection Board, and the Office of Special Counsel -- all created in 1978 to investigate and adjudicate the WPA -- appeared to interpret the law as discretionary rather than absolute.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.73333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.73333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.6864
VADER
0.929
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.3499498591
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.1613622066
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0737838389
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.038848049
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0029168103
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0025891841
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0025054766
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000387262
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001437968
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
8.9557E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.58043E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.652
Magnitude:
116
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
17.7
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
51
Sprache Difficult Word Count
52
Daniel K. Akaka
This removed the law's foundation. Congress, in 1978, had intended to create absolute categories of protection to end the inherent chilling effect in constitutional balancing tests that required employees to guess whether they were covered by the First Amendment. Congress sought to eliminate the confusion by resolving the balance in favor of free speech rights for serious misconduct listed in the statute. Unfortunately, the Federal Circuit and administrative agencies did not respect this mandate and created loopholes based on factors irrelevant to the public, such as whether an employee had selfless motives or was the first to expose particular misconduct.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.95551
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.46667
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.46667
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.93827
VADER
0.669
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.0680970901
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0416538562
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.005400485
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0027307999
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.002349967
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0009645933
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0007556948
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001633713
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001599848
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.98432E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.33348E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
47.637
Magnitude:
99
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
44.387
Magnitude:
99
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
30
Gunning-Fog Score
18.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
49
Sprache Difficult Word Count
50
Daniel K. Akaka
As a result, a cornerstone of the Whistleblower Protection Act was to close these loopholes that arose under prior law by amending protection of "a" disclosure to "any" disclosure which meets the law's standards. The purpose was to clearly prohibit any new exceptions to the law's coverage. Only Congress has that authority. Again, however, in both formal and informal interpretations of the Act, loopholes continued to proliferate.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.8
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.8
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.84583
VADER
0.459
Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.1549400622
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.1272696652
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0086335247
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0079207734
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.004582994
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0030279647
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0030235469
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002766317
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001975689
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000117749
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.54796E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.347
Magnitude:
67
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
38.3
Gunning-Fog Score
15.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25
Daniel K. Akaka
Congress responded to this reluctance to abide by congressional intent through the passage of the 1994 amendments. The Governmental Affairs Committee report on the amendments rebutted prior interpretations by the Federal Circuit, the Merit Systems Protection Board, and the Office of Special Counsel that there were exceptions to "any." The Committee report concluded, "The plain language of the Whistleblower Protection Act extends to retaliation for `any disclosure,' regardless of the setting of the disclosure, the form of the disclosure, or the person to whom the disclosure is made." I am pleased to note that since the enactment of the 1994 amendments, both the Office of the Special Counsel and the Merit Systems Protection Board generally have honored congressional boundaries. However, the Federal Circuit continues to disregard clear statutory language that the Act covers disclosures made to supervisors, to possible wrongdoers (Horton v. Dept. of Navy 66 F.3d 279, 1995), or as part of their job duties. (Willis v. Dept. of Agriculture, 141 F.3d 1139, 1998).
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.58779
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.47368
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.47368
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.9694
VADER
0.957
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0860953238
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0387604494
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0169103136
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0109635119
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0067131798
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0023794022
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0020340727
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0014692417
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0008562482
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0005868833
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0005711534
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.729
Magnitude:
160
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.6
Gunning-Fog Score
12.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.2
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
59
Sprache Difficult Word Count
52
Daniel K. Akaka
In order to protect the statute's cornerstone that "any" lawful disclosure evidencing significant abuse is covered by the Whistleblower Protection Act, our bill would codify the repeated and unconditional statements of congressional intent and legislative history. It would amend sections 2302(b)(8)(A) and 2302(b)(8)(B) of title 5, U.S.C. to protect any disclosure of information. This would be without restriction to time, place, form, motive or context, made to any audience unless specifically excluded in section 2302(b)(8) by an employee or applicant, including a disclosure made in the ordinary course of an employee's duties, which the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences any violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or other misconduct specified in section 2302(b)(8). These include gross waste, gross mismanagement, abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety. Consistent with current law, if the disclosure evidences a prohibited personnel practice against the employee making the disclosure, his or her remedy will continue to be available through section 2302(b)(9), rather than section 2302(b)(8).
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.7346
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.38462
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.7777
VADER
-0.945
Very Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0299303734
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0253944221
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.005367124
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0044721528
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0022105591
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0008741784
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0004340002
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0002215165
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
6.7578E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
5.42261E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.61557E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.432
Magnitude:
172
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.7
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
66
Sprache Difficult Word Count
61
Daniel K. Akaka
The exceptions resulting from the Federal Circuit's rulings defeat the underlying good government goals of the Whistleblower Protection Act by removing protection where it counts the most: for federal employees, who acting as public servants, are carrying out their responsibilities to the public as employees of their agencies. By stripping protection from in-house disclosures, the Federal Circuit imposed loopholes that chill employees from working within their agencies to address potential waste, mismanagement, or abuse issues. If employees seek to solve problems within the chain of command, they could forfeit their rights to whistleblower protection from subsequent retaliation under the Court's rulings in Horton and Willis. To maintain protection against reprisal, federal employees must now bypass normal organizational activities responsible for implementing the law. Moreover, the loophole created by Willis removes protection when employees are performing their job duties. Because of the Court's rulings, the intent of the Act to create an environment where federal employees can safely serve the public on the job has been compromised.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.77778
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.7346
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.27273
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.53408
VADER
-0.178
Leans Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0806017953
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0579089916
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.007146479
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0058354228
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0015014679
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0004816791
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001801393
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001169301
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
5.93159E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.86315E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.3859E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.082
Magnitude:
166
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
74
Sprache Difficult Word Count
62
Daniel K. Akaka
Secondly, the legislation would institutionalize a principle currently expressed by a ban on spending on enforcement of any nondisclosure agreement that does not contain language specifically protecting an employee's rights under various open government statutes. This includes the Whistleblower Protection Act, the Military Whistleblower Protection Act, and the Lloyd Lafollette Act, which prohibits discrimination against government employees who communicate with Congress. This prohibition has been passed on an annual basis since 1988 as part of the yearly appropriations process. Our bill would make it a prohibited personnel practice to take a personnel action implementing or enforcing nondisclosure rules without specific notice of the listed statutes and their supremacy in the event of a conflict.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.26316
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.26316
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.51083
VADER
-0.361
Somewhat Negative
Moderation
Violence
0.0539916335
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0223883588
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0067781562
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0030754389
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0023983084
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0009614771
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0008781189
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001634059
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.000131294
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
8.75663E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
8.6E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
38.801
Magnitude:
113
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Civil Rights
Score:
34.586
Magnitude:
113
Code:
2
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#2
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
11.7
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
51
Sprache Difficult Word Count
48
Daniel K. Akaka
The appropriations provision, known as the "anti-gag statute," has proved effective against attempts by agencies to override the Whistleblower Protection Act through prior restraint. The law originally passed as a spending control against abuses of national security secrecy, in which as a procedural prerequisite for security clearances, employees had to waive their constitutional and statutory free speech rights. Since its passage, however, it has been useful against gag orders in broad areas of specific and generic public concerns, including gag orders imposed as a precondition for employment and resolution of disputes, as well as general agency policies barring employees from communicating directly with Congress or the public. Prior restraint not only has a severe chilling effect, but strikes at the heart of this body's ability to perform its oversight duties by negating the repeatedly reaffirmed unequivocal congressional policy that whistleblowers have the right to make protected disclosures anonymously as a way to prevent retaliation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.55556
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.29032
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.29032
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.57808
VADER
0.887
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.116277812
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0672513677
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0047344769
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0031356547
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0029713605
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0018487477
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0013934944
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.000357307
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0002121998
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001436707
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.000132354
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
91.126
Magnitude:
154
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
1
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
72
Sprache Difficult Word Count
73
Daniel K. Akaka
Disclosing classified information is prohibited by law except to specific audiences listed in section 2302 and would not be a protected disclosure under this legislation. Nor would this legislation require the Merit System Protection Board to review security clearance determinations. The Supreme Court clearly spoke on this issue in Dept. of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518 (1988), which found that denial of a security clearance is not . . . an "adverse action." The Court upheld the Board's jurisdiction over due process procedures underlying a clearance decision. Egan stands as a bright line test, and if an employee requests review of the substantive judgments underlying a security clearance, OSC examiners, administrative judges, and members of the MSPB would be justified in denying jurisdiction. However, the Board could have jurisdiction if an employee complained that he or she suffered a prohibited personnel practice, because he or she was forced to sign an illegal nondisclosure agreement or its terms were enforced, regardless of context.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.8
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.8
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.84583
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.13043
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.13043
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.25131
VADER
0.872
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0609199516
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0241296308
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0014550317
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.001114622
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0010683837
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0006453436
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0004802837
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
4.66494E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
3.39209E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
1.64061E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.00132E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
43.15
Magnitude:
158
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Topic:
Defense
Score:
42.59
Magnitude:
158
Code:
16
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#16
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.1
Gunning-Fog Score
14.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
66
Sprache Difficult Word Count
64
Daniel K. Akaka
Congress repeatedly has reaffirmed its intent that employees should not be forced to sign agreements that supercede an employee's rights under good government statutes. Moreover, Congress has unanimously supported the concept that federal employees should not be subject to prior restraint from disclosing wrongdoing nor suffer retaliation for speaking out.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.70805
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.14286
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.25131
VADER
0.823
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.010403699
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0095208052
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0042150794
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0008038789
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0004402393
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001994844
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
5.92963E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
4.25559E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
9.0986E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.4613E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.7542E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Labor
Score:
62.211
Magnitude:
50
Code:
5
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#5
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
20.7
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
25
Daniel K. Akaka
Lastly, the bill provides the Special Counsel with authority to appear and represent the interests of the Office of Special Counsel in civil actions brought in connection with the exercise of its authority to protect the merit system against prohibited personnel practices under section 2302(b)(8) and violations of the Hatch Act. It also gives the Special Counsel the right to seek review of decisions by the Merit Systems Protection Board before the Federal Circuit where the Special Counsel determines that the Board issued an erroneous decision in a whistleblower retaliation case or in a case arising under the Hatch Act, or that the Board's decision will have a substantial impact on the enforcement of those laws.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.56522
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.56522
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.21302
VADER
0.935
Very Positive
Moderation
Sexual
0.0120255107
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.005776342
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0057671004
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0008445869
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0006954393
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0006752326
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0004547445
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0002057068
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
0.0001603299
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
6.19889E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
5.27837E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.554
Magnitude:
116
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
6.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
43
Sprache Difficult Word Count
36
Daniel K. Akaka
Under the bill, in Board cases in which the Special Counsel was not a party, the Special Counsel must first petition the Board for reconsideration of its decision before seeking review. The Court of Appeals shall grant petitions for review by the Special Counsel at its discretion.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.3979
VADER
0.71
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0130728411
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0032202039
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0015797816
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0010890846
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0005465522
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0001577423
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
6.98907E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
2.54189E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
2.32897E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
7.8536E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
7.414E-7
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
94.984
Magnitude:
47
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.8
Gunning-Fog Score
13.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Daniel K. Akaka
This additional authority would enable the Office of Special Counsel to fulfill its statutory missions more effectively to protect federal whistleblowers against retaliation and to enforce the Hatch Act. While OSC, under current law, has a central role as public prosecutor in cases before the Merit Systems Protection Board, it in no way authorizes OSC to seek judicial review of an MSPB decision that the Special Counsel considers erroneous. Our legislation recognizes that providing the Special Counsel the authority to seek such review -- in precedential cases -- is crucial to ensuring the promotion of the public interests furthered by these statutes.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.68421
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.68421
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.5506
VADER
0.956
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.4649046808
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.1017489354
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0910384348
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0132148678
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0091441143
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0038076883
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0010663926
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0005571608
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0001643224
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.3691E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.14591E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.737
Magnitude:
102
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
14.8
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
43
Sprache Difficult Word Count
42
Daniel K. Akaka
Moreover, under existing law, the Special Counsel cannot appear to represent himself or herself as a party, or even as an amicus curiae, where another party has invoked the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals in a whistleblower retaliation or Hatch Act case. As a result, the Special Counsel, who Congress intended would be a vigorous, independent advocate for protection of the merit system, cannot participate at all in the arena in which the law is largely shaped: the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. This bill reflects our conviction that the public interests underlying the whistleblower retaliation laws and the Hatch Act are best served by ensuring that the Special Counsel's views are considered by the Court in important cases.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.625
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.625
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.34993
VADER
0.973
Very Positive
Moderation
Harassment
0.079258444
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0368859241
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.00635248
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0039261966
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0039215305
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0017182474
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0006207938
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
6.65721E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
4.54374E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
9.282E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.2626E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.543
Magnitude:
122
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
19.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
41
Sprache Difficult Word Count
41
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, there is significant history that defines congressional intent with respect to ensuring that federal whistleblowers are protected from retaliatory measures. It is my intention that this bill will begin the needed dialogue to guarantee that any disclosures within the boundaries of the statutory language are protected. As the ranking member of the Federal Services Subcommittee, I will seek hearings in the next Congress on the Whistleblower Protection Act and the amendments I am proposing today. It is my intention to request a hearing that would be independent of any reauthorization hearing held for the MSPB and the OSC, both of whose authority expires in 2002.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.43508
VADER
0.92
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.0274672988
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0064502521
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.004137306
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.0038557235
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.001626897
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0008882215
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0007753609
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0005398134
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
0.0002133652
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
0.0001168674
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.0903E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
97.589
Magnitude:
106
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.3
Gunning-Fog Score
16.4
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
37
Sprache Difficult Word Count
41
Daniel K. Akaka
There is strong support for the legislation Senator Levin and I are introducing today. I ask unanimous consent, in addition to the text of the bill, that I be allowed to insert into the Record immediately following my statement, a petition signed by the heads of 72 organizations urging Congress to restore the Whistleblower Protection Act to its 1994 boundaries. Among the 70-plus groups that support this effort are the AFL-CIO, American Federation of Government Employees, Blacks in Government, National Association of Treasury Agents, National Treasury Employees Union, Common Cause, and the Federation of American Scientists. I also wish to extend my appreciation to the Special Counsel and the Acting Chair of the Merit Systems Protection Board for the technical assistance they provided. Lastly, I would like to commend the Government Accountability Project for its dedication and perseverance over the years. Since 1977, GAP has sought to protect the public interest and promote government accountability by defending whistleblowers.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
3.93183
VADER
0.989
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence
0.4124457948
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0695949013
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0362518331
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0113824382
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.0104290179
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0065332053
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence > Graphic
0.005712263
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0001552048
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.23718E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
1.65613E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
1.9163E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
96.92
Magnitude:
155
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
24.8
Gunning-Fog Score
15.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
66
Sprache Difficult Word Count
61
Daniel K. Akaka
I urge my colleagues to join me in the effort to ensure that congressional intent embodied in the Whistleblower Protection Act is codified to ensure that the law is not weakened further.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
0.777
Very Positive
Moderation
Violence > Graphic
0.1460318454
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Violence
0.0349776557
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual
0.0158978568
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment > Threatening
0.0050598275
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Harassment
0.0024013912
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm
0.0018883809
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Sexual > Minors
0.0016631138
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate
0.000161105
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Intent
8.12003E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Hate > Threatening
3.08765E-5
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Self-Harm > Instructions
2.4143E-6
OpenAI Moderation v1 (007)
Topics
Topic:
Law and Crime
Score:
96.506
Magnitude:
32
Code:
12
Url:
https://fsc.al/cap-mc#12
Source:
Comparative Agendas
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
31.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Robert Torricelli
Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the "Federal Drug Courts Foundation Act of 2000." This legislation will usher in an new era in the struggle against drug-related crime by establishing a system of federal drug courts. These courts will help bring an end to the cycle of repeated and escalating crimes committed by small-time drug offenders. As General Barry McCaffrey has said: "The establishment of drug courts . . . constitutes one of the most monumental changes in social justice in this country since World War II." Mr. President, I have long fought against the scourge of drug-related crime that has plagued this nation. The legislation I introduce today will continue that fight by creating a three-year pilot program establishing federal drug courts in ten cities selected by the Department of Justice.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.1
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.1
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.19106
VADER
-0.778
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
57.2
Gunning-Fog Score
11.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
53
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39
Robert Torricelli
Drug courts are a response to the fact that more than fifty percent of state parole violators were under the influence of drugs, alcohol, or both when they committed their new offense. They represent a creative new way to address this disturbing fact and are aimed at cleaning up first-time, small-time offenders through comprehensive supervision, drug testing and treatment.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
-0.103
Leans Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.1
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23
Robert Torricelli
Drug court programs have been successfully implemented at the state level. Since 1989, more than 100,000 drug offenders have participated in drug court programs at the state level and there are now more than 400 drug courts in existence. These drug courts have proven to be both effective and cost-efficient. A study in one New York drug court showed that only 11% of offenders were rearrested as compared to 27% in the general prison population. And while the incarceration of a drug offender costs between $20,000 and $50,000 annually, a drug court costs less than $2,500 per offender.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.25
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.45199
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.33333
Somewhat Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.64663
VADER
-0.718
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
70.9
Gunning-Fog Score
14.1
Coleman-Liau Index
9.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26
Robert Torricelli
Drugs continue to be one of the greatest threats to our children and to the well-being of our communities. For this reason, we must continue to fight against the scourge of illegal drugs ravaging our communities. To that end, I am introducing the "Federal Drug Courts Foundations Act of 2000," legislation designed to sensibly combat the epidemic of drug-related crime. I hope that this much-needed legislation will enjoy your support and I look forward to working with each and every one of you in order to get this legislation enacted into law.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.2
Slightly Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.33647
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.05263
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.05263
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.10008
VADER
-0.226
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.1
Gunning-Fog Score
15.8
Coleman-Liau Index
11.4
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28
Robert Torricelli
I ask unanimous consent the text of the legislation be included in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.6
Gunning-Fog Score
14.2
Coleman-Liau Index
11.1
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
2.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
6
Mr. President, I rise today to introduce a bill that will reduce the number of firearms on the street and help guns out of the hands of criminals. In the wake of the tragic shootings this year in Michigan and Pennsylvania, we are reminded of what happens when the wrong people have access to guns. These tragic shootings become even more troubling when they involve a former police gun or firearms previously involved in a crime.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.73333
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.73333
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.6864
VADER
-0.961
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64
Gunning-Fog Score
9.7
Coleman-Liau Index
11.2
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
9.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
It is vital that law enforcement agencies have the very best equipment available to ensure their safety and to protect America's communities, but purchasing new weapons can be expensive, particularly for cash-strapped municipalities. To deal with this problem, for almost two decades law enforcement agencies have been reselling their old guns to dealers or auctioning them off to the public to offset the cost of purchasing new guns. However, this practice has led to an unintended result -- increased risk that these guns would end up back on the streets and in the hands of criminals.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.17647
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.17647
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.33647
VADER
-0.471
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
34.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
28
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
In the past nine years, firearms once used by law enforcement agencies have been involved in more than 3,000 crimes, including 293 homicides, 301 assaults and 279 drug-related crimes throughout the United States. Just last year, Bufford Furrow, a white supremacist, used a Glock pistol that was decommissioned and sold by a police agency in the State of Washington to terrorize and shoot children at a Jewish community center in Los Angeles and then kill a postal worker. Members of the Latin Kings, a violent Chicago street gang, used guns formerly owned by the Miami-Dade Police Department in Florida to commit violent crimes in Illinois. And a 1996 investigation by the New York State inspector general found that weapons used by New York law enforcement officers had been used in crimes in at least two other states.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.83321
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.27273
Slightly Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.53408
VADER
-0.969
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
11.6
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
46
Sprache Difficult Word Count
50
In is time that we help our law enforcement agencies do what they have long tried to do -- get out of the business of selling guns. Under the bill I introduce today, law enforcement agencies will no longer be forced to resell their old guns or guns seized from criminals to help them obtain the new weapons that are necessary to carry out their duties. Instead, this bill would provide grants to state or local law enforcement agencys to assist them in purchasing new firearms so that they will no longer be forced to sell their decommissioned firearms to anyone. In order to receive these grants, the law enforcement agencies must simply agree to either destroy their decommissioned guns or not sell them to the public.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.3979
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.42857
Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.86904
VADER
-0.869
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51.3
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30
A growing number of states and cities have already decided to ban the practice of pouring old police guns into the consumer market. They recognize that the extra money gained from selling old police guns is not worth the price of possible human suffering or loss of life. It is simply bad policy for governments to be suppliers of guns and potentially add to the problem of gun violence in America. Regardless of where one stands on gun control, logic, and common sense and decency demand that we also recognize this simple truth and unite behind moving this bill to passage.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.56495
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.15789
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.15789
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.30228
VADER
-0.965
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48
Gunning-Fog Score
15.6
Coleman-Liau Index
11.5
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
30
Sprache Difficult Word Count
37
I ask unanimous consent that a copy of the legislation appear in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.3
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
6.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.1
Sprache Readability Score
2.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5
Frank Murkowski
Mr. President, in our desire to close the so-called 527 loophole involving campaign financing earlier this year, I believe we may have gone too far in the disclosure requirements.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-1.09861
VADER
0.402
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
67.5
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
3.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
11
Frank Murkowski
In the bill ultimately creating P.L. 106-230, we essentially adopted the House language without any amendments. When it became law on July 1, 2000, one of the provisions required candidates for state and local offices to file Form 8871 by July 31, 2000.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.296
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.3
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
77
Gunning-Fog Score
10.7
Coleman-Liau Index
7.9
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
3.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.4
Sprache Readability Score
3.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Frank Murkowski
The goal of the new law is to find out who is contributing to 527 political organizations that have proliferated in recent years. The organizations. including the Sierra Club's 527, were taking in large size donations and yet not have and to reveal who the donors were.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.5
Gunning-Fog Score
12.2
Coleman-Liau Index
10.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.8
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14
Frank Murkowski
Under the new law, contributions in excess of $200 by a single person must be disclosed. Expenditures by a 527 organization in excess of $500 also would have to be disclosed. However, these financial disclosures -- the heart and soul of the bill -- do not apply to candidates for state and local elections. Clearly, the rules for state and local elections are to be regulated by the states, not the federal government.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
0.785
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
54.2
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
11
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
18
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22
Frank Murkowski
Yet, under the new law, candidates for state and local offices must file Form 8871 with the IRS. This form essentially notifies IRS that state or local officeholder has established a 527 organization. It must also list the name and address of the organization, the purpose of the organization; the names and addresses of its officers and highly compensated persons and identify a contact person and custodian of records and its Board of Directors (if any).
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.94444
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
38.6
Gunning-Fog Score
17
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24
Frank Murkowski
Since we have exempted state and local candidates from having to file financial disclosure statements, I see no reason why they should be burdened with filing Form 8857. This requirement serves no purpose except to create needless paperwork for both the candidates and the IRS.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
-0.612
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
58
Gunning-Fog Score
15.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Frank Murkowski
That is why I am introducing legislation to exempt state and local candidates from this burden just as the current law exempts 527 Organizations that do not expect that they will raise $25,000 do not have to file this information.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.103
Leans Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
43.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
10.1
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
10
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Frank Murkowski
My bill is retroactive so that some candidates for local office who were caught unaware of the filing requirement do not face any penalties.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
-0.202
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
48.5
Gunning-Fog Score
17.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
4.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
7
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Frank Murkowski
It is my hope that after this election, when campaign finance reform will be debated in a less political environment, that this common sense technical amendment will be included in reform legislation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.44
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
21
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, I rise today with Senator Murkowski and Senator Bingaman, Chairman and Ranking Member of Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, my colleague on the Committee, Senator Bayh, my friend from Nevada, Senator Reid, and my senior colleague from Hawaii, Senator Inouye, to introduce legislation that will accelerate the ongoing efforts for the development of a fuel for the future -- hydrogen. Hydrogen is an efficient and environmentally friendly energy carrier that can be obtained using conventional or renewable resources. There is strong evidence that hydrogen can be a solution for America's long-term energy needs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.83333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.83333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.03688
VADER
0.967
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
17.4
Gunning-Fog Score
17.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
48
Sprache Difficult Word Count
42
Daniel K. Akaka
All indications suggest that America's summer of discontent is going to continue and become the winter of discontent with respect to energy prices. Americans have paid record-breaking prices at the pump this summer. They will continue to suffer escalating prices this winter too. Higher energy prices hit most those Americans who can afford it the least.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.11111
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.20067
VADER
0.422
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44
Gunning-Fog Score
12
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Daniel K. Akaka
Our Nation is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. We rely on imports to meet our needs. Our dependence on imported oil has been increasing for years. Oil imports have been rising for the past two decades. The combination of lower domestic production and increased demand has led to imports making up a larger share of total oil consumed in the United States. In 1992, crude oil imports accounted for approximately 45 percent of our domestic demand. Last year crude oil imports amounted for 58 percent. The Energy Information Administration's Short-Term Outlook forecasts that oil imports will exceed 60 percent of total demand this year. EIA's long-term forecasts have oil imports constituting 66 percent of U.S. supply by 2010, and more than 71 percent by 2000.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.57895
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.57895
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.23676
VADER
-0.599
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
65.5
Gunning-Fog Score
9.3
Coleman-Liau Index
11.7
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
6.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
50
Sprache Difficult Word Count
42
Daniel K. Akaka
Continued reliance on such large quantities of imported oil will frustrate our efforts to develop a national energy policy and set the stage for energy emergencies in the future.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.052
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
19.9
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, the way to improve our energy outlook is to adopt energy conservation, encourage energy efficiency, and support renewable energy programs. Above all, we must develop energy resources that diversify our energy mix and strengthen our energy security.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.83321
VADER
0.979
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
15.8
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Daniel K. Akaka
Now is the time to increase our efforts to develop new sources of energy. Growing evidence points to hydrogen as a fuel to resolve our energy problems and satisfy a wide variety of the world's energy needs.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
0.881
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.9
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
10.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
15
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Daniel K. Akaka
Hydrogen as a fuel is not a new concept. For more than two decades there has been global interest in hydrogen as a renewable fuel. Progress is being made at an accelerating pace. Fuel cells for distributed stationary power are being commercialized and installed in various locations in the United States and worldwide. Transit bus demonstrations are underway in both the United States and Europe. Major automobile companies are poised to deploy fuel cell passengers cars within the next few years. All these activities involve government and private sector cooperation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.42857
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.78846
VADER
0.908
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
45.3
Gunning-Fog Score
12.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.1
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
31
Sprache Difficult Word Count
39
Daniel K. Akaka
But many problems and challenges remain. Hydrogen production costs from both fossil and renewable energy sources remain high. Attractive low-cost storage technologies are not available. There is an inadequate infrastructure.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.11111
Leans Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.20067
VADER
-0.026
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27
Gunning-Fog Score
16
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.5
Sprache Readability Score
2.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
15
Daniel K. Akaka
We need to address these challenges and barriers if we are to enjoy the fruits of an efficient and environmentally friendly energy source. This Senator believes that an aggressive research and development program can help us overcome many of these challenges such as bringing down the production costs from fossil and renewable sources, by advancing storage technologies, and addressing safety concerns with efforts in establishing codes and standards.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.65393
VADER
0.941
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
19.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
30
Daniel K. Akaka
Our Nation needs an active and focused research, development, and demonstration program to make the breakthroughs necessary to make hydrogen a viable source of energy.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.8473
VADER
0.778
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
22.4
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.5
Sprache Readability Score
4.8
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
13
Sprache Difficult Word Count
13
Daniel K. Akaka
My predecessor, Senator Spark Matsunaga was one of the first to focus attention on hydrogen by sponsoring hydrogen research legislation. The Matsunaga Hydrogen Act, as this legislation has come to be known, was designed to accelerate development of domestic capability to produce an economically renewable energy source in sufficient quantities to reduce the Nation's dependence on conventional fuels. As a result of Senator Matsunaga's vision, the Department of Energy has been conducting research that will advance technologies for cost-effective production, storage, and utilization of hydrogen. The Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 expanded the research, and development, and demonstration program under the Matsunaga Act. It authorized activities leading to production, storage, transformation, and use of hydrogen for industrial, residential, transportation, and utility applications.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.88889
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.88889
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.45674
VADER
0.758
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
1.7
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
64
Sprache Difficult Word Count
52
Daniel K. Akaka
My good friend and former colleague in the House, Representative George E. Brown, Jr., was instrumental in the introduction and passage of the Hydrogen Future Act. Serving as the Chairman and Ranking Member of the House Science Committee, Congressman Brown earned a reputation as a true champion and advocate for science. He was an early supporter of hydrogen as a source of energy. He was the principal sponsor of the companion legislation to Senator Matsunaga's bill in the House. Congressman Brown passed away on July 15, 1999.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
0.943
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.5
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
56.1
Gunning-Fog Score
10.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
4.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
33
Sprache Difficult Word Count
33
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, the legislation I am introducing today reauthorizes and amends the Hydrogen Future Act of 1996. I propose that Congress dedicate this legislation to George Brown's memory and cite the Act as George E. Brown, Jr. Hydrogen Future Act.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
50.7
Gunning-Fog Score
10.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
5.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.3
Sprache Readability Score
2.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
20
Sprache Difficult Word Count
16
Daniel K. Akaka
The legislation I am introducing today is consistent with the thinking of experts who have looked at this issue. The President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) issued a report titled "Federal Energy Research and Development for the Challenges of the Twenty-First Century" in response to a request from President Clinton to review the national energy R&D portfolio and make recommendations on how to ensure that the U.S. has a program that addresses its energy needs for the next century. In its report issued in November 1997, PCAST proposed a substantial increase in Federal spending for applied energy technology R&D, with the largest share going to energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies. This was a major change in focus. With this new R&D emphasis, the PCAST report acknowledges and supports advances in a wide range of both hydrogen- producing and hydrogen-using technologies. The bill I am introducing today supports the recommendations of PCAST.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.51083
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.73333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.73333
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.6864
VADER
0.973
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
37.4
Gunning-Fog Score
15
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
69
Sprache Difficult Word Count
57
Daniel K. Akaka
The Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel (HTAP) was established pursuant to the Spark Matsunaga Hydrogen Act. The panel's primary functions are to advise the Secretary of Energy on the implementation and conduct of the Department of Energy's Hydrogen Program and to review and make recommendations on the economic, technical, and environmental consequences of deploying hydrogen energy systems. The Hydrogen Future Act gave additional functions to HTAP. The Act requires HTAP to evaluate the effectiveness of the Department's Hydrogen Program and make recommendations for improvements. HTAP is also required to make recommendations for future legislation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.83321
VADER
0.751
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
10.6
Gunning-Fog Score
16.5
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
50
Sprache Difficult Word Count
36
Daniel K. Akaka
The panel, appointed by the Secretary of Energy, has broad representation from industry, government, and academia. While some members of the panel represent the hydrogen community, others represent fossil energy, industrial gases, transportation, and environment groups -- areas affected by the development and deployment of hydrogen energy systems. This mix provides the panel with a balanced perspective that allows diversity of viewpoints. Members serve on a pro-bono basis.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.22378
VADER
0.572
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
16.6
Gunning-Fog Score
18.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Daniel K. Akaka
HTAP, in its report to Congress has strongly endorsed reauthorizing the Hydrogen Future Act. Today's bill reflects most of the recommendations of this expert body.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.477
Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52
Gunning-Fog Score
8.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.3
Automated Readability Index
10.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.6
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
11
Sprache Difficult Word Count
14
Daniel K. Akaka
The long-term vision for hydrogen energy is that sometime well into 21st century, hydrogen will join electricity as one of our Nation's primary energy carriers, and hydrogen will ultimately be produced from renewable sources. But fossil fuels will be a significant long-term transitional resource. In the next twenty years, increasing concerns about global climate changes and energy security concerns will help bring about penetration of hydrogen in several niche markets. The growth of fuel cell technology will allow the introduction of hydrogen in both transportation and electricity sectors.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.22378
VADER
0.958
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
23.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.3
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
35
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Daniel K. Akaka
We are a long way from realizing this vision for hydrogen energy. But progress is being made and many challenges and barriers remain. Sustained effort is the only way to overcome these challenges and barriers. We need to support a strategy that focuses on mid-term and long-term goals. We must support development of technologies that enable distributed electric-generation fuel cell systems and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles for transportation applications. For the long-term, we should look to hydrogen technologies that enhance renewable systems and offer society the promise of clean, abundant fuels.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.14286
Leans Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.25131
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.27297
VADER
0.931
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
40.3
Gunning-Fog Score
16.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Daniel K. Akaka
Significant forces are coming together that may accelerate wider acceptance of hydrogen as an energy source. Industry is moving ahead with fuel cell developments at a rapid pace. Many companies are forming partnerships to bring new technologies to the market place. Daimler- Chrysler, Ford, and Ballard have formed a partnership and pledged $1.5 billion for commercialization of automotive fuel cells. Edison Development Company, General Electric, SoCal Gas, and Plug Power have agreement to commercialize residential fuel cells. There are other companies pursuing the same market sector and are developing high performance fuel cell technology for automotive and electrical generation systems.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.85714
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.85714
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0.844
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
25.8
Gunning-Fog Score
16.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
39
Sprache Difficult Word Count
46
Daniel K. Akaka
Initiatives for controls of emissions from automobiles such as California's zero emissions vehicle requirements favor early introduction of hydrogen powered vehicles. There is significant industry interest in bringing fuel cell technology to mining operations.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.758
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Daniel K. Akaka
The Department of Energy administers the Hydrogen Program that supports a broad range of research and development projects in the areas of hydrogen production, storage, and use in a safer and less expensive manner in the near future. Progress in several research and development areas shows promise that some of these new technologies may become available for wider use in the next few years. Some of the promising technologies include advanced natural gas- and biomass-based hydrogen production technologies, high pressure gaseous and cryogas storage systems, reversible PEM fuel cell systems. Others lay the groundwork for long range opportunities.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.94591
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.952
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
30.5
Gunning-Fog Score
17.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
47
Sprache Difficult Word Count
40
Daniel K. Akaka
The Hydrogen Program utilizes the talents of our national laboratories and our universities. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Sandia, Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos, and Oak Ridge, as well as Jet Propulsion Laboratory are involved in the program. DOE Field Office at Golden, Colorado, and Nevada Operations Office in Nevada are also involved. University-led centers-of-excellence have been established at Florida Solar Energy Center at University of Miami and University of Hawaii. The U.S. participation in the International Energy Agency contributes to the advancement of DOE hydrogen research through international cooperation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.22378
VADER
0.856
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
4.1
Gunning-Fog Score
11.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
47
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38
Daniel K. Akaka
The DOE Hydrogen Program is well managed and run by dedicated managers and capable and talented technologists. The program has also built strong links with the industry. This has resulted in strong industry participation and cost sharing. HTAP, in its review of the program reached similar conclusions.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.22378
VADER
0.963
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
47.3
Gunning-Fog Score
14.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
3.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Daniel K. Akaka
The legislation I am introducing today reauthorizes the Hydrogen Future Act and adds provisions for the demonstration of hydrogen technologies at government facilities. It highlights the potential of hydrogen as an efficient and environmentally friendly source of energy, the need for a strong partnership between the Federal government, industry, and academia, and the importance of continued support for hydrogen research. It fosters collaboration between Federal agencies, state and local governments, universities, and industry. It encourages private sector investment and cost sharing in the development of hydrogen as an energy source.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.69231
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.69231
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.52606
VADER
0.971
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
7.3
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
42
Sprache Difficult Word Count
38
Daniel K. Akaka
The legislation authorizes $250 million over the next five years for research and development of technologies for hydrogen production, storage and use. This will allow advancement of technologies such as smaller-scale production systems that are applicable to distributed- generation and vehicle applications, advanced pressure vessels, photobiological and photocatalytic production of hydrogen, and carbon nanotubes, graphite nanofibers, and fullerenes.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.94444
VADER
0.178
Leans Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
29
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29
Daniel K. Akaka
It also authorizes $50 million for conducting integrated demonstrations of hydrogen technologies at government facilities. This will help secure industry participation through competitive solicitations for technology development and testing. It may encourage integration of renewable energy resources with hydrogen storage in distributed power scenarios. It will test the viability of hydrogen production, storage, and use. It will lead to development of hydrogen- based operating experience acceptable to meet safety codes and standards.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.9
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.9
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.56495
VADER
0.936
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
0
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
36
Sprache Difficult Word Count
35
Daniel K. Akaka
By supporting the development of hydrogen technologies, we will be ushering in an era of a non-polluting source of energy that will reduce our dependence on foreign oil. The price we will pay for development of this clean and renewable energy is minuscule compared to the benefits. And Mr. President, if we develop hydrogen technologies, we will be less likely to be held hostage by our friends in the Middle East.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.22378
VADER
0.886
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
10.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
51.1
Gunning-Fog Score
16.1
Coleman-Liau Index
11.7
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
9.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
26
Daniel K. Akaka
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that a copy of the bill be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
73.8
Gunning-Fog Score
5.8
Coleman-Liau Index
8.1
SMOG Index
7.3
Automated Readability Index
1.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.1
Sprache Readability Score
2.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
5
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Bob Kerrey
Mr. President, many of the things we do in the Senate involve making investments in America's future. Investments in research through the National Science Foundation or investments in infrastructure development through the Department of Transportation reap great rewards for the citizens of tomorrow.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.6
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.802
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
36.9
Gunning-Fog Score
12.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
18
Bob Kerrey
Today, I am pleased to be joined by Senators Santorum, Moynihan, Grassley, and Breaux in introducing a piece of legislation that represents a remarkable new investment in the financial security of future generations of Americans.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.66667
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.29928
VADER
0.836
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
4.5
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
9.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Bob Kerrey
This proposal, called KidSave, aims to give every American a stake in the growth of the American economy, to help all Americans accumulate wealth and assets, and to teach all Americans firsthand the value of savings and compounding interest. Not only will this legislation promote savings and investments across all income levels, but it will also help to close the growing wealth gap.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.83321
VADER
0.949
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
31.2
Gunning-Fog Score
17.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
21
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24
Bob Kerrey
One of the discoveries I have made in researching this idea is that the most important variable in compounding interest rates is time. The earlier you start, the more wealth you build.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.60944
VADER
0.819
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
58.4
Gunning-Fog Score
16.4
Coleman-Liau Index
11.8
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.6
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.8
Sprache Readability Score
3.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8
Bob Kerrey
One of the poster children for understanding the value of compounding interest is Osceola McCarty. Osceola was a Hattiesburg, Mississippi, washerwoman, who after more than seven decades of low-wage work donated $150,000 to the University of Southern Mississippi -- wealth she had built by saving a little bit of money over a long period of time.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.823
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
28
Gunning-Fog Score
16.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.8
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
19
Bob Kerrey
Wealth has also empowered the Federal employees I talk to in the halls of the Senate, who are excited about their ability to participate in their government Thrift Savings Plan, TSP, and who talk more knowledgeably than me about index funds and the difference between a stock and bond. These employees, and other workers across the country who are able to participate in employer-sponsored pension plans and IRAs, feel more confident about their own futures and their own retirement security. They are confident that they won't face poverty in their final years.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.99853
VADER
0.949
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
38
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
26
Sprache Difficult Word Count
29
Bob Kerrey
Our KidSave proposal will gave that same sense of confidence and pride in one's future to all future generations of Americans.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.94591
VADER
0.691
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.5
Gunning-Fog Score
14.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.8
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
9
Sprache Difficult Word Count
9
Bob Kerrey
How does KidSave work? The KidSave program would use part of the surplus to provide each newborn child with a $2,000 KidSave retirement savings loan to jumpstart his or her retirement savings. Each KidSave loan will be deposited into a qualified KidSave account. The KidSave program will be administered by the Thrift Savings Plan, TSP, Board. Future KidSave loans will be adjusted for inflation, CPI, beginning in 2008.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.99853
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
66.5
Gunning-Fog Score
10.2
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.5
Automated Readability Index
8.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Bob Kerrey
Parents and grandparents will be able to add $500 per year to each KidSave account for each child under the age of 19.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
7.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
80.5
Gunning-Fog Score
10.9
Coleman-Liau Index
7
SMOG Index
9
Automated Readability Index
8.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.2
Sprache Readability Score
3.9
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
3
Sprache Difficult Word Count
5
Bob Kerrey
A KidSave loan recipient -- with no additional account contributions -- can expect to generate future retirement savings of $250,000 by the age of 67 (assuming an 8 percent rate of return). Furthermore, since KidSave accounts are personal property, they can be willed on to an heir as part of an estate.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.71429
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.46634
VADER
-0.296
Slightly Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
53.2
Gunning-Fog Score
17.3
Coleman-Liau Index
10.9
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
16
Sprache Difficult Word Count
21
Bob Kerrey
How will these KidSave loans be financed? Our legislation uses Social Security surpluses to finance the loans in the early years of the program. But, as older KidSavers begin to repay their KidSave loans, the program will virtually become self-funded, as the loan repayment revenues are used to fund the KidSave loans of a new generation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.19722
VADER
0.34
Somewhat Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
49.5
Gunning-Fog Score
11.8
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
10.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
20
Bob Kerrey
Since the $2,000 KidSave loan is -- just that -- a loan, KidSavers are expected to pay back the loan amount at the CPI inflated rate starting at age 30. The KidSave loan repayment mechanism is designed in such a way to allow future KidSavers to pay back 20 percent of the loan each year for five years, beginning at the age of 30. In the rare event that an individual's KidSave account may perform poorly, no individual will have to pay more than 20 percent of his total account value back in any given year.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.8
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.8
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.84583
VADER
-0.026
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
58
Gunning-Fog Score
15.6
Coleman-Liau Index
8.2
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.2
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
22
Sprache Difficult Word Count
27
Bob Kerrey
Building upon existing investment structures in the Federal government, KidSave accounts will be managed and administered through the Federal employees' Thrift Savings Plan (TSP). Investment options will be determined by the TSP Board. KidSave account holders and guardians will have the same flexibility in changing their investment distributions as current TSP participants.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.83321
VADER
0.586
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
28.2
Gunning-Fog Score
16.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.1
Sprache Readability Score
4.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
23
Bob Kerrey
As I noted earlier in my remarks, one goal of this proposal is to close the growing wealth gap. Despite all of the glowing media reports about the booming American economy, most of the economic gains of the last decade have gone to families who have owned financial assets. Ed Wolff, the wealth data guru, has reported that the wealthiest 10 percent of households enjoyed 85 percent of the stock market gains between 1989 and 1998. Since 1989, the share of wealth held by the top 1 percent of households grew from 37 percent to 39 percent, while the net worth of the bottom 40 percent of households dropped from .9 percent to .2 percent.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.95551
VADER
0.978
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
71.9
Gunning-Fog Score
11.8
Coleman-Liau Index
9.1
SMOG Index
11.7
Automated Readability Index
8.1
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.9
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
36
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Bob Kerrey
An editorial by the Progressive Policy Institute has called this proposal a democratization of the ownership of financial assets". I think they've hit the nail on the head. This proposal will create universal access to the tools of wealth creation and asset accumulation. It will make future workers less dependent on the Federal government for their retirement income security.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.8
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.8
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.84583
VADER
0.9
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.6
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
38.4
Gunning-Fog Score
14
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.9
Sprache Readability Score
4.7
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
28
Bob Kerrey
This proposal is also aimed at improving the personal savings rate in the United States. In fact, unlike other spending programs, KidSave loans will not only generate wealth, but also improve national and personal savings rates.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.3979
VADER
0.745
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
45.2
Gunning-Fog Score
13.9
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
4.2
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Bob Kerrey
It has been widely reported that the personal savings rate has been in a long and steady decline in the U.S. -- according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, it has dropped from 11 percent in 1981 to 2 percent in 1999. Many workers are spending beyond their means, accumulating more and more consumer debt, while others simply can't afford to save because of high payroll tax rates and low wages. Many of these same workers are relying on Social Security to be their sole or primary source of income at retirement.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.2
Leans Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.36772
VADER
-0.481
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
64
Gunning-Fog Score
10.4
Coleman-Liau Index
9.9
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
8.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
27
Sprache Difficult Word Count
32
Bob Kerrey
But the co-sponsors of this bill recognize that a Social Security retirement check isn't enough to live on. The average Social Security check in Nebraska is $766 a month. Nationwide, eighteen percent of beneficiaries have no other source of income. Another 12 percent rely on Social Security for more than 90 percent of their income, and nearly two-thirds overall derive more than half their income from that small check. For many of them, it's not enough. Our proposal is based on the idea that retirees need both income and wealth.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.33333
Somewhat Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.58779
VADER
0.875
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
8.7
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
59.8
Gunning-Fog Score
10.5
Coleman-Liau Index
11.3
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.9
Dale-Chall Readability Score
4.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
23
Sprache Difficult Word Count
24
Bob Kerrey
And Mr. President, that opportunity to hold assets and create wealth is an opportunity we can open today to every baby born in America. Guaranteed. I urge my colleagues to support this legislation.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.83321
VADER
0.923
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.1
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
44.6
Gunning-Fog Score
10.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
10.8
Automated Readability Index
5.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.2
Sprache Readability Score
2.6
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
12
Sprache Difficult Word Count
12
Joe Biden
Mr. President, today I am introducing the Dangerous Biological Agent and Toxin Control Act of 2000. Similar legislation was originally submitted by the Administration in 1999 as part of a larger anti-crime proposal.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
-0.5
Very Negative
Harvard-IV (Logit)
-0.8473
VADER
-0.477
Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
11.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
33.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.6
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
7.8
Dale-Chall Readability Score
8.5
Sprache Readability Score
3.4
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
17
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Joe Biden
Today a terrorist attack in the United States using chemical or biological weapons is one of the most significant terrorist threats we face. In recent years, through the ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the enactment of the related implementing legislation, we have provided several statutory safeguards designed to prevent and deter against an attack using chemical weapons. But gaps remain in our laws regulating biological pathogens. It is essential not only that America be fully prepared to respond to such an attack, but also that we take steps to prevent them from happening in the first place.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.19722
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.16705
VADER
-0.9
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
27.9
Gunning-Fog Score
18
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
34
Joe Biden
Currently, federal law bans only the development and possession of biological agents for use as a weapon. But there are sensible things that we can do in the near term to give federal law enforcement the tools that they need to protect our country from these threats -- before they materialize into unspeakable scenarios.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0
VADER
-0.34
Somewhat Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
36.3
Gunning-Fog Score
18.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.5
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
14
Sprache Difficult Word Count
17
Joe Biden
Earlier this year, the National Commission on Terrorism reported to Congress. Among its conclusions was that the federal laws regarding the possession of dangerous pathogens are currently insufficient. The Commission specifically recommended, among other things, that Congress make it illegal for anyone not properly certified to possess certain critical pathogens. And they were right.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.6
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.09861
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.09091
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.16705
VADER
-0.893
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
17.7
Gunning-Fog Score
17.3
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.7
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
24
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22
Joe Biden
The bill I introduce today fill several gaps in the law.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0
Neutral
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
5.9
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
72.6
Gunning-Fog Score
11.7
Coleman-Liau Index
8.3
SMOG Index
11.3
Automated Readability Index
3.3
Dale-Chall Readability Score
3.4
Sprache Readability Score
2.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
2
Sprache Difficult Word Count
4
Joe Biden
First, the bill will make it unlawful for anyone to possess biological agent, toxin or delivery system of a type or in a quantity that under the circumstances is not reasonably justified by a prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purpose. Second, the bill makes it unlawful to handle a biological agent with conscious disregard of an unreasonable risk to public health and safety. Third, the legislation makes it unlawful to knowingly communicate false, but believable information, concerning an activity which would constitute a violation of this statute. Finally, the bill requires people to report to the federal government their possession of listed biological agents, prohibits the transfer of a listed biological agent to a person who is not registered and makes possession by certain restricted persons -- such as convicted felons -- unlawful.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-0.84615
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-0.84615
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-2.12026
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.08333
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.08333
Neutral
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.16034
VADER
-0.66
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
10.2
Gunning-Fog Score
19
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
12
Dale-Chall Readability Score
7.7
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
50
Sprache Difficult Word Count
48
Joe Biden
Closing these gaps in the law would be a modest but important step to prevent and deter a terrorist act involving biological agents. This should not be a partisan issue. This is an issue of governance, not politics. From Wilmington to Washington State, our constituents need protection and expect and deserve nothing less.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
-1
Very Negative
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
-1.60944
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.25
Slightly Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
0.45199
VADER
-0.735
Very Negative
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
9.2
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
52.9
Gunning-Fog Score
12.1
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
8.7
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6.3
Sprache Readability Score
4.1
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
19
Sprache Difficult Word Count
22
Joe Biden
Mr. President, I recognize that the Congressional session is about to end, and therefore it is too late for the bill to be considered this year. But I wanted to introduce the bill now so that it would be available for review by my colleagues and other interested parties inside and outside of government. In particular, I invite comment by interested parties in the scientific community, the business community, and the civil liberties community. I regard the bill I introduce today as an initial draft that is a work in progress, and I welcome constructive comments and suggestions for improvement. I look forward to working with my colleagues on the Committee on the Judiciary early in the next session of Congress.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0.5
Positive
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0.8473
Harvard-IV (Relative)
0.89474
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
0.89474
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
2.51231
VADER
0.97
Very Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
12
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
41.6
Gunning-Fog Score
15.7
Coleman-Liau Index
12
SMOG Index
12
Automated Readability Index
11.4
Dale-Chall Readability Score
5.4
Sprache Readability Score
5
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
34
Sprache Difficult Word Count
35
Joe Biden
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.
Sentiment
Loughran McDonald (Relative)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Absolute)
0
Neutral
Loughran McDonald (Logit)
0
Harvard-IV (Relative)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Absolute)
1
Very Positive
Harvard-IV (Logit)
1.09861
VADER
0.226
Slightly Positive
Readability
Flesch-Kincaid Grade
4.4
Flesch-Kincaid Ease
78.8
Gunning-Fog Score
5.8
Coleman-Liau Index
8.8
SMOG Index
7.3
Automated Readability Index
2.5
Dale-Chall Readability Score
6
Sprache Readability Score
2.3
Dale-Chall Difficult Word Score
6
Sprache Difficult Word Count
8