Sen. Mark Kelly, D-Ariz., has proposed legislation that seeks to address artificial intelligence-fueled shifts in the workforce as his party works to define a clear position on the controversial technology ahead of the midterms and beyond.

Introduced Thursday, his bill would rely on new artificial intelligence and digital advertising taxes on the largest technology companies to fund worker programs and increased unemployment benefits. Kelly, a much-discussed 2028 presidential hopeful, previewed the bill in a floor speech on Tuesday and in a plan released last fall.

The bill would create an “AI Horizon Fund,” to be overseen by a council made up of AI experts, including from labor, higher education and workforce development. It currently has no co-sponsors.

“AI could unlock benefits for the American people, from curing diseases to solving big engineering problems that unlock new industries and new jobs,” Kelly said on Tuesday. “But we can’t expect corporations to help us out of the goodness of their hearts.”

The bill would create three new taxes: on digital advertising revenues, AI-usage based on generated data and “excess profits” by AI firms. Those taxes would go into the fund, which would be seeded with an initial $30 billion appropriation, to be paid back to the Treasury over time.

Kelly’s office did not immediately respond to a request for comment on how much money they anticipate the taxes could generate annually.

Revenue from the taxes would then be used to “expand economic security, quality jobs, and community benefits, while mitigating harms associated with increased adoption of artificial intelligence” according to the bill text.

Toward those goals, the bill would: create a grant program to fund “paid service-to-career pathways into jobs that rely on human judgment, trust, physical presence, communication, and relationship-based work;” support entrepreneurship and small-business programs; and increase unemployment benefits to a minimum of 75 percent wage replacement for 26 weeks.

Kelly’s broader AI plan also included recommendations on clean energy investment and grid resilience related to data centers, as well as questions about trust in AI and safety both for commercial users and in the military.

The Horizon Fund bill is the second major piece of legislation to lay out a path toward sharing the wealth of AI firms.

In June, Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., introduced a bill that would see the U.S. government put a one-time tax on AI companies with more than $200 million in annual sales, to be paid in stocks. A resulting 50 percent government stake in the companies would support a sovereign wealth fund that would then be used to pay dividends to taxpayers and to fund social priorities like education, health care and housing.

Sanders’ bill, which also has no co-sponsors, would give the government a direct stake in the future of AI firms. Kelly’s bill would also depend on those firms seeing high profits, including from digital advertising, though it does not come with Sanders’ plan for voting shares in AI companies.

Democrats have yet to coalesce around a single plan on AI safety or possible economic impacts, though the safety conversation in particular has grown in the public consciousness in recent weeks amid warnings from industry and reports of unprompted hacking by AI agents.

A Gallup survey conducted in August found that 27 percent of respondents were worried technology could make their job obsolete in the near future — a concern particularly prevalent among younger workers.